探索Common Lisp语言第二版：经典资源详解

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"《Lisp - 1990 - Common Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition》是由Guy L. Steele撰写的一本经典之作，对于爱好Common Lisp编程语言的朋友来说，这本书是不可或缺的学习资料。该书详细介绍了Lisp语言的各个方面，包括但不限于： 1. 前言：介绍了第二版的更新内容和作者对Lisp语言的见解。 2. 致谢：感谢了第二版和第一版的支持者和贡献者，体现了作者对社区的尊重。 3. 介绍：简要概述Lisp语言的目的和设计哲学，让读者对整个语言有个初步的认识。 4. 符号表示：解释了Lisp中的记号约定，确保理解和编写代码的一致性。 5. 数值类型： - 十进制数字：基础的数值表示。 - False、空列表和nil：Lisp中基本逻辑值和空的处理。 - 评估与等价性：Lisp如何解析和判断表达式是否相等。 - 错误处理：讨论了Lisp中可能出现的错误类型和处理方法。 6. 函数和实体描述：详细说明了函数的定义和调用规则，以及如何创建和使用其他Lisp对象。 7. Lisp读取器：介绍如何将文本转换成Lisp程序的内部结构。 8. 语法概述：提供了Lisp语法规则的整体视图，帮助理解其结构。 9. 数据类型：深入探讨了Lisp中的各种数据类型，如整数、比率、浮点数、复数、字符、字符串等。 10. 列表和cons：强调了列表在Lisp中的核心地位，以及cons操作符的使用。 11. 数组和矢量：Lisp中动态数组和固定大小的矢量的实现和操作。 12. 字符串：处理文本数据的方法，包括处理字符串字符和特殊字符。 13. 高级数据结构：如哈希表、读取表、包和路径名，这些都是实现复杂功能的基础。 14. 输入/输出流：处理数据的输入和输出，如文件、网络等。 15. 随机数和状态：随机数生成在编程中的应用，以及如何管理随机状态。 16. 结构体：Lisp中的自定义数据结构和对象的设计与使用。这本书详尽地展示了Common Lisp语言的特性，无论是初学者还是进阶开发者，都能从中受益匪浅，了解到Lisp的强大之处和其在软件开发中的独特应用场景。"

xx ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (SECOND EDITION)

G. Bobrow, Linda G. DeMichiel, Richard P. Gabriel, Sonya E. Keene, Gregor

Kiczales, and David A. Mo on) wish to thank Patrick Dussud, Kenneth Kahn,

Jim Kempf, Larry Masinter, Mark Stek, Daniel L. Weinreb, and Jon L White

for their contributions.

The author of the chapter on Conditions (Kent M. Pitman) notes that there

is a pap er 38]containing background information about the design of the con-

dition system, which is based on the condition system of the Symbolics Lisp

Machines 49]. The members of the X3J13 Error Handling Subcommittee were

Andy Daniels and Kent Pitman. Richard Mlynarik and David A. Mo on made

ma jor design contributions. Useful comments, questions, suggestions, and

criticisms were provided byPaul Anagnostopoulos, Alan Bawden, William

Chiles, Pavel Curtis, Mary Fontana, Dick Gabriel, Dick King, Susan Lander,

David D. Loeer, Ken Olum, David C. Plummer, Alan Snyder, Eric Weaver,

and Daniel L. Weinreb. The Condition System was designed specically to ac-

commodate the needs of Common Lisp. The design is, however, most directly

based on the \New Error System" (NES) developed at Symbolics byDavid L.

Andre, Bernard S. Greenberg, Mike McMahon, David A. Moon, and Daniel L.

Weinreb. The NES was in turn based on experiences with the original Lisp

Machine error system (developed at MIT), whichwas found to b e inadequate

for the needs of the mo dern Lisp Machine environments. Many asp ects of

the NES were inspired by the (PL/I) condition system used by the Honeywell

Multics op erating system. Henry Lieb erman provided conceptual guidance

and encouragement in the design of the NES. A reimplementation of the NES

for non-Symbolics Lisp Machine dialects (MIT, LMI, and TI) was done at

MIT by Richard M. Stallman. During the pro cess of that reimplementation,

some conceptual changes were made whichhave signicantly inuenced the

Common Lisp Condition System.

