Netty实战：Java网络编程与并发处理

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"Manning.Netty.in.Action.2015 - 一本由Norman Maurer和Marvin Allen Wolfthal合著的关于Java网络编程和并发的书籍，由Manning Publications于2015年出版，特别由Trustin Lee作序。这本书深入探讨了Netty框架在Java中的应用。" 《Netty in Action》是一本专门介绍Netty框架的权威指南，针对Java网络编程和并发处理提供了深入的见解和实践指导。Netty是一个高性能、异步事件驱动的网络应用程序框架，用于构建可伸缩且高效的服务器和客户端。该书由Norman Maurer和Marvin Allen Wolfthal撰写，他们都是Java和网络编程领域的专家，而Trustin Lee的序言则为读者提供了对该书内容的权威推荐。本书内容涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **基础概念**：书中首先介绍了网络编程的基础，包括TCP/IP协议、套接字编程以及Java NIO（非阻塞I/O）的基本原理，这些都是理解和使用Netty的前提。 2. **Netty架构**：深入解析Netty的事件驱动架构，包括Channel、EventLoop、Handler和Pipeline等核心组件，帮助开发者理解如何利用这些组件构建可扩展的网络应用。 3. **异步编程**：Netty的核心特性之一是其异步模型，书中详细解释了如何使用Future、Promise和ChannelFuture进行异步编程，以及如何处理回调和异常。 4. **编码与解码**：Netty的编码器和解码器使得处理各种协议变得更加简单，书中会讲解如何自定义编码器和解码器，以适应不同的数据格式，如HTTP、FTP、WebSocket等。 5. **性能优化**：讨论了如何通过配置和调整Netty来实现最佳性能，包括内存管理、线程模型优化和缓冲区使用策略。 6. **实战案例**：书中包含多个实际示例，展示了如何使用Netty构建聊天服务器、实时流媒体服务和分布式系统等，帮助读者将理论知识应用于实践中。 7. **最佳实践**：提供了一些最佳实践和技巧，帮助开发者避免常见陷阱，提高代码质量和可维护性。 8. **故障排查和调试**：讲解了如何诊断和解决Netty应用中可能出现的问题，帮助开发者快速定位并修复问题。《Netty in Action》是一本全面且深入的Netty教程，适合对Java网络编程感兴趣的开发者，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的专业人士，都能从中获益。通过学习这本书，你可以掌握使用Netty构建高效、可靠的网络应用所需的全部技能。

preface

Looking back, I still can’t believe that I did it.

When I started to contribute to Netty in late 2011, I would never have imagined

that I’d be writing a book about Netty and be one of the core developers of the Frame-

work itself.

It all started when I got involved in 2009 with the Apache James project, a Java-

based mail server developed under the Apache Software Foundation.

Apache James, like many applications, required a solid networking abstraction to

build upon. While investigating the field of projects that provide networking abstrac-

tions, I stumbled upon Netty and immediately fell in love with it. As I became more

familiar with Netty from a user’s perspective, I started to turn my gaze on improve-

ments and giving back to the community.

Despite my first contributions being of limited scope, it became obvious very

quickly how beneficial making contributions and the related discussions with the com-

munity, especially with Trustin Lee, the founder of the project, were to my personal

growth. This experience grabbed hold of me, and I enjoyed spending my free time

becoming more engaged in the community. I found myself helping on mailing lists

and joining discussions on the

IRC

channel. Working on Netty began as a hobby but it

quickly evolved into a passion.

My passion for Netty eventually led to my employment at Red Hat. This was a

dream come true, as Red Hat paid me to work on the project I had come to love. I

eventually came to know Claus Ibsen who was working on Apache Camel at the time

(and still does). Claus and I came to the realization that Netty had a solid user base

PREFACE

xvi

and good JavaDocs, but it lacked a higher level of documentation. Claus is the author

of Camel in Action (Manning Publications, 2010), and he turned me on to the idea of

writing a similar book for Netty. I thought about the idea for a few weeks, and eventu-

ally I was sold. This is how Netty in Action got off the ground.

While writing Netty in Action, my involvement in the community continued to grow.

