IEEE 802.3ch-2020：10GBase T1， Automotive Ethernet 标准

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"IEEE 802.3ch-2020 /10GBase T1标准" IEEE 802.3ch-2020标准是针对10GBase-T1的一项重要修订，它是IEEE 802.3系列标准的一个增补，旨在为汽车应用提供2.5 Gb/s、5 Gb/s和10 Gb/s的数据传输速率。这个标准是由IEEE计算机学会的局域网/城域网标准委员会（LAN/MAN Standards Committee）开发的，主要目标是扩展超过1 Gb/s的物理层（PHY）规格和管理参数，以适应汽车环境中的媒体和操作条件。该标准的发布日期不详，但包含了对IEEE 802.3-2018标准的修改，同时考虑了由多个其他IEEE 802.3标准（如802.3cb、802.3bt、802.3cd、802.3cn、802.3cg、802.3cq和802.3cm）带来的更新。这些标准的整合确保了在汽车电气以太网系统中的兼容性和互操作性。 10GBase-T1是该标准的一个关键部分，它定义了在单个平衡导体对上实现10 Gbps数据传输的技术规范。这一创新解决了汽车工业对更高带宽的需求，以支持日益增长的车载通信和信息娱乐系统的复杂性，比如高级驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）、车辆到车辆（V2V）和车辆到基础设施（V2I）通信。标准中的物理层（PHY）规格涵盖了信号编码、调制、传输距离、电磁兼容性（EMC）以及电源效率等多个方面。管理参数则包括错误检测、诊断、配置和状态监控等功能，以确保网络的稳定运行和故障排查。此外，考虑到汽车环境的特殊性，例如电磁干扰、振动、温度变化等，802.3ch标准也对这些因素进行了严格的规定和测试要求，以保证在严苛环境下的可靠性能。这为汽车制造商和供应商提供了统一的技术框架，有助于推动汽车行业向更高速、更智能的网络技术发展。 IEEE 802.3ch-2020标准是汽车电气以太网领域的一个里程碑，它推动了汽车网络技术的进步，提高了车载通信的速度和效率，同时也为未来自动驾驶和车联网的发展奠定了坚实的基础。

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98.5 Detailed functions and state diagrams ...................................................................................... 64

98.5.1 State diagram variables ................................................................................................... 64

104. Power over Data Lines (PoDL) of Single-Pair Ethernet....................................................................... 65

104.1 Overview................................................................................................................................... 65

104.1.3 PoDL system types.......................................................................................................... 65

104.4 Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE)............................................................................................ 65

104.4.1 PSE types......................................................................................................................... 65

104.4.6 PSE output requirements................................................................................................. 65

104.4.6.3 Power feeding ripple and transients....................................................................... 66

104.5 Powered Device (PD) ............................................................................................................... 66

104.5.1 PD types .......................................................................................................................... 66

104.5.6 PD power......................................................................................................................... 66

104.5.6.4 PD ripple and transients......................................................................................... 66

104.6 Additional electrical specifications........................................................................................... 67

104.6.2 Fault tolerance ................................................................................................................. 67

104.7 Serial communication classification protocol (SCCP) ............................................................. 67

104.7.2 Serial communication classification protocols................................................................ 67

104.7.2.4 Read_Scratchpad function command [0xAA]....................................................... 67

104.9 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 104, Power

over Data Lines (PoDL) of Single-Pair Ethernet...................................................................... 69

104.9.3 Major capabilities/options ............................................................................................... 69

104.9.4 PICS proforma tables for Clause 104, Power over Data Lines (PoDL) of Single-

Pair Ethernet.................................................................................................................... 69

104.9.4.3 Powered Device (PD) ............................................................................................ 69

104.9.4.4 Common Electrical ................................................................................................ 70

125. Introduction to 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s networks ...................................................................................... 71

125.1 Overview................................................................................................................................... 71

125.1.2 Relationship of 2.5 Gigabit and 5 Gigabit Ethernet to the ISO OSI reference

model............................................................................................................................... 71

125.1.3 Nomenclature .................................................................................................................. 71

125.1.4 Physical Layer signaling systems.................................................................................... 73

125.2 Summary of 2.5 Gigabit and 5 Gigabit Ethernet sublayers ...................................................... 74

125.2.2 Physical coding sublayer (PCS) ...................................................................................... 74

125.2.3 Physical Medium Attachment sublayer (PMA) .............................................................. 74

125.2.4 Auto-Negotiation............................................................................................................. 74

125.2.4.3 Auto-Negotiation, type single differential-pair media .......................................... 74

125.3 Delay Constraints...................................................................................................................... 74

149. Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, and baseband

medium, type 2.5GBASE-T1, 5GBASE-T1, and 10GBASE-T1 ......................................................... 76

