ZEMAX软件入门指南：从安装到优化

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"ODZ_Getting_Started_With_ZEMAX_version2.1.pdf" 是一份关于ZEMAX软件的入门指南，包含了从安装到高级功能的7个章节，适用于光学设计的学习和实践。 1. 关于本指南 (ABOUT THIS GUIDE) 这部分可能介绍了指南的目的、受众以及如何有效地利用这份文档来学习ZEMAX的基本操作和概念。 2. 安装ZEMAX (INSTALLING ZEMAX) - 安装关键驱动 (INSTALLING THE KEY DRIVER): 指导用户如何安装ZEMAX运行所必需的驱动程序。 - 安装RZ前提条件 (INSTALLING RZ PREREQUISITES): 提供了安装ZEMAX之前需要的任何软件或系统配置的步骤。 - 安装ZEMAX (INSTALLING ZEMAX): 详述了下载和安装ZEMAX软件的过程。 - 许可代码 (LICENSE CODES): 解释如何输入和管理ZEMAX的许可证密钥。 - 网络密钥和客户端 (NETWORK KEYS AND CLIENTS): 针对网络许可的设置和管理进行说明。 - 故障排除 (TROUBLESHOOTING): 提供了解决安装过程中可能出现的问题的方法。 - 自定义ZEMAX安装 (CUSTOMIZING YOUR ZEMAX INSTALLATION): 介绍如何根据个人需求调整ZEMAX的安装设置。 3. ZEMAX用户界面 (THE ZEMAX USER INTERFACE) - 镜头数据编辑器 (THE LENS DATA EDITOR): 介绍用于创建和编辑光学系统的基本工具。 - 分析窗口 (ANALYSIS WINDOWS): 讲解不同类型的分析视图，如像质评估、光路图等。 - 系统菜单 (THE SYSTEM MENU): 描述了菜单栏中的各种选项和功能。 - 规范化坐标系统 (THE NORMALIZED COORDINATE SYSTEM): 解释了ZEMAX中使用的标准化坐标系统。 - 定义及定位表面 (DEFINING & POSITIONING SURFACES): 如何创建和移动光学表面。 - 三维工作 (WORKING IN THREE DIMENSIONS): 教导用户在三维空间中操作和查看光学系统。 - 多配置 (MULTIPLE CONFIGURATIONS): 说明如何处理和管理多个设计配置。 - 导出到机械CAD包 (EXPORTING TO MECHANICAL CAD PACKAGES): 介绍了将光学设计数据转换到机械设计软件的流程。 - 总结 (SUMMARY): 对本章内容的简要回顾。 4. 优化 (OPTIMIZATION) - 镜头规格 (THE LENS SPECIFICATION): 阐述了如何定义镜头的设计目标。 - 基本系统输入 (ENTERING THE BASIC SYSTEM): 如何设置初始参数和条件。 - 设置变量 (SETTING VARIABLES): 介绍了可优化参数的选择和管理。 - 定义优度函数 (DEFINING THE MERIT FUNCTION): 讲解如何构建和定制评价系统性能的指标。 - 优化镜头 (OPTIMIZING THE LENS): 说明了执行优化过程的步骤。 - 锤子优化器 (THE HAMMER OPTIMIZER): 一种特定的优化算法，可能提供了更快速或更精细的优化策略。 - 是否足够的场点？ (ARE THERE ENOUGH FIELD POINTS?): 讨论了优化过程中场点选择的重要性。 - 玻璃优化 (GLASS OPTIMIZATION): 专门针对选择合适光学玻璃进行优化的策略。 - 成功优化提示 (TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL OPTIMIZATION): 提供了一些实用技巧和最佳实践。 5. 非序列光线追踪（EE ONLY） (NON-SEQUENTIAL RAY TRACING (EE ONLY)) - 简单示例 (A SIMPLE EXAMPLE): 通过实例解释非序列光线追踪的基本用法。 - 物体定位与定义 (OBJECT POSITIONING & DEFINITION): 如何在非序列模式下放置和描述物体。 - 结合顺序和非顺序 (COMBINING SEQUENTIAL AND NON-SEQUENTIAL): 展示如何在同一个设计中同时使用两种追踪方式。 6. 偏振、涂层和散射（EE ONLY） (POLARIZATION, COATINGS & SCATTERING (EE ONLY)) - 这一章可能涉及了如何模拟光的偏振效应、光学表面的涂层属性以及散射现象。 7. 下一步？ (WHAT’S NEXT?) 可能包含了进阶学习路径的建议，或者指出了其他可用的资源和工具，以帮助用户进一步提升ZEMAX的使用技能。这份文档对于想要学习和精通ZEMAX光学设计软件的人来说是宝贵的资源，涵盖了从基础安装到高级功能的全面内容。通过逐步学习和实践，用户可以掌握如何利用ZEMAX进行光学系统的建模、分析和优化。

Page 13 of 74

3.3.3 The Wavelength Dialog Box

The wavelengths dialog box, defined under SystemWavelength or by pressing the

‘Wav’ button, is used to set wavelengths, weights, and the primary wavelength of the

system.

Wavelengths are always entered in microns. Wavelength weights can be used to define

relative spectral intensity, or simply to define which wavelengths are most important in a

design. The ‘primary’ wavelength is used as a default wavelength: for example, if asked

to compute effective focal length, ZEMAX will compute it at the primary wavelength if no

wavelength is specified.

