硬派学习：Python编程入门实战教程

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"《硬派学习Python》(Learn Python the Hard Way) 是Zed Shaw所著的一本计算机科学入门教材，属于其'硬派系列'(HardWay Series)的一部分。该书第三版专为那些希望通过实践和深入理解来快速掌握编程的人设计，强调通过编写实际代码实现教学目标。这本书的独特之处在于它包含一系列简短、易于理解的练习，每个练习都旨在引导读者逐步构建可以工作的软件。作者Zed Shaw注重对每个练习进行严格的测试，确保它们能够经受得住真实学生的学习挑战，从而增加读者成功学习的可能性。此外，每本书还配有一系列视频教程，帮助读者跟随着代码一步步前进，同时融入了一些幽默元素和内部笑话，使得学习过程既有趣又富有启发性。本书特别适合初学者，它提供了一个从零开始的简单介绍，带你进入计算机和编码这个看似复杂但又迷人无比的世界。通过这本书，读者不仅能够学习Python语言，还能培养解决问题、逻辑思维和动手能力。在informit.com/hardway网站上，你可以找到完整的出版物列表，包括其他相关的硬派系列书籍。为了保持联系，访问informit.com/socialconnect以获取作者的最新动态和互动机会。《硬派学习Python》是一本实用且寓教于乐的资源，无论是对于希望系统学习编程的新手，还是希望提升技能的现有开发者，都是一个值得投入时间和精力去深入学习的宝贵资源。"

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xvCONTENTS

Exercise 12: View a File (less, MORE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Do This . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

You Learned This . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Do More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Exercise 13: Stream a File (cat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Do This . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

You Learned This . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Do More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Exercise 14: Remove a File (rm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Do This . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

You Learned This . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Do More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Exercise 15: Exit Your Terminal (exit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Do This . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

You Learned This . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Do More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Command Line Next Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Unix Bash References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

PowerShell References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

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Preface

his simple book is meant to get you started in programming. The title says it’s the hard way to

learn to write code, but it’s actually not. It’s only the “hard” way because it uses a technique

called instruction. Instruction is where I tell you to do a sequence of controlled exercises designed

to build a skill through repetition. This technique works very well with beginners who know noth-

ing and need to acquire basic skills before they can understand more complex topics. It’s used in

everything from martial arts to music to even basic math and reading skills.

This book instructs you in Python by slowly building and establishing skills through techniques like

practice and memorization, then applying them to increasingly difﬁ cult problems. By the end of

the book, you will have the tools needed to begin learning more complex programming topics. I

like to tell people that my book gives you your “programming black belt.” What this means is that

you know the basics well enough to now start learning programming.

If you work hard, take your time, and build these skills, you will learn to code.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Angela for helping me with the ﬁ rst two versions of this book. Without her,

I probably wouldn’t have bothered to ﬁ nish it at all. She did the copy editing of the ﬁ rst draft and

supported me immensely while I wrote it.

I’d also like to thank Greg Newman for doing the cover art for the ﬁ rst two editions, Brian Shu-

mate for early website designs, and all the people who read previous editions of this book and

took the time to send me feedback and corrections.

Thank you.

The Hard Way Is Easier

With the help of this book, you will do the incredibly simple things that all programmers do to

learn a programming language:

1. Go through each exercise.

2. Type in each sample exactly.

3. Make it run.

That’s it. This will be very difﬁ cult at ﬁ rst, but stick with it. If you go through this book and do each

exercise for one or two hours a night, you will have a good foundation for moving on to another

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LEARN PYTHON THE HARD WAY

book. You might not really learn “programming” from this book, but you will learn the founda-

tion skills you need to start learning the language.

This book’s job is to teach you the three most essential skills that a beginning programmer needs

to know: reading and writing, attention to detail, and spotting differences.