As for the smaller but no less imp ortant prop osals, Larry Masinter deserves

recognition as an author of over half of them. He has worked indefatigably to

write up prop osals and to p olish drafts by other authors. Kent Pitman, David

Moon, and Sandra Lo osemore have also b een notably prolic, as well as Jon L

White, Dan Pierson, Walter van Roggen, Skona Brittain, Scott Fahlman, and

myself. Other authors of prop osals include David Andre, John Aspinall, Kim

Barrett, Eric Benson, Daniel Bobrow, Bob Cassels, Kathy Chapman, WIlliam

Clinger, Pavel Curtis, Doug Cutting, Je Dalton, Linda DiMichiel, Richard

Gabriel, Steven Haich, Sonya Keene, James Kempf, Gregor Kiczales, Dieter

Kolb, Barry Margolin, Chris McConnell, Je Peck, Jan Pedersen, Crispin

Perdue, Jonathan Rees, Don Sakahara, David Touretzky,Richard Waters,

and Gail Zacharias.

I am grateful to Donald E. Knuth and his colleagues for producing the

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (SECOND EDITION) xxi

X text formatting system 28], whichwas used to produce and typeset the

manuscript. Knuth did an esp ecially goo d job of publishing the program

for T

X 29] I had to consult the co de about eight times while debugging

particularly complicated macros. Thanks to the extensive indexing and cross-

references, in eachcase ittookmelessthanveminutes to nd the relevant

fragment of that 500-page program.

I also owe a debt to Leslie Lamport, author of the L

X macro package 30]

for T

X, within which I implemented the documentstyle for this bo ok.

Blue Sky Research sells and supp orts Textures, an implementation of T

for Apple Macintosh computers Gayla Gro om and Barry Smith of Blue Sky

Researchprovided excellenttechnical supp ort when I needed it. Other soft-

ware tools that were invaluable in preparing this b ook were QuicKeys (sold

by CE Software, Inc.), which provides keyboard macros G ofer (sold byMi-

crolytics, Inc.), which p erforms rapid text searches in multiple les Symantec

Utilities for Macintosh (sold by Symantec Corporation), whichsaved me from

more than one disk crash and the PostScript language and compatible fonts

(sold by Adobe Systems Incorporated).

Some of this software (suchasL

X) I obtained for free and some I bought,

but all haveproved to be useful to ols of excellent quality. I am grateful to

these developers for creating them.

Electronic mail has b een indispensible to the writing of this bo ok, as well

to as the work of X3J13. (It is a humbling experience to publish a b ook and

then for the next veyears to receive at least one electronic mail message a

week, if not twenty, p ointing out some mistake or defect.) Kudos to those

develop and maintain the Internet, which arose from the Arpanet and other

networks.

Chase Duy, George Horesta, and Will Buddenhagen of Digital Press have

given me much encouragement and support. David Ford designed the b ook

and provided sp ecications that I could co de into T

X. Alice Cheyer and Kate

Schmit edited the copy for style and puzzled over the more obscure jokes with

great patience. Marilyn Rowland created the index Tim Evans and I did

some polishing. Laura Fillmore and her colleagues at Editorial, Inc., have

tirelessly and meticulously checked one draft after another and has kept the

paperwork owing smoothly during the last hectic weeks of proofreading, page

makeup, and typesetting.

Thinking Machines Corp oration has supp orted all mywork with X3J13. I

thank all my colleagues there for their encouragement and help.

Others who provided indispensible encouragement and support include Guy

and Nalora Steele David Steele Cordon and Ruth Kerns David, Patricia,

Tavis, Jacob, Nicholas, and Daniel Auwerda Donald and Denise Kerns and

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探索Common Lisp语言第二版：经典资源详解

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