3.4 The Normalized Coordinate System

Because there are six ways to define system aperture, and four ways to define field of

view, it is convenient to work in normalized coordinates. When performing the initial

setup of your system you should choose the most appropriate aperture definition, and

the most appropriate field definition, and enter the data for both of these. Subsequently,

all calculations use normalized units, and you do not have to refer to the specific values

entered or definitions used.

3.4.1 Normalized Field Coordinates

Normalized field coordinates H

and H

are used throughout ZEMAX, its documentation,

and in the wider optical design literature. The normalized field coordinate (0, 1), for

example, is always at the top of the field of view in y, whether the field points are

defined as angles or heights, and regardless of the magnitude of the field coordinates.

Similarly the field coordinate (0,0) is always at the center of the field of view.

For example, suppose 3 field points are defined in the (x, y) directions using object

height in lens units of millimeters at (0, 0), (10, 0), and (0, 3). The field point with the

maximum radial coordinate is the second field point, and the maximum radial field is

therefore 10 mm. The normalized coordinate (H

=0, H

= 1) refers to the location on the

object surface (as the field of view is defined in object height) of x= 0, y =10 mm. The

normalized coordinate (H

= 1, H

= 0) refers to the object surface location (10, 0).

You can then define any point within the field of view of the lens by its (Hx, Hy)

coordinates, as long as H

+ H

≤ 1.

This is referred to as radial field normalization, as the normalized field coordinates

represent points on a unit circle. ZEMAX also supports rectangular field normalization,

in which the normalized field coordinates represent points on a unit rectangle.

Page 14 of 74

Note: See the User's Manual, chapter 3 “Conventions and Definitions”, for full details of these

conventions and all the basic definitions ZEMAX uses.

3.4.2 Normalized Pupil Coordinates

Similarly, normalized pupil coordinates are also used throughout ZEMAX, its

documentation, and in the wider optical design literature. You define the system

aperture using whatever definition is most useful, and thereafter we use the normalized

pupil coordinates Px and Py to define any point within a unit circle. Therefore, the point

(0,1) represents a point at the top of the bundle of rays entering the system, and (0, 0) is

a point at the center of the ray bundle, no matter what the definition of system aperture

is or what value it has.

3.4.3 Using the Normalized Coordinates

Re-open the double Gauss 28 degree field sample file in order to undo any changes you

may have made in the earlier sections. Open the Field dialog box and note that the field

is defined as angle in degrees, and the maximum field point has a value of 14°. This is a

half-angle, and so the full field of view is 28°.

Note: ZEMAX is always clear on the definitions it uses, but these definitions are not universal in the

optics industry. Always clarify with your customers what definitions they use for important

system specifications to avoid costly errors!

Then open the General dialog box, and under the aperture tab note that the system

aperture is defined as Entrance Pupil Diameter, value 33.33. Go to the Units tab to see

that the lens units are millimeters, so the EPD is 33.33 mm.

Lastly, open the Wavelength dialog box and note that the design uses three

wavelengths, at 0.4861, 0.5876 and 0.6563 microns respectively. The primary

wavelength is set as wavelength number 2, which is 0.5876 microns.

Now click on AnalysisCalculationsRay Trace. This is the most fundamental

calculation in ZEMAX: the tracing of a single ray. Right-mouse click on this window to

bring up its Settings dialog box:

Page 15 of 74

Note how you can define any ray by where it starts on the object surface in normalized

, H

) coordinates, and where it goes to in the pupil in normalized (P

, P

) coordinates.

Try tracing some rays, and look at the data provided by this feature. You are given the

(x,y,z) position of the ray, the direction cosines of the ray, and the path length of the ray

at each surface of the system. This is the fundamental data on which all the calculations

in sequential ray tracing are based.

Note also that instead of defining ‘arbitrary’ field coordinates (H

, H

) you can also define

the starting coordinates of the ray by the field point number:

Since field point 3 defined the maximum radial field, it is at (0, 1) in normalized field

coordinates. Field point 2 is likewise at (0, .714) and field point 1 is at (0, 0). Depending

on the Analysis feature selected, field points can be defined by either their field point

number (as entered in the Field dialog box) or by their (H

, H

) values.

3.5 Defining & Positioning Surfaces

In ‘sequential’ lens design, light always starts at surface 0, the ‘object’ surface, and is

traced to surface 1, then surface 2, then 3 etc. It therefore makes sense to position

surfaces relative to each other. Returning to the double Gauss sample file, look at the

Lens Data Editor, and click on surface 1. Note that this surface is drawn in red in the

Layout plots when you click on it in the editor.

Rays propagate from left to right in the layout, and this direction is the +Z axis. The +Y

axis goes from the bottom to the top of the window, and the +X axis goes ‘into’ the

screen. If you position your right hand, such that your middle finger is touching surface 1

in the layout window and points into the screen, your index finger is pointing towards the

right hand of the screen, and your thumb is pointing upwards, you have the classic ‘right

hand coordinate system’ used throughout ZEMAX and in most of the optical design

literature.

Also, observe that as you move your mouse over the layout window, the coordinates of

the mouse pointer are shown in the title bar of the window:

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