149.1 Overview................................................................................................................................... 76

149.1.1 Nomenclature .................................................................................................................. 76

149.1.2 Relationship of 2.5GBASE-T1, 5GBASE-T1, and 10GBASE-T1 to other standards ... 76

149.1.3 Operation of 2.5GBASE-T1, 5GBASE-T1, and 10GBASE-T1 ..................................... 77

149.1.3.1 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS)........................................................................... 78

149.1.3.2 Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer..................................................... 80

149.1.3.3 EEE Capability ...................................................................................................... 80

149.1.3.4 Link Synchronization ............................................................................................ 80

149.1.4 Signaling.......................................................................................................................... 80

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149.1.5 Interfaces ......................................................................................................................... 81

149.1.6 Conventions in this clause............................................................................................... 81

149.2 2.5GBASE-T1, 5GBASE-T1, and 10GBASE-T1 service primitives and interfaces ............... 81

149.2.1 Technology Dependent Interface .................................................................................... 82

149.2.1.1 PMA_LINK.request .............................................................................................. 82

149.2.1.1.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 82

149.2.1.1.2 When generated............................................................................................ 82

149.2.1.1.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 82

149.2.1.2 PMA_LINK.indication .......................................................................................... 82

149.2.1.2.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 82

149.2.1.2.2 When generated............................................................................................ 82

149.2.1.2.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 83

149.2.2 PMA service interface..................................................................................................... 83

149.2.2.1 PMA_TXMODE.indication .................................................................................. 83

149.2.2.1.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 83

149.2.2.1.2 When generated............................................................................................ 84

149.2.2.1.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 84

149.2.2.2 PMA_CONFIG.indication..................................................................................... 85

149.2.2.2.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 85

149.2.2.2.2 When generated............................................................................................ 85

149.2.2.2.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 85

149.2.2.3 PMA_UNITDATA.request ................................................................................... 85

149.2.2.3.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 85

149.2.2.3.2 When generated............................................................................................ 85

149.2.2.3.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 86

149.2.2.4 PMA_UNITDATA.indication............................................................................... 86

149.2.2.4.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 86

149.2.2.4.2 When generated............................................................................................ 86

149.2.2.4.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 86

149.2.2.5 PMA_SCRSTATUS.request ................................................................................. 86

149.2.2.5.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 86

149.2.2.5.2 When generated............................................................................................ 86

149.2.2.5.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 86

149.2.2.6 PMA_PCSSTATUS.request.................................................................................. 87

149.2.2.6.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 87

149.2.2.6.2 When generated............................................................................................ 87

149.2.2.6.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 87

149.2.2.7 PMA_RXSTATUS.indication............................................................................... 87

149.2.2.7.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 87

149.2.2.7.2 When generated............................................................................................ 87

149.2.2.7.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 87

149.2.2.8 PMA_REMRXSTATUS.request........................................................................... 88

149.2.2.8.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 88

149.2.2.8.2 When generated............................................................................................ 88

149.2.2.8.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 88

149.2.2.9 PMA_PCSDATAMODE.indication...................................................................... 88

149.2.2.9.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 88

149.2.2.9.2 When generated............................................................................................ 88

149.2.2.9.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 88

149.2.2.10 PMA_PCS_RX_LPI_STATUS.request ................................................................ 88

149.2.2.10.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 89

149.2.2.10.2 When generated............................................................................................ 89

149.2.2.10.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 89

149.2.2.11 PMA_PCS_TX_LPI_STATUS.request ................................................................ 89

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149.2.2.11.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 89

149.2.2.11.2 When generated............................................................................................ 89

149.2.2.11.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 89

149.2.2.12 PMA_ALERTDETECT.indication ....................................................................... 89

149.2.2.12.1 Semantics of the primitive ........................................................................... 90

149.2.2.12.2 When generated............................................................................................ 90

149.2.2.12.3 Effect of receipt............................................................................................ 90

149.3 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) functions .............................................................................. 90

149.3.1 PCS service interface (XGMII)....................................................................................... 90

149.3.2 PCS functions.................................................................................................................. 90

149.3.2.1 PCS Reset function................................................................................................ 91

149.3.2.2 PCS Transmit function .......................................................................................... 91

149.3.2.2.1 Use of blocks................................................................................................ 93

149.3.2.2.2 65B RS-FEC transmission code................................................................... 93

149.3.2.2.3 Notation conventions ................................................................................... 94

149.3.2.2.4 Block structure ............................................................................................. 96

149.3.2.2.5 Control codes ............................................................................................... 97

149.3.2.2.6 Ordered sets.................................................................................................. 97

149.3.2.2.7 Idle (/I/) ........................................................................................................ 97

149.3.2.2.8 LPI (/LI/) ...................................................................................................... 97