I eventually became the second most active contributor (after Trustin Lee) with over

1,000 commits. I found myself speaking about Netty at conferences and technical

meetups around the world. Eventually Netty opened another employment opportu-

nity at Apple Inc. where I am currently employed as a Senior Software Engineer on

the Cloud Infrastructure Engineering Team. I continue to work on Netty and make

regular contributions back to the community, while helping to drive the project.

ORMAN

AURER

LOUD

NFRASTRUCTURE

NGINEERING

, A

PPLE

My work as a Dell Services consultant at Harvard Pilgrim Health Care in Wellesley,

has focused primarily on creating reusable infrastructure components. Our goal is to

expand the common code base in a way that not only benefits the software process in

general, but also relieves application developers of responsibility for plumbing code

that can be both pesky and mundane.

At one point it came to my attention that two related projects were working with

a third-party claims-processing system that supported only direct

TCP/IP

communi-

cations. One of the projects needed to reimplement in Java a somewhat under-

documented legacy

COBOL

module built on the vendor’s proprietary delimited format.

This module was ultimately replaced by the other project, which would use a more

recent

XML

-based interface to the same claims system (but still using straight sockets,

SOAP

!).

This seemed to me an ideal opportunity to develop a common

API

, and an interest-

ing one at that. I knew there would be stringent throughput and availability require-

ments and also that the design was still evolving. Clearly, the underlying networking

code had to be completely decoupled from the business logic in order to support

rapid cycles of iteration.

My research into high-performance networking frameworks for Java led me

straight to Netty. (The hypothetical project you’ll read about at the start of chapter 1

is pretty much taken from real life.) I soon became convinced that Netty’s approach,

using dynamically configurable encoders and decoders, was a perfect fit for our

needs: both projects would employ the same

API

, deployed with the handlers needed

for the specific data format in use. I became even more convinced when I discovered

that the vendor’s product was also based on Netty!

Just at that time I learned that the book Netty in Action I had been hoping for was

actually in the works. I read the early drafts and soon contacted Norman with ques-

tions and a few suggestions. In the course of our conversations, we spoke often about

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xix

Norman Maurer

I’d like to thank my former coworker and friend Jürgen Hoffmann (aka Buddy).

Jürgen helped me find my way into the OpenSource world and showed me what cool

stuff can be built when you are brave enough to jump in. Without him there is a

chance I would have never started programming and thus never found my true profes-

sional passion.

Another big thank you goes out to my friend Trustin Lee, founder of Netty, who

helped and encouraged me to contribute to the Netty Project in the first place and

who penned the foreword to our book. I’m honored to know you and to be able to

call you a friend! I’m confident that by continuing to work together, Netty will stay

awesome and be around for a long time!

Also I want to thank my coauthor Marvin Wolfthal. Despite Marvin joining the

project late in its lifecycle, he helped to improve the overall structure and content by a

considerable amount. Without him, the book would not have been possible in its cur-

rent form. Which brings me to the Manning team itself, who were always helpful and

gave the right guidance to make the idea of writing a book reality.

Thanks to my parents, Peter and Christa, for always supporting my visions and me.

Most importantly, thanks to my wife Jasmina and my kids Mia Soleil and Ben, for

all the support they showed during the process of writing this book. Without you this

book would not have been possible.

Marvin Wolfthal

First of all, I want to thank Norman Maurer, my coauthor, for both his fine work and

his kindness. Though I came late to the project, I was made to feel as if I had been

part of it from day one.

To my colleagues past and present at Dell Services and Harvard Pilgrim Health

Care, I offer sincere thanks for their help and encouragement. They have created that

rare environment where new ideas are not only expressed, but realized. To Deborah

Norton, Larry Rapisarda, Dave Querusio, Vijay Bhatt, Craig Bogovich, and Sharath

Krishna, special thanks for their support, and even more, their trust—I doubt many

software developers have been granted the creative opportunities I have enjoyed in

the past four years, including adding Netty to our toolkit.

But most of all, thanks to my beloved wife, Katherine, who never lets me forget the

things that really matter.

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