High Power Laser Science and Engineering, (2020), Vol. 8, e41, 7 pages.
doi:
10.1017/hpl.2020.40
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Laser-induced damage thresholds of ultrathin targets and
their constraint on laser contrast in laser-driven ion
acceleration experiments
Dahui Wang
1,2
, Yinren Shou
1
, Pengjie Wang
1
, Jianbo Liu
1
, Zhusong Mei
1
,
Zhengxuan Cao
1
, Jianmin Zhang
2
, Pengling Yang
2
, Guobin Feng
2
,
Shiyou Chen
1
, Yanying Zhao
1
, Joerg Schreiber
3
, and Wenjun Ma
1
1
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2
State Key Laborartory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
3
Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-85748 Garching, Germany
(Received 8 August 2020; revised 26 September 2020; accepted 26 October 2020)
Abstract
Single-shot laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) measurements of multi-type free-standing ultrathin foils were
performed in a vacuum environment for 800 nm laser pulses with durations τ ranging from 50 fs to 200 ps. The
results show that the laser damage threshold fluences (DTFs) of the ultrathin foils are significantly lower than those
of corresponding bulk materials. Wide band gap dielectric targets such as SiN and formvar have larger DTFs than
semiconductive and conductive targets by 1–3 orders of magnitude depending on the pulse duration. The damage
mechanisms for different types of targets are studied. Based on the measurement, the constrain of the LIDTs on the
laser contrast is discussed.
Keywords: laser-induced damage threshold; ultrathin targets; laser-driven ion acceleration
1. Introduction
The application of chirped-pulse amplification (CPA)
in solid lasers has realized the output of lasers with
femtosecond duration and petawatt-class power
[
1,2]
. Inter-
action of such ultra-intense laser pulses with thin foils
has generated protons up to 100 MeV and carbon
ions close to 600 MeV (see Refs. [
3–10]), which has
potential applications in the fields of hadron therapy,
fast-ignition laser fusion, isotope production, and proton
radiography
[
11–14]
. In particular, when the thicknesses of
the foils are in the range of several nanometers to a
few tens of nanometers, quasi-monoenergetic ions can be
generated in the scheme of radiation pressure acceleration
(RPA)
[
15–17]
. When ultrathin targets are used, the damage
caused by the prepulse energy should be avoided. For
a high-power laser pulse wit h a contrast of 10
7
–10
9
and
intensity of ~10
20
W/cm
2
, the prepulse intensity of amplified
Correspondence to: Wenjun Ma, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear
Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. E-mail:
wenjun.ma@pku.edu.cn
spontaneous emission (ASE) or prepulses is in the range of
10
11
–10
13
W/cm
2
, which is high enough to damage
many targets and significantly influence the acceleration
process
[
18–20]
. For the upcoming 10 PW class laser facilities
such as ELI
[
21,22]
, the prepulse intensity will scale up with the
increasing peak power. Hence, the choice of target material
that can survive the prepulse energy would be a crucial issue
for laser-driven ion acceleration.
Ultrathin free-standing foils made of different materials,
such as metal, graphite, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and
transparent polymers, have been employed as targets in laser
ion acceleration experiments for years. Kim et al. reported
the generation of 93 MeV protons by using 15 nm formvar,
a kind of transparent polymer, as targets irradiated by a
PW laser [3]. Prencipe et al. reviewed the ultrathin targets
used for ion acceleration and the corresponding fabrication
techniques, emphasizing that ultrahigh laser contrast is a pre-
requisite for this application
[
23]
. The contrast of the laser
pulses in many cases imposes a substantial restriction on
the choice of targets. Therefore, the laser-induced damage
thresholds (LIDTs) of the ultrathin targets are essential
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with Chinese Laser Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1