149.3.2.2.9 Start (/S/) ...................................................................................................... 97

149.3.2.2.10 Terminate (/T/)............................................................................................. 98

149.3.2.2.11 Ordered set (/O/) .......................................................................................... 98

149.3.2.2.12 Error (/E/)..................................................................................................... 99

149.3.2.2.13 Transmit process .......................................................................................... 99

149.3.2.2.14 RS-FEC framing and RS-FEC encoder ....................................................... 99

149.3.2.2.15 RS-FEC superframe and round-robin interleaving ...................................... 99

149.3.2.2.16 RS-FEC recombine .................................................................................... 100

149.3.2.2.17 Reed-Solomon encoder.............................................................................. 100

149.3.2.2.18 PCS scrambler............................................................................................ 102

149.3.2.2.19 Gray mapping for PAM4 encoding............................................................ 102

149.3.2.2.20 Selectable precoder .................................................................................... 103

149.3.2.2.21 PAM4 encoding ......................................................................................... 103

149.3.2.2.22 EEE capability............................................................................................ 104

149.3.2.3 PCS Receive function .......................................................................................... 105

149.3.2.3.1 Frame and block synchronization .............................................................. 106

149.3.2.3.2 PCS descrambler........................................................................................ 106

149.3.2.3.3 Invalid blocks............................................................................................. 106

149.3.3 Test-pattern generators.................................................................................................. 106

149.3.4 Side-stream scrambler polynomials .............................................................................. 107

149.3.5 PMA training frame ...................................................................................................... 108

149.3.5.1 Generation of symbol Tn..................................................................................... 108

149.3.5.2 PMA training mode descrambler polynomials .................................................... 108

149.3.6 LPI signaling ................................................................................................................. 108

149.3.6.1 LPI synchronization............................................................................................. 109

149.3.6.2 Quiet period signaling ......................................................................................... 110

149.3.6.3 Refresh period signaling...................................................................................... 111

149.3.7 Detailed functions and state diagrams........................................................................... 111

149.3.7.1 State diagram conventions................................................................................... 111

149.3.7.2 State diagram parameters..................................................................................... 111

149.3.7.2.1 Constants.................................................................................................... 111

149.3.7.2.2 Variables .................................................................................................... 112

149.3.7.2.3 Timers ........................................................................................................ 114

149.3.7.2.4 Functions.................................................................................................... 114

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149.3.7.2.5 Counters ..................................................................................................... 116

149.3.7.2.6 Messages .................................................................................................... 116

149.3.7.3 State diagrams...................................................................................................... 117

149.3.8 PCS management .......................................................................................................... 124

149.3.8.1 Status ................................................................................................................... 124

149.3.8.2 Counter ................................................................................................................ 124

149.3.8.3 Loopback ............................................................................................................. 124

149.3.9 MultiGBASE-T1 operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) ...................... 125

149.3.9.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................... 125

149.3.9.2 Functional specifications ..................................................................................... 125

149.3.9.2.1 MultiGBASE-T1 OAM frame structure .................................................... 125

149.3.9.2.2 OAM frame data ........................................................................................ 126

149.3.9.2.3 Ping RX...................................................................................................... 127

149.3.9.2.4 Ping TX ...................................................................................................... 127

149.3.9.2.5 PHY health................................................................................................. 127

149.3.9.2.6 OAM message valid................................................................................... 128

149.3.9.2.7 OAM message toggle................................................................................. 128

149.3.9.2.8 OAM message acknowledge...................................................................... 128

149.3.9.2.9 OAM message toggle acknowledge........................................................... 128

149.3.9.2.10 OAM message number............................................................................... 128

149.3.9.2.11 OAM message data .................................................................................... 128

149.3.9.2.12 OAM status ................................................................................................ 129

149.3.9.2.13 OAM Reed-Solomon ................................................................................. 129

149.3.9.2.14 MultiGBASE-T1 OAM frame acceptance criteria .................................... 130

149.3.9.2.15 PHY health indicator.................................................................................. 130

149.3.9.2.16 Ping ............................................................................................................ 130

149.3.9.2.17 OAM message exchange............................................................................ 130

149.3.9.3 State diagram variable to OAM register mapping............................................... 132

149.3.9.4 Detailed functions and state diagrams ................................................................. 132

149.3.9.4.1 State diagram conventions ......................................................................... 132

149.3.9.4.2 State diagram parameters ........................................................................... 133

149.3.9.4.3 Variables .................................................................................................... 133

149.3.9.4.4 Counters ..................................................................................................... 137

149.3.9.4.5 Functions.................................................................................................... 137

149.3.9.4.6 State diagrams ............................................................................................ 138

149.4 Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer...................................................................... 140

149.4.1 PMA functional specifications ...................................................................................... 140

149.4.2 PMA functions .............................................................................................................. 140

