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Linux操作系统全命令指南
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更新于2024-07-26
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"这是一本关于Linux操作系统的完全命令手册,由Red Hat Software, Inc.编纂,旨在提供详尽的Linux命令参考。手册涵盖了Linux操作系统的基础知识和Red Hat的相关信息。"
在Linux操作系统中,命令行是其核心交互方式之一,它提供了高效且灵活的方式来管理系统、执行任务和控制程序。Linux完全命令手册是一本非常重要的资源,对于学习和掌握Linux系统的人来说,它是必不可少的工具。手册通常会包含以下几个主要部分:
1. **基础概念**:这部分会介绍Linux的基本概念,如目录结构(/、/bin、/usr、/home等)、文件权限(读、写、执行)、用户与组的概念,以及命令行界面的基本操作。
2. **命令语法**:每个Linux命令都有特定的语法和选项,手册会详细列出常用命令的用法,如`ls`用于列出目录内容,`cd`用于切换目录,`mv`用于移动或重命名文件,`cp`用于复制文件,`rm`用于删除文件等。
3. **文本处理工具**:Linux命令行提供了一系列强大的文本处理工具,如`grep`用于在文件中搜索特定字符串,`sed`进行文本替换和流编辑,`awk`用于处理结构化数据,以及管道(`|`)和重定向(`>`和`<`)等工具,这些能帮助用户高效地处理文本数据。
4. **系统管理命令**:这些命令用于系统维护和监控,包括`top`显示系统运行状态,`ps`查看进程,`df`和`du`查看磁盘空间,`shutdown`和`reboot`控制系统关机和重启,以及网络相关的命令如`ifconfig`和`ping`。
5. **软件安装与包管理**:在Linux中,包管理器如`apt`(Debian/Ubuntu)和`yum`(RHEL/CentOS)简化了软件的安装和更新,手册会详细介绍如何使用它们。
6. **脚本编程**:Linux shell脚本允许用户编写可执行的命令集合,手册会涵盖`bash`语法,如变量、条件语句、循环和函数。
7. **高级主题**:更深入的主题可能包括进程管理、文件系统、硬件控制、系统日志分析等,以及如何调试和解决常见问题。
8. **索引和参考资料**:手册通常附有完整的命令索引,便于快速查找特定命令,同时可能还包括其他有用的资源链接和参考资料。
Linux完全命令手册是Linux用户和管理员的宝贵资源,无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的用户,都可以从中获取到大量有价值的信息。通过阅读和实践手册中的内容,可以极大地提高你在Linux环境下的工作效率和问题解决能力。
Linux Complete Command Reference
xvi
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
getrlimit, getrusage, setrlimit.............................................................................767
getsid ................................................................................................................768
getsockname......................................................................................................769
getsockopt, setsockopt.......................................................................................769
gettimeofday, settimeofday................................................................................772
getuid, geteuid ..................................................................................................773
idle....................................................................................................................774
ioctl...................................................................................................................774
ioperm ..............................................................................................................788
iopl ...................................................................................................................788
ipc.....................................................................................................................789
kill ....................................................................................................................790
killpg.................................................................................................................790
link ...................................................................................................................791
listen .................................................................................................................792
llseek.................................................................................................................793
lseek..................................................................................................................793
mkdir................................................................................................................794
mknod ..............................................................................................................795
mlock................................................................................................................796
mlockall ............................................................................................................797
mmap, munmap ...............................................................................................799
modify_ldt ........................................................................................................800
get_kernel_syms, create_module, init_module, delete_module .........................800
mount, umount ................................................................................................802
mprotect ...........................................................................................................804
mremap ............................................................................................................805
msgctl ...............................................................................................................806
msgget...............................................................................................................807
msgop ...............................................................................................................808
msync ...............................................................................................................811
munlock............................................................................................................811
munlockall........................................................................................................812
nanosleep ..........................................................................................................813
nice ...................................................................................................................814
oldfstat, oldlstat, oldstat, oldolduname, olduname ............................................814
open, creat ........................................................................................................815
outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl.................................................................816
pause.................................................................................................................817
personality ........................................................................................................817
phys ..................................................................................................................818
pipe...................................................................................................................818
profil.................................................................................................................819
ptrace................................................................................................................820
quotactl.............................................................................................................821
xvii
Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
read...................................................................................................................822
readdir ..............................................................................................................823
readlink.............................................................................................................823
readv, writev......................................................................................................824
reboot ...............................................................................................................825
recv, recvfrom, recvmsg.....................................................................................826
rename ..............................................................................................................828
rmdir ................................................................................................................829
sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min .............................................830
sched_rr_get_interval........................................................................................831
sched_setparam, sched_getparam ......................................................................832
sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler ............................................................833
sched_yield .......................................................................................................835
select, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, FD_SET, FD_ZERO.........................................835
semctl................................................................................................................837
semget...............................................................................................................839
semop ...............................................................................................................840
send, sendto, sendmsg.......................................................................................842
setfsgid..............................................................................................................843
setfsuid..............................................................................................................844
setgid ................................................................................................................845
setpgid, getpgid, setpgrp, getpgrp......................................................................845
setregid, setegid .................................................................................................846
setreuid, seteuid ................................................................................................847
setsid.................................................................................................................848
setuid ................................................................................................................848
setup .................................................................................................................849
shmctl ...............................................................................................................849
shmget ..............................................................................................................851
shmop...............................................................................................................853
shutdown ..........................................................................................................855
sigaction, sigprocmask, sigpending, sigsuspend..................................................855
signal.................................................................................................................857
sigblock, siggetmask, sigsetmask, sigmask..........................................................858
sigpause.............................................................................................................858
sigreturn............................................................................................................859
sigvec ................................................................................................................860
socket................................................................................................................860
socketcall...........................................................................................................862
socketpair..........................................................................................................862
stat, fstat, lstat ...................................................................................................863
statfs, fstatfs.......................................................................................................865
stime .................................................................................................................866
swapon, swapoff................................................................................................866
symlink .............................................................................................................867
Linux Complete Command Reference
xviii
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
sync...................................................................................................................869
sysctl .................................................................................................................869
sysfs...................................................................................................................871
sysinfo...............................................................................................................871
syslog ................................................................................................................872
termios, tcgetattr, tcsetattr, tcsendbreak, tcdrain, tcflush, tcflow, cfgetospeed,
cfgetispeed, cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed, tcgetpgrp, tcsetpgrp ...............................874
time ..................................................................................................................878
times .................................................................................................................878
truncate, ftruncate.............................................................................................879
umask ...............................................................................................................880
uname...............................................................................................................880
none..................................................................................................................881
afs_syscall, break, gtty, lock, mpx, prof, quotactl, stty, ustat ..............................881
unlink ...............................................................................................................882
uselib ................................................................................................................883