Reading and Writing

It seems stupidly obvious, but if you have a problem typing, you will have a problem learning to

code. Especially if you have a problem typing the fairly odd characters in source code. Without

this simple skill, you will be unable to learn even the most basic things about how software works.

Typing the code samples and getting them to run will help you learn the names of the symbols,

get you familiar with typing them, and get you reading the language.

Attention to Detail

The one skill that separates bad programmers from good programmers is attention to detail. In

fact, it’s what separates the good from the bad in any profession. Without paying attention to the

tiniest details of your work, you will miss key elements of what you create. In programming, this

is how you end up with bugs and difﬁ cult- to- use systems.

By going through this book and copying each example exactly, you will be training your brain to

focus on the details of what you are doing, as you are doing it.

Spotting Differences

A very important skill—which most programmers develop over time— is the ability to visually

notice differences between things. An experienced programmer can take two pieces of code

that are slightly different and immediately start pointing out the differences. Programmers have

invented tools to make this even easier, but we won’t be using any of these. You ﬁ rst have to train

your brain the hard way—then you can use the tools.

While you do these exercises, typing each one in, you will make mistakes. It’s inevitable; even seasoned

programmers make a few. Your job is to compare what you have written to what’s required and ﬁ x

all the differences. By doing so, you will train yourself to notice mistakes, bugs, and other problems.

Do Not Copy- Paste

You must type each of these exercises in, manually. If you copy and paste, you might as well just

not even do them. The point of these exercises is to train your hands, your brain, and your mind

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3PREFACE

in how to read, write, and see code. If you copy- paste, you are cheating yourself out of the effec-

tiveness of the lessons.

A Note on Practice and Persistence

While you are studying programming, I’m studying how to play guitar. I practice it every day for

at least two hours a day. I play scales, chords, and arpeggios for an hour at least and then learn

music theory, ear training, songs, and anything else I can. Some days I study guitar and music for

eight hours because I feel like it and it’s fun. To me, repetitive practice is natural and is just how

to learn something. I know that to get good at anything you have to practice every day, even if

I suck that day (which is often) or it’s difﬁ cult. Keep trying and eventually it’ll be easier and fun.

As you study this book and continue with programming, remember that anything worth doing

is difﬁ cult at ﬁ rst. Maybe you are the kind of person who is afraid of failure, so you give up at

the ﬁ rst sign of difﬁ culty. Maybe you never learned self- discipline, so you can’t do anything that’s

“boring.” Maybe you were told that you are “gifted,” so you never attempt anything that might

make you seem stupid or not a prodigy. Maybe you are competitive and unfairly compare yourself

to someone like me who’s been programming for 20+ years.

Whatever your reason for wanting to quit, keep at it. Force yourself. If you run into a Study Drill

you can’t do or a lesson you just do not understand, then skip it and come back to it later. Just

keep going because with programming there’s this very odd thing that happens. At ﬁ rst, you will

not understand anything. It’ll be weird, just like with learning any human language. You will

struggle with words and not know what symbols are what, and it’ll all be very confusing. Then

one day—BANG—your brain will snap and you will suddenly “get it.” If you keep doing the exer-

cises and keep trying to understand them, you will get it. You might not be a master coder, but

you will at least understand how programming works.

If you give up, you won’t ever reach this point. You will hit the ﬁ rst confusing thing (which is

everything at ﬁ rst) and then stop. If you keep trying, keep typing it in, trying to understand it and

reading about it, you will eventually get it.

But if you go through this whole book and you still do not understand how to code, at least you

gave it a shot. You can say you tried your best and a little more and it didn’t work out, but at least

you tried. You can be proud of that.

A Warning for the Smarties

Sometimes people who already know a programming language will read this book and feel I’m

insulting them. There is nothing in this book that is intended to be interpreted as condescending,

insulting, or belittling. I simply know more about programming than my intended readers. If you

think you are smarter than me, then you will feel talked down to and there’s nothing I can do

about that because you are not my intended reader.

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