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首页精通C#与.NET:Q&A形式的全面指南
精通C#与.NET:Q&A形式的全面指南
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更新于2024-07-15
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"《绝对精彩的C#与.NET编程指南》是一本旨在深入讲解C#和.NET技术的电子书,由Damir Arh撰写,适用于.NET Core 6、7版本。本书以问答形式帮助读者扎实掌握C#语言的基础概念,并提升开发技能。书中还涵盖了当前.NET开发者生态系统的概览,详细介绍了最新的.NET和C#特性和功能。 作为一本实用教程,该书不仅教授理论知识,而且基于作者丰富的实践经验,使读者在阅读过程中能够结合实际场景应用所学。然而,作者明确指出,虽然他已尽最大努力确保内容的准确性,但对书中可能存在的错误、遗漏或不完整性不承担责任。读者应自行判断并根据自身情况调整使用信息,因为每个人的实际情况可能与书中的示例有所差异。 此外,该书特别适合那些准备面试或者希望在.NET领域深化理解的专业人士,通过阅读这本书,不仅可以巩固基础,还能了解最新的技术和趋势,从而更好地为职业生涯做好准备。版权方面,所有内容未经 DotNetCurry.com 的书面许可不得以任何形式复制、分发或通过电子或机械手段(如复印、录音或网络检索)传播,包括存储和检索系统。《绝对精彩》是一本全面且极具价值的C#和.NET学习资料。"
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SECTION I
.NET and the Common
Language Runtime (CLR)
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SECTION I - .NET and the Common Language Runme (CLR)
17
When Microsoft released the rst version of .NET framework in 2002, the applications
developed on it could only run on Windows machines with the .NET Framework
installed. This has not changed until today. Applications developed using the full .NET
framework will still run only on Windows.
However, since then Microsoft has released many new .NET implementations, which
targeted other platforms too, while still allowing development using C#, and a very
similar base class library.
The rst such alternative .NET implementation was Silverlight, released in 2007.
Silverlight was a browser plugin for Windows and macOS browsers, similar to the
Adobe Flash Player. Developers could design user interfaces in XAML, just like WPF
desktop applications. With version 2 released in 2008, Silverlight also included
a subset of the .NET framework class libraries. This made it easy for experienced
.NET developers to use it for developing cross platform rich internet applications.
However, with the decline of browser plugins in favor of HTML and JavaScript based
1
Q1. Which platforms can
I develop applications for
using the .NET framework?
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The Absolutely Awesome Book on C# and .NET
18
applications, its popularity decreased. Its last major version was Silverlight 5, released
in 2011. Today Silverlight applications are still supported only in Internet Explorer on
Windows.
With the release of Windows Phone 7 in 2010, Microsoft released a new .NET
implementation based on Silverlight. Again, XAML was used for designing the user
interface and this release included a subset of the .NET framework class libraries. The
end result was more similar to Silverlight than to the full .NET framework. Windows
Phone Silverlight (as it is now referred as) was the main framework for developing
Windows Phone applications up to and including Windows Phone 8. Applications
developed on it still works on the latest version of Windows Phone, i.e. Windows 10
Mobile Fall Creators Update, but they don’t have access to the new features of the
operating system.
In 2012, Windows 8 introduced Windows Runtime (or WinRT for short) – a new set of
APIs for Windows applications, including a XAML based UI framework. When consumed
from C#, a subset of full .NET framework class libraries could be used with it as well.
Applications written in WinRT can run on Windows 8 or later, on Windows Phone 8.1,
on Windows 10 Mobile, and on the now discontinued Windows RT operating system for
ARM-based devices. They run in a sandboxed environment even on desktop computers,
restricting direct access to the le system and communication with other applications.
They are distributed through Microsoft Store (formerly named Windows Store) and
need to go through an approval process before they are published. The current name
for this development platform is Windows Store.
The next version of WinRT was named Universal Windows Platform (UWP) and was
released along with Windows 10 in the year 2015. Applications written on it could
run on even more platforms: Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Windows 10 IoT Core
(targeting Raspberry Pi 2 or 3 and similar devices), Windows 10 Holographic (running
on Microsoft HoloLens and other mixed reality headsets), and Xbox One. UWP is based
on WinRT and supports an ever increasing subset of .NET class libraries and XAML for
user interface design. Applications are still run in a sandbox and distributed through
Microsoft Store.
The latest .NET implementation by Microsoft is .NET Core, rst released in 2016.
.NET Core is an open source re-implementation of the full .NET framework, available
for Windows, macOS and Linux. It provides a subset of the .NET class libraries, which
grew much larger with the release of .NET Core version 2.0 in 2017. It supports
development of console applications and ASP.NET Core based web applications for all
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SECTION I - .NET and the Common Language Runme (CLR)
19
supported operating systems. .NET Core Version 3.0 (planned for release in 2019) will
add support for Windows Forms and WPF based Windows desktop applications. Entity
Framework 6.0 will also be supported in .NET Core 3.0.
Independent of Microsoft, programmer Miguel de Icaza, who is now a Distinguished
Engineer at Microsoft, developed an open source implementation of the .NET
framework for Linux, named Mono. Since the release of version 1 in 2004, it is
continuously evolving. Today it supports a large subset of .NET class libraries, including
Windows Forms for desktop application development and ASP.NET for web application
development. It runs on a large number of operating systems, including Linux, macOS,
Sun Solaris, BSD, Windows, and even gaming consoles, such as Sony PlayStation 4 and
Xbox One. Earlier versions of Mono also offered support for Nintendo Wii and Sony
PlayStation 3. An important complement to the gaming console support in Mono
was MonoGame, an open source reimplementation of the abandoned Microsoft XNA
Framework for game development, originally supported on Windows, Windows Phone
and Xbox 360. With Mono, MonoGame games can now run on most computers and
operating systems.
Xamarin is a .NET implementation based on Mono, which supports the development
for iOS, Android and macOS. It was developed by Miguel de Icaza’s company of the
same name. Microsoft acquired Xamarin in 2016. Its development model is based on
a subset of .NET class libraries, combined with the ability to invoke native APIs of
each supported platform. Additionally, Xamarin.Forms, a XAML based user interface
framework can be used for development of common user interfaces for iOS, Android
and Windows Mobile applications.
Mono is also used in Unity 3D, a cross platform game development engine, which
currently supports over 25 different platforms, including mobile, desktop, gaming
consoles, virtual reality and augmented reality platforms. Although the game
development mostly takes advantage of the proprietary Unity 3D game engine, the
recommended scripting language is C# and takes advantage of a subset of .NET class
libraries.
The latest .NET runtime is Tizen.NET. It is developed by Samsung and runs on their
Linux based Tizen operating system for smartphones, smart TVs, wearable devices and
other types of devices. It is based on .NET Core, but also takes advantage of Xamarin.
Forms as the user interface framework.
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The Absolutely Awesome Book on C# and .NET
20
Table 1: Overview of supported platforms for each .NET implementation
Taking into account all of the listed implementations, .NET framework can be used
today to develop at least some types of applications for most of the actively developed
platforms and operating systems.
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