ustat..................................................................................................................883
utime, utimes ....................................................................................................884
vhangup ............................................................................................................885
vm86 ................................................................................................................885
wait, waitpid .....................................................................................................886
wait3, wait4 ......................................................................................................888
write..................................................................................................................889
Part III Library Functions
Intro .................................................................................................................892
abort .................................................................................................................892
abs ....................................................................................................................892
acos...................................................................................................................893
acosh.................................................................................................................893
alloca.................................................................................................................894
asin ...................................................................................................................894
asinh .................................................................................................................895
assert .................................................................................................................895
atan...................................................................................................................896
atan2.................................................................................................................896
atanh.................................................................................................................897
atexit.................................................................................................................897
atof ...................................................................................................................898
atoi....................................................................................................................898
atol....................................................................................................................899
bcmp.................................................................................................................899
bcopy ................................................................................................................900
bsearch..............................................................................................................900
bcmp, bcopy, bzero, memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memfrob, memmem,
memmove, memset.........................................................................................901
xix
Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs .................................................................................901
bzero .................................................................................................................902
catgets ...............................................................................................................902
catopen, catclose ...............................................................................................903
ceil ....................................................................................................................904
clientlib.............................................................................................................904
clock .................................................................................................................905
closedir..............................................................................................................905
confstr...............................................................................................................906
copysign............................................................................................................907
cos ....................................................................................................................907
cosh ..................................................................................................................908
crypt .................................................................................................................908
ctermid .............................................................................................................909
asctime, ctime, gmtime, localtime, mktime .......................................................909
difftime .............................................................................................................911
div.....................................................................................................................911
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48,
seed48, lcong48 ..............................................................................................912
drem .................................................................................................................913
ecvt, fcvt ...........................................................................................................913
erf, erfc..............................................................................................................914
execl, execlp, execle, exect, execv, execvp ...........................................................914
errno .................................................................................................................916
exit....................................................................................................................917
exp, log, log10, pow ..........................................................................................917
expm1, log1p ....................................................................................................918
fabs ...................................................................................................................919
fclose.................................................................................................................919
clearerr, feof, ferror, fileno.................................................................................919
fflush, fpurge.....................................................................................................920
ffs......................................................................................................................921
fgetgrent............................................................................................................921
fgetpwent ..........................................................................................................922
floor ..................................................................................................................923
fmod .................................................................................................................923
fnmatch ............................................................................................................924
fopen, fdopen, freopen ......................................................................................924
fpathconf, pathconf...........................................................................................925
fread, fwrite.......................................................................................................926
frexp..................................................................................................................927
fgetpos, fseek, fsetpos, ftell, rewind....................................................................927
ftime .................................................................................................................928
ftok ...................................................................................................................929
ftw ....................................................................................................................930
Linux Complete Command Reference
xx
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
gcvt...................................................................................................................930
getcwd, get_current_dir_name, getwd...............................................................931
getdirentries ......................................................................................................931
getenv ...............................................................................................................932
getgrent, setgrent, endgrent...............................................................................932
getgrnam, getgrgid ............................................................................................933
getlogin, cuserid ................................................................................................934
getmntent, setmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt ...............................935
getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ...........................936
getopt................................................................................................................937
getpass...............................................................................................................940
getprotoent, getprotobyname, getprotobynumber, setprotoent, endprotoent ....941
getpw ................................................................................................................942
getpwent, setpwent, endpwent ..........................................................................943
getpwnam, getpwuid.........................................................................................944
fgetc, fgets, getc, getchar, gets, ungetc ...............................................................944
getservent, getservbyname, getservbyport, setservent, endservent.......................945
getusershell, setusershell, endusershell ...............................................................946
getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname...............947
getw, putw ........................................................................................................948
glob, globfree ....................................................................................................949
hosts_access, hosts_ctl.......................................................................................950
hcreate, hdestroy, hsearch..................................................................................951
hypot ................................................................................................................953
index, rindex .....................................................................................................953
inet_aton, inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof,
inet_netof.......................................................................................................953
infnan ...............................................................................................................954
initgroups..........................................................................................................955
inndcomm ........................................................................................................956
insque, remque..................................................................................................957
isalnum, isalpha, isascii, isblank, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint,
ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit.....................................................................957
isatty .................................................................................................................958
isinf, isnan, finite ..............................................................................................959
j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn...........................................................................................959
killpg.................................................................................................................960
labs ...................................................................................................................960
ldexp.................................................................................................................961
ldiv....................................................................................................................961
lgamma .............................................................................................................962
libinn ................................................................................................................962
libpbm ..............................................................................................................966
libpgm ..............................................................................................................969
libpnm ..............................................................................................................970
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