NIST800-38C：加密算法的CCM模式详解

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"NIST 800-38C协议是美国国家标准与技术研究所（NIST）发布的一份技术报告，全名为《Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CCM Mode for Authentication and Confidentiality》。这份文档详细介绍了块密码操作模式中的CCM（Counter with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code）模式，用于数据的认证和保密。由Morris Dworkin撰写，旨在提升计算机安全，特别是加密算法在确保信息安全方面的应用。" NIST 800-38C协议是信息安全领域的一个重要标准，它提供了一种高效且安全的加密方法，结合了数据加密和消息认证码（MAC），以确保数据的完整性和机密性。在CCM模式下，块密码被用于同时实现数据的加密和验证，适用于资源受限的环境，如无线通信、物联网设备等。该模式基于两种经典密码学概念：计数器模式（Counter Mode）和块链链接消息认证码（Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code）。计数器模式允许快速且并行的加密处理，而块链链接消息认证码则提供了数据完整性检查。在CCM模式中，数据首先通过计数器模式进行加密，然后生成一个MAC，用于验证数据的完整性。这个MAC是通过对部分加密数据和一个非加密的额外数据块进行操作得到的，可以防止中间人攻击和数据篡改。同时，由于MAC的生成和解密过程是独立的，因此CCM模式支持不同长度的消息，且可以在一定程度上并行计算，这使其在效率上优于其他加密模式。 NIST 800-38C不仅定义了CCM模式的规范，还提供了实施指导，包括参数选择、密钥管理以及安全建议。它强调了在实际应用中必须注意的关键点，如密钥的生命周期管理，以确保数据的安全性。 NIST 800-38C协议是现代网络安全体系的重要组成部分，为保护敏感信息传输和存储提供了坚实的理论基础和技术规范。其CCM模式结合了加密和认证，兼顾效率和安全性，广泛应用于各种加密系统和协议中，如WPA2无线网络加密标准。

Table of Contents

1 PURPOSE...........................................................................................................................................................1

2 AUTHORITY.....................................................................................................................................................1

3 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................1

4 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS.................................................................................2

4.1 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................................................2

4.2 SYMBOLS ....................................................................................................................................................4

4.2.1 Variables................................................................................................................................................4

4.2.2 Operations and Functions .....................................................................................................................6

5 PRELIMINARIES.............................................................................................................................................6

5.1 UNDERLYING BLOCK CIPHER ALGORITHM .................................................................................................6

5.2 CRYPTOGRAPHIC PRIMITIVES......................................................................................................................7

5.3 DATA ELEMENTS.........................................................................................................................................7

5.4 INPUT FORMATTING ....................................................................................................................................8

5.5 EXAMPLES OF OPERATIONS AND FUNCTIONS..............................................................................................8

6 CCM SPECIFICATION ...................................................................................................................................9

6.1 GENERATION-ENCRYPTION PROCESS..........................................................................................................9

6.2 DECRYPTION-VERIFICATION PROCESS ......................................................................................................10

APPENDIX A: EXAMPLE OF A FORMATTING AND COUNTER GENERATION FUNCTION.............12

A.1 LENGTH REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................................................12

A.2 FORMATTING OF THE INPUT DATA ............................................................................................................12

A.2.1 Formatting of the Control Information and the Nonce........................................................................13

A.2.2 Formatting of the Associated Data ......................................................................................................13

A.2.3 Formatting of the Payload ...................................................................................................................14

A.3 FORMATTING OF THE COUNTER BLOCKS...................................................................................................14

APPENDIX B: LENGTH OF THE MAC..............................................................................................................15

B.1 AUTHENTICATION ASSURANCE.................................................................................................................15

B.2 SELECTION OF THE MAC LENGTH.............................................................................................................16

APPENDIX C: EXAMPLE VECTORS .................................................................................................................17

C.1 EXAMPLE 1................................................................................................................................................17

C.2 EXAMPLE 2................................................................................................................................................17

C.3 EXAMPLE 3................................................................................................................................................18

C.4 EXAMPLE 4................................................................................................................................................19

APPENDIX D: REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................21

Table of Figures

Table 1: Formatting of the Flags Octet in B

...............................................................................................................13

Table 2: Formatting of B

............................................................................................................................................13

Table 3: Formatting of Ctr

..........................................................................................................................................14

Table 4: Formatting of the Flags Field in Ctr

.............................................................................................................14

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