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"提高外语能力的Linux 101 Hacks学习手册"

Linux

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Linux 101 Hacks is a highly recommended learning manual that provides a comprehensive guide to mastering the Linux system. The English version of this manual is particularly impressive and has received positive feedback for its ability to enhance foreign language skills. The content is accessible through the website of American River Learning Online and can be found at www.eimhe.com. The manual covers a wide range of IT certification resources and is an invaluable tool for individuals seeking to expand their knowledge in this field. The manual begins with an introduction and foreword, providing readers with an overview of the content and the version of the manual. Chapter 1 focuses on the powerful CD command hacks, offering readers valuable information on using the CDPATH to define the base directory for the cd command. This is just the beginning of the extensive information that the manual has to offer. Throughout the manual, readers will find a wealth of information on various hacks and commands that will enable them to navigate the Linux system with ease and efficiency. The content covers a wide range of topics, from basic commands to more advanced techniques, making it suitable for individuals at all levels of expertise. Overall, the Linux 101 Hacks English version is a valuable resource for those looking to enhance their skills in the IT field. It provides a thorough understanding of the Linux system and offers practical tips and techniques that can be applied in real-world scenarios. With its user-friendly format and comprehensive content, this manual is a must-have for anyone looking to master the Linux system. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced professional, the Linux 101 Hacks English version has something to offer everyone.

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Linux 101 Hacks www.thegeekstuff.com

# dirs

/tmp/dir4 /tmp/dir4 /tmp/dir3 /tmp/dir2 /tmp/dir1

[Note: The first directory (/tmp/dir4) of the dir

command output is always the current directory and not

the content from the stack.]

At this stage, the directory stack contains the following directories:

/tmp/dir4

/tmp/dir3

/tmp/dir2

/tmp/dir1

The last directory that was pushed to the stack will be at the top. When you

perform popd, it will cd to the top directory entry in the stack and remove it

from the stack. As shown above, the last directory that was pushed into the

stack is /tmp/dir4. So, when we do a popd, it will cd to the /tmp/dir4 and

remove it from the directory stack as shown below.

# popd

# pwd

/tmp/dir4

[Note: After the above popd, directory Stack Contains:

/tmp/dir3

/tmp/dir2

/tmp/dir1]

# popd

# pwd

/tmp/dir3

[Note: After the above popd, directory Stack Contains:

/tmp/dir2

/tmp/dir1]

# popd

Linux 101 Hacks www.thegeekstuff.com

# pwd

/tmp/dir2

[Note: After the above popd, directory Stack Contains:

/tmp/dir1]

# popd

# pwd

/tmp/dir1

[Note: After the above popd, directory Stack is empty!]

# popd

-bash: popd: directory stack empty

Hack 6. Use “shopt -s cdspell” to automatically

correct mistyped directory names on cd

Use shopt -s cdspell to correct the typos in the cd command automatically as

shown below. If you are not good at typing and make lot of mistakes, this will

be very helpful.

# cd /etc/mall

-bash: cd: /etc/mall: No such file or directory

# shopt -s cdspell

# cd /etc/mall

# pwd

/etc/mail

[Note: By mistake, when I typed mall instead of mail,

cd corrected it automatically]

Linux 101 Hacks www.thegeekstuff.com

Chapter 2: Date Manipulation

Hack 7. Set System Date and Time

To change the system date use:

# date {mmddhhmiyyyy.ss}

o mm – Month

o dd – Date

o hh – 24 hour format

o mi – Minutes

o yyyy – Year

o ss – seconds

For example, to set system date to Jan 31

2008, 10:19 p.m, 53 seconds

# date 013122192009.53

You can also change system date using set argument as shown below.

# date 013122192009.53

# date +%Y%m%d -s "20090131"

# date -s "01/31/2009 22:19:53"

# date -s "31 JAN 2009 22:19:53"

# date set="31 JAN 2009 22:19:53"

To set the time only:

# date +%T -s "22:19:53"

Linux 101 Hacks www.thegeekstuff.com

# date +%T%p -s "10:19:53PM"

Hack 8. Set Hardware Date and Time

Before setting the hardware date and time, make sure the OS date and time

is set appropriately as shown in the hack#7.

Set the hardware date and time based on the system date as shown below:

# hwclock –systohc

# hwclock --systohc –utc

Use hwclock without any parameter, to view the current hardware date and

time:

# hwclock

Check the clock file to verify whether the system is set for UTC:

# cat /etc/sysconfig/clock

ZONE="America/Los_Angeles"

UTC=false

ARC=false

Hack 9. Display Current Date and Time in a Specific

Format

Following are different ways of displaying the current date and time in

various formats:

Linux 101 Hacks www.thegeekstuff.com

$ date

Thu Jan 1 08:19:23 PST 2009

$ date --date="now"

Thu Jan 1 08:20:05 PST 2009

$ date --date="today"

Thu Jan 1 08:20:12 PST 2009

$ date --date='1970-01-01 00:00:01 UTC +5 hours' +%s

18001

$ date '+Current Date: %m/%d/%y%nCurrent Time:%H:%M:%S'

Current Date: 01/01/09

Current Time:08:21:41

$ date +"%d-%m-%Y"

01-01-2009

$ date +"%d/%m/%Y"

01/01/2009

$ date +"%A,%B %d %Y"

Thursday,January 01 2009

Following are the different format options you can pass to the date

command:

o %D date (mm/dd/yy)

o %d day of month (01..31)

o %m month (01..12)

o %y last two digits of year (00..99)

o %a locale’s abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)

o %A locale’s full weekday name, variable length

(Sunday..Saturday)

o %b locale’s abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)

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