"智慧高速公路运营的最佳实践：Austroads 2022.pdf"

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The Best Practice in Smart Motorways Operations report, published by Austroads Ltd in 2022, provides valuable insights and guidelines for the effective operation of smart highways. The report stresses the importance of implementing advanced technologies and intelligent systems to optimize traffic flow, improve safety, and enhance overall road network efficiency. Key factors highlighted in the report include proactive traffic management, real-time data collection and analysis, effective communication systems, and collaboration between stakeholders. By following these best practices, transportation authorities and road operators can achieve significant benefits in terms of reduced congestion, fewer accidents, and enhanced user experience. The report serves as a comprehensive guide for implementing smart motorways operations, leading to a more sustainable and efficient transportation system for the future.

Best Practice in Smart Motorways Operations

Austroads 2022 | page 7

Part I: Models and Frameworks

Best Practice in Smart Motorways Operations

Austroads 2022 | page 8

2. Scope of Traffic/Transport Management

Centre Services

This section provides an overview of transport operations that directly or indirectly affect motorways and

involve Traffic Management Centres (TMCs). This section provides insight into how motorway operations

can limit or enhance the success of wider transport operations.

The operation of smart motorways is a subset of broader transport operations. These other operations either

hav

e a direct impact (e.g. arterial signal operations causing congestion back on to the motorway) or indirect

impact (e.g. a well-run public transport operation can reduce the demand for cars using the motorway) on the

outcomes of motorway operations.

This section introduces different types of operations that are often included under the banner of ‘motorway

operations’.

Understanding the different type of operations will assist the reader when working through these guidelines

to establish which sections and guidance are most applicable to their type of operation.

Section 2.2 provides more information on Traffic Management Centres (TMCs) and their divisions.

2.1 Different Types of Operations

Table 2.1 lists different types of operations across transport, with ‘Standard Motorway Operations’ being a

core focus of these guidelines.

Table 2.1: Different types of operations

Type of operation Description

Standard Motorway

Operations

Also sometimes known as ‘live operations’, and includes the following activities:

• Traffic Flow Operations – active management of traffic control devices to optimise the

flow of traffic during normal and peak times, as well as during planned events, such as

construction works and public events i.e. parades.

• Incident Operations – reactive management of the impacts of unexpected events with a

focus on keeping the incident site safe and reducing the resulting congestion.

• Faults Management – monitoring and resolution of faults with the networks, ITS systems

and field devices to ensure their availability and proper functioning to support live

operations.

Tunnel Operations Operations involving tunnel systems, such as the monitoring and active management of

the tunnel lighting, HVAC, fire and life detection and other safety systems to ensure the

safe use of the tunnel.

Bridge Operations

While it is rare for bridges to require more than the standard motorway operations, some

large bridges (e.g. Tasman Bridge in Hobart, Tasmania) have dedicated incident response

vehicles. Opening bridges – where bridges are able to open to allow water traffic pass

beneath – may also require specific operational activities.

Traffic Signal

Operations

The live management of traffic signal devices at motorway interface with arterials and local

roads. The TOC includes control systems that may use real time mid-block data.

Best Practice in Smart Motorways Operations

Austroads 2022 | page 9

Type of operation Description

Busway Operations

The live management of vehicle movements along the busway ’road’ or dedicated lane in

both travel directions.

Public Transport

Facilities Operations

The live management of public transport facilities such as bus stations, train stations and

ferry terminals. These operations include the management of transit stop/berth allocation,

public safety, special events and traveller information located at the public transport

facilities.

Public Transport

Operations

The live management of public transport services (such as bus, light rail, train or ferry)

along dedicated routes. These operations include the management of breakdowns,

passenger safety, fleet allocation, incidents, timetable scheduling, special events and

communications.

Traffic Signal Special

Event Operations

The management of a particular type of special event where a vehicle or group of vehicles

is provided with a run of green traffic light signals along a specified route, often called a

‘Green Wave’. A common example would be to manage a state dignitary moving from the

airport to a central city location, in conjunction with the police.