149.4.2.1 PMA Reset function ............................................................................................ 141

149.4.2.2 PMA Transmit function....................................................................................... 141

149.4.2.2.1 Global PMA transmit disable..................................................................... 141

149.4.2.3 PMA Receive function ........................................................................................ 141

149.4.2.4 PHY Control function.......................................................................................... 142

149.4.2.4.1 Infofield notation........................................................................................ 143

149.4.2.4.2 Start of Frame Delimiter ............................................................................ 143

149.4.2.4.3 Partial PHY frame count (PFC24) ............................................................. 143

149.4.2.4.4 Message Field ............................................................................................ 143

149.4.2.4.5 PHY capability bits .................................................................................... 144

149.4.2.4.6 Data switch partial PHY frame count ........................................................ 144

149.4.2.4.7 Reserved fields........................................................................................... 145

149.4.2.4.8 CRC16........................................................................................................ 145

149.4.2.4.9 PMA MDIO function mapping .................................................................. 145

149.4.2.4.10 Startup sequence ........................................................................................ 146

149.4.2.5 Link Monitor function ......................................................................................... 146

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149.4.2.6 PHY Link Synchronization ................................................................................. 147

149.4.2.6.1 State diagram variables .............................................................................. 148

149.4.2.6.2 State diagram timers................................................................................... 149

149.4.2.6.3 Messages .................................................................................................... 149

149.4.2.6.4 State diagrams ............................................................................................ 150

149.4.2.7 Refresh monitor function..................................................................................... 151

149.4.2.8 Clock Recovery function ..................................................................................... 151

149.4.3 MDI ............................................................................................................................... 151

149.4.3.1 MDI signals transmitted by the PHY .................................................................. 151

149.4.3.2 Signals received at the MDI ................................................................................ 151

149.4.4 State variables ............................................................................................................... 151

149.4.4.1 State diagram variables........................................................................................ 151

149.4.4.2 Timers.................................................................................................................. 153

149.4.5 State diagrams ............................................................................................................... 154

149.5 PMA electrical specifications ................................................................................................. 156

149.5.1 Test modes..................................................................................................................... 156

149.5.1.1 Test fixtures ......................................................................................................... 157

149.5.2 Transmitter electrical specifications.............................................................................. 158

149.5.2.1 Maximum output droop ....................................................................................... 158

149.5.2.2 Transmitter linearity ............................................................................................ 158

149.5.2.3 Transmitter timing jitter....................................................................................... 158

149.5.2.3.1 Transmit MDI random jitter in MASTER mode ....................................... 159

149.5.2.3.2 Transmit MDI deterministic jitter in MASTER mode............................... 159

149.5.2.4 Transmitter power spectral density (PSD) and power level ................................ 160

149.5.2.5 Transmitter peak differential output .................................................................... 161

149.5.2.6 Transmitter clock frequency................................................................................ 161

149.5.3 Receiver electrical specifications .................................................................................. 161

149.5.3.1 Receiver differential input signals ....................................................................... 161

149.5.3.2 Alien crosstalk noise rejection............................................................................. 161

149.6 Management interface............................................................................................................. 162

149.6.1 Optional Support for Auto-Negotiation ........................................................................ 162

149.7 Link segment characteristics................................................................................................... 162

149.7.1 Link transmission parameters........................................................................................ 162

149.7.1.1 Insertion loss........................................................................................................ 163

149.7.1.2 Differential characteristic impedance .................................................................. 163

149.7.1.3 Return loss ........................................................................................................... 163

149.7.1.3.1 2.5GBASE-T1 link segment return loss .................................................... 163

149.7.1.3.2 5GBASE-T1 link segment return loss ....................................................... 164

149.7.1.3.3 10GBASE-T1 link segment return loss ..................................................... 165

149.7.1.4 Coupling attenuation............................................................................................ 166

149.7.1.5 Screening attenuation .......................................................................................... 167

149.7.1.6 Maximum link delay............................................................................................ 167

149.7.2 Coupling parameters between link segments ................................................................ 167

149.7.2.1 Power sum alien near-end crosstalk (PSANEXT)............................................... 167

149.7.2.2 Power sum alien attenuation to crosstalk ratio far-end (PSAACRF) .................. 168

149.8 MDI specification ................................................................................................................... 169

149.8.1 MDI connectors............................................................................................................. 169

149.8.2 MDI electrical specification .......................................................................................... 169

149.8.2.1 MDI return loss.................................................................................................... 169

149.8.3 MDI fault tolerance ....................................................................................................... 170

149.9 Environmental specifications.................................................................................................. 170

149.9.1 General safety................................................................................................................ 170

149.9.2 Network safety .............................................................................................................. 171

149.9.2.1 Environmental safety........................................................................................... 171

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