PL/SQL Developer 11入门与实战指南

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本资源是《PL/SQL Developer 11用户指南》英文原版，发布于2015年1月。该指南详细介绍了PL/SQL Developer 11这款工具的使用方法，旨在帮助用户高效地与Oracle数据库进行交互和开发工作。 **第1章：介绍** 本章概述了PL/SQL Developer 11的功能及其在Oracle数据库开发中的作用，可能包括版本更新、新特性介绍以及与前作的对比。 **第2章：安装** 这部分详细讲解了软件的系统要求、工作站安装步骤、服务器基础安装方法以及可选择的脚本安装方式。同时，还包括了如何卸载PL/SQL Developer的指南。 **第3章：登录Oracle数据库** 这一部分教会用户如何连接到Oracle数据库，涉及账号管理、认证过程和可能的安全设置。 **第4章：编写程序** 涵盖了创建、保存、修改、编译和比较PL/SQL程序的基本操作。还介绍了编译器偏好设置，以便优化编程体验。 **第5章：测试程序** 本章重点介绍如何创建测试脚本、执行测试、处理变量类型、保存测试结果、跟踪运行时错误、查看各种输出（如包状态、Java会话状态、结果集和HTTP输出）以及调试和追踪执行过程。此外，还包含回归测试的方法。 **第6章：优化** 这部分讲解了如何利用工具优化查询性能，如使用Explain Plan窗口、自动统计信息、PL/SQL Profiler和SQL Trace等技术。 **第7章：Ad-hoc SQL** 用户可以通过SQL窗口进行灵活的SQL查询操作，这一章节详细解释了如何有效地使用SQL窗口进行数据查询和分析。总体而言，这份用户指南提供了从初始安装到高级功能使用的全面指导，旨在使PL/SQL Developer 11的新用户和经验丰富的开发者都能快速上手并提升开发效率。无论是编写PL/SQL代码、执行测试还是监控性能，这份文档都是不可或缺的参考资料。

16 PL/SQL Developer 11.0 User’s Guide

4. Writing programs

In an Oracle database, you can distinguish five different types of stored program units: functions,

procedures, packages, types and triggers. The Program editor allows you to create and modify these five

types of program units in one uniform way.

4.1 Creating a program

To create a new program, press the New button on the toolbar and select the Program Window item and,

for example, the Function sub item. You are now prompted for various variables that are relevant to this

program type. In this case, where we are creating a function, the name of the function, the parameter list,

and its return type:

As the title of this dialog suggests, this information comes from a template. PL/SQL Developer provides

several standard templates, which you can modify as needed. You can also define new templates.

Information about defining templates is provided in chapter 26.

After you have entered the variables and pressed the OK button, a Program Editor Window appears with

a template function in it. Each program you create in the Program Editor unit must start with the

familiar 'create or replace' SQL syntax. In this case we are creating a function 'even', and the source file

could look like this:

At the left side of the editor you see the Code Contents, which displays the structure of the program unit.

This is useful when navigating large program units such as package bodies and type bodies. This feature

is described in detail in chapter 22.13.

Above the editor you see the Code Hierarchy, which displays the hierarchy from the cursor position. In

this case it shows that you are located at a Statement (the return statement) within a Sequence of

statements within a Function. For complex programs, this can be helpful to see where exactly you are

PL/SQL Developer 11.0 User’s Guide 19

to use the HTML manuals as described in chapter 32.2, you can double-click on a compilation error to

display the corresponding paragraph in the Oracle Error Messages manual.

The compilation error list can also contain hints. Hints do not cause the compilation to fail, but they

may indicate an issue that could cause a run-time error (such as a comparison with null, a function

without a return value, an unused parameter, and so on). For more information about hints, see chapter

20.18.

If an error message is displayed in a message box after compilation, this means that the create statement

failed without actually compiling the source. The error message should explain the cause of the error. If

for example you get the 'create or replace' syntax wrong, it will say "ORA-00900: Invalid SQL

statement" in a message box.

Note: If you are using Oracle Server 7.2 or earlier, a trigger compilation error is always reported in a

message box. Only since Oracle Server 7.3, trigger compilation errors are reported in the same way as

procedures, functions, packages and types.

4.5 Comparing a program

To compare a program source to another version in the database or on the file system, you can right-

click on the editor and click on the Compare to submenu-item:

These 4 functions will show a visual line-by-line difference between 2 program sources. The Configure

External Difference Tool button allows you to configure the difference tool should be used. By default

the ExamDiff utility will be used, for which a Pro version is available (See the About item of

ExamDiff’s Info menu). See also chapter 20.22.

Current file

If you have opened a file from the file system and have made some changes, this function will show the

differences between the file on disk and the Program Window. After saving the Program Window these

two versions will always be the same. If there is no file associated with the Program Window, this

function will be disabled.

Current database source

This function will show the differences between the object source in the database and the current editor.

After compilation these two versions will always be the same.

Other file

This function allows you compare the current Program Window to any file. After selecting the file, the

differences will be displayed.

Other database object

This function allows you compare the current editor to any object source in the database with the same

name. After selecting the connection for the database object, the differences will be displayed.

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