Backup Operations Where one TMC or control centre takes over from another during ‘after hours’. This is

when the TMC cannot justify operating 24/7 and (usually) allocates to another centre, low-

level operations, such as fault management, basic traffic control and incident management.

This response could also apply as a disaster recovery option.

2.2 Traffic Management Centres (TMCs)

2.2.1 Context

Traffic Management Centres (TMCs) are the focus of this section. TMCs are also known as ‘Transport

Management Centres’ or ‘Transport Operation Centres’ in different jurisdictions across Australia and New

Zealand.

A vision for TMCs as described by Transport for NSW is: ‘[The] TMC exists to lead planning and coordination

for the proactive real-time management of the Transport Network enabling seamless, safe and reliable

journeys for our customers’ (Transport for NSW 2020a).

The ‘Transport Operations Room’ or ‘Control Room’ is where the live operations and related activities are

carried out in the TMC of some jurisdictions.

Transport for NSW have also produced a useful presentation on the future of their Multi-Modal TMC that

looks towards 2056 (Transport for NSW 2019a).

2.2.2 General Description

The role of TMCs or equivalent motorway operations teams (Austroads 2020a) is defined as providing an

integrated and focused platform for:

• monitoring the road network

• commanding traffic operations on the network

• coordinating the management of incident responses, planned disruptions and special events

• controlling traffic through control systems at its disposal

• disseminating traffic information to the media and service providers.

The scale and size of TMCs vary across Austroads’ member agencies, from large 24/7 purpose-built centres

in major cities to small rooms with part-time workstations in smaller cities.

Best Practice in Smart Motorways Operations

Austroads 2022 | page 10

Table 2.2 below provides an example showing the possible hours of operation for different scales of

operational needs.

Table 2.2: Example levels of service for varying scales of operations

Scale Level of Service

Occasional Special Event and/or Major Incident Response

Peak Peak period coverage (8 hrs/5 days a week) – for example 6 to 10 am and 3 to 7 pm

Daytime Short weekday coverage (12 hrs/5 days a week) – for example 7 am till 7 pm

Daytime Plus Long weekday coverage (16 hrs/5 days a week) – for example 6 am to 10 pm

Continuous Coverage Continuous coverage (24 hrs/7 days a week)

Source: Adapted from ACT traffic management centre feasibility study (Roads ACT with ARRB 2009)

TMCs can also be established to support one or more than one type of motorway operations. For example,

motorway, arterial and local road operations (such as traffic signals) may operate from the same TMC.

Larger TMCs have also integrated other activities such as tunnel management, public transport operations

and special event management.

TMC teams are usually focussed on motorway operations, but they may also be responsible for other

transport operations within the jurisdiction.

For example, the Transport for NSW TMC has different teams to monitor and manage the state road network

operations as well as to coordinate aspects of public transport operations (bus, rail, and ferry networks)

during peak commuter travel times, special events and unplanned incidents.

Motorway operations can be grouped differently. Some jurisdictions across Australia and New Zealand may

have all operations managed from a single TMC (typically in a single organisation e.g. Transport for NSW

TMC). Other jurisdictions may manage their operations in separate TMCs (possibly for multiple agencies)

requiring a higher level of coordination or integration.

2.2.3 TMC Collaboration

In a number of locations, different jurisdictions have collaborated to either work from the same TMC or to

work together to form a single joint operation (possibly within an established shared facility). Joint operations

can be effective when motorways, state highways and local roads are run by different jurisdictions or

organisations.

For example, experienced police may directly collaborate with incident management planners to share

lessons learned across a range of incident types. In comparison, the Auckland Transport Operations Centre

(ATOC) is a joint operation that involves Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency (motorways and state highways)

and Auckland Transport (local roads).

2.2.4 Relationships between Different TMCs

Other specialised traffic control centres can complement TMCs, such as toll road control centres, control

rooms for major tunnels and private motorway TMCs. Communications are essential to delivering successful

operations and coordination, between any specialised centre and the principal TMC.

In South Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, privately held motorways are managed by their private

asset owner/operators. On these private motorways, the primary role of the transport agency TMC is one of

coordination to ensure efficient traffic management across the wider road network throughout the state.

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