Rails 4 移动开发实战：Agile Web Development with Rails 2013解读

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"Agile Web Development with Rails 2013 英文" 这本《Agile Web Development with Rails 4》是针对Ruby on Rails框架的一本权威指南，由Sam Ruby、Dave Thomas和David Heinemeier Hansson共同撰写，旨在帮助开发者通过敏捷方法构建实际的Web应用程序。该书在Rails社区内具有很高的影响力，甚至被Rails核心团队用作测试套件的一部分。Rails框架发展迅速，而这本书始终与之同步，提供了最新的幕后洞察。作者Jeremy Kemper，作为Rails核心团队成员，高度评价了这本书，认为它是学习和掌握Rails的必备资源。Aaron Patterson，同样身为Rails和Ruby核心团队的成员，称赞本书能帮助读者快速上手Ruby和Rails，并建议作者Sam Ruby改名为“Sam Rails”，以彰显其在Rails领域的权威地位。资深开发者Stephen Orr表示，他通过早期版本的《Agile Web Development with Rails》开始了Ruby的学习之旅，多年后的今天，这本书仍然是学习Rails的最佳资源之一，且最新版已更新至Rails 4，保持了与时俱进。书中涵盖了从基础到高级的Rails开发知识，包括但不限于模型-视图-控制器（MVC）架构、ActiveRecord数据库交互、Rails路由、TDD/BDD实践、Scaffold生成器、RESTful设计原则、资产管道、AJAX和JavaScript集成、安全性和性能优化等方面。此外，它还强调了敏捷开发的方法，如迭代开发、用户故事、持续集成和反馈循环等，这些都是现代Web开发不可或缺的部分。对于初学者，本书提供了一个全面的入门路径，而对有经验的开发者来说，它则是一个深入理解Rails框架和最佳实践的重要参考。无论是独立开发者还是团队成员，都能从中受益，提升开发效率和代码质量。通过阅读和实践，读者将能够构建出高效、可维护的Web应用，同时也能跟上Rails框架的最新进展。

Ruby-specific construct for the first time, we’ll cross-reference it to that

chapter.

:name

↪

on page 38

For example, this paragraph contains a gratuitous use of

:name

, a Ruby

symbol. In formats that support margins, you’ll see a reference to where

symbols are explained.

Live Code

Most of the code snippets we show come from full-length, running exam-

ples that you can download.

To help you find your way, if a code listing can be found in the download,

there’ll be a bar before the snippet (just like the one here).

Download rails40/demo1/app/controllers/say_controller.rb

class SayController < ApplicationController

def hello

➤

end

➤

def goodbye

end

This contains the path to the code within the download. If you’re reading

the ebook version of this book and your ebook viewer supports hyperlinks,

you can click the bar, and the code should appear in a browser window.

Some browsers may mistakenly try to interpret some of the HTML tem-

plates as HTML. If this happens, view the source of the page to see the

real source code.

And in some cases involving the modification of an existing file where the

lines to be changed may not be immediately obvious, you will also see

some helpful little triangles on the left of the lines that you will need to

change. Two such lines are indicated in the previous code.

David Says…

Every now and then you’ll come across a “David Says…” sidebar. Here’s

where David Heinemeier Hansson gives you the real scoop on some par-

ticular aspect of Rails—rationales, tricks, recommendations, and more.

Because he’s the fellow who invented Rails, these are the sections to read

if you want to become a Rails pro.

Joe Asks…

Joe, the mythical developer, sometimes pops up to ask questions about

stuff we talk about in the text. We answer these questions as we go along.

Introduction • xvi

report erratum • discuss

Prepared exclusively for Sam E.

This book isn’t meant to be a reference manual for Rails. Our experience is

that reference manuals are not the way most people learn. Instead, we show

most of the modules and many of their methods, either by example or narra-

tively in the text, in the context of how these components are used and how

they fit together.

Nor do we have hundreds of pages of API listings. There’s a good reason for

this—you get that documentation whenever you install Rails, and it’s guaran-

teed to be more up-to-date than the material in this book. If you install Rails

using RubyGems (which we recommend), simply start the gem documentation

server (using the command

gem server

), and you can access all the Rails APIs

by pointing your browser at

http://localhost:8808

. You will find out in A Place for

Documentation, on page 265 how to build even more documentation and guides.

In addition, you will see that Rails helps you by producing responses that

clearly identify any error found, as well as traces that tell you not only the

point at which the error was found but also how you got there. You can see

an example in Figure 25, Our application spills its guts., on page 124. If you

need additional information, peek ahead to Section 10.2, Iteration E2: Handling

Errors, on page 124 to see how to insert logging statements.

Should you get really stuck, there are plenty of online resources to help. In

addition to the code listings mentioned, there is a forum,

where you can ask

questions and share experiences; an errata page,

where you can report bugs;

and a wiki,

where you can discuss the exercises found throughout the book.

These resources are shared resources. Feel free to post not only questions

and problems to the forum and wiki but also any suggestions and answers

you may have to questions that others may have posted.

Let’s get started! The first steps are to install Ruby and Rails and to verify

the installation with a simple demonstration.

3. http://forums.pragprog.com/forums/148

4. http://www.pragprog.com/titles/rails4/errata

5. http://www.pragprog.com/wikis/wiki/RailsPlayTime

report erratum • discuss

Introduction • xvii

Prepared exclusively for Sam E.

1.1 Installing on Windows

The easiest way to install Rails on Windows is by using the RailsInstaller

package. At the time of this writing, the latest version of RailsInstaller is

version 2.2.1, which includes Ruby 1.9.3 and Rails 3.2. Until a new version

is released that supports Rails 4.0.0 or Ruby 2.0, feel free to use version 2.1

of RailsInstaller to get you started.

Base installation is a snap. After you download, click Run and then click

Next. Select “I accept all of the Licenses” (after reading them carefully of

course) and then click Next, Install, and Finish.

This opens a command window and prompts you for your name and email.

This is only to set up the git version control system. For the purposes of the

exercises in this book, you won’t need to worry about the ssh key that is

generated.

Close this window and open a new command prompt. On Windows 8, type

cmd

on the tile-based Start screen and press Enter. On versions of Windows

prior to Windows 8, select Windows Start, select Run..., enter

cmd

, and click

OK.

Windows 8 users need to perform the additional step of installing node.js.

Once this is complete, close the command window and open a new one for

the changes to

%PATH%

to take effect. Verify that the installation is correct by

entering the command

node -v

If you have trouble, try looking for suggestions on the Troubleshooting page

on the RubyInstaller site.

As long as the version of RailsInstaller you used installed a version of Ruby

that is 1.9.3 or greater, there is no need to upgrade to a newer version of

Ruby. Please skip to Section 1.4, Choosing a Rails Version, on page 8 to

ensure that the version of Rails you have installed matches the version

described in this edition. See you there.

1.2 Installing on Mac OS X

Since Mac OS X ships with Ruby 1.8.7, you’ll need to download a newer ver-

sion of Ruby that works with Rails 4.0. The easiest way to do this is to use

RailsInstaller, which at the time of this writing installs Ruby 1.9.3. A second

1. http://railsinstaller.org/

2. http://nodejs.org/download/

3. https://github.com/oneclick/rubyinstaller/wiki/Troubleshooting

Chapter 1. Installing Rails • 4

report erratum • discuss

Prepared exclusively for Sam E.

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