探索响应式微服务架构：Jonas Bonér的实战设计原则

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"《响应式微服务架构》（Reactive Microservices Architecture）是一本由Jonas Bonér编著的专业书籍，专注于在分布式系统设计中应用的Reactive原则。该书以英文撰写，旨在探讨和分享微服务架构在现代IT领域的实践和理论知识。作者Jonas Bonér是该领域的知名专家，他在此书中详细阐述了如何设计和构建可扩展、弹性和高效的微服务架构，特别是在处理高并发、异步通信以及非阻塞I/O方面。这本书的主题涵盖了以下几个核心知识点： 1. 响应式设计原则：Reactive Microservices Architecture强调的是系统的响应性，即能够处理变化和不确定性，通过流处理模型来实现事件驱动的编程，确保系统能够实时响应用户请求。 2. 微服务架构：书中深入剖析了微服务架构的优点，如模块化、独立部署、服务间松耦合等，以及如何通过这种架构降低复杂性，提高系统的灵活性和可维护性。 3. 分布式系统设计：针对分布式环境中的挑战，如数据一致性、容错性和性能优化，提供了实用的设计原则和技术策略。 4. 实战案例与最佳实践：作者分享了许多实际项目的经验，包括如何在分布式系统中实现消息传递、事件驱动架构，以及如何利用工具如Akka、RabbitMQ等来支持响应式编程。 5. 版权与出版信息：《响应式微服务架构》享有Jonas Bonér的版权，由O'Reilly Media出版，提供电子版和纸质版供教育、商业或销售用途。该书在2016年首次发行，并在后续版本中进行了更新和完善。 6. 编辑团队：书的编辑、生产编辑、校对人员和设计团队都为本书的质量做出了贡献，确保了内容的专业性和易读性。阅读这本书对于理解和实施现代企业级IT项目的微服务架构有着重要的指导意义，无论是技术团队领导者还是开发者，都可以从中收获关于如何构建高效、可扩展的响应式系统的宝贵见解。"

1 I am using the word Microservice and service interchangeably throughout this docu‐

ment. Both refer to the idea of a Reactive Microservice.

have strong coupling between the components in the service

and

between services. A system with the services tangled and interde‐

pendent is harder to write, understand, test, evolve, upgrade and

operate independently. Worse still, strong coupling can also lead to

cascading failures—where one failing service can take down the

entire system, instead of allowing you to deal with the failure in iso‐

lation.

One problem has been that application servers (e.g., WebLogic,

WebSphere, JBoss and Tomcat—even though Tomcat does not sup‐

port EAR files) encourage this monolithic model. They assume that

you are bundling your service JARs into an EAR file as a way of

grouping your services, which you then deploy—alongside all your

other applications and services—into the single running instance of

the application server, which manages the service “isolation”

through class loader tricks. All in all, a very fragile model.

Figure 1-2. Classical Java EE architecture

Today we have a much more refined foundation for isolation of

services, using virtualization, Linux Containers (LXC), Docker, and

Unikernels. This has made it possible to treat isolation as a first-class

4 | Chapter 1: Introduction

2 “SOA is Dead; Long Live Services” by Anne Thomas, VP and Distinguished Analyst at

Gartner, Inc.

concern—a necessity for resilience, scalability, continuous delivery

and operations efficiency. It has also paved the way for the rising

interest in Microservices-Based Architectures, allowing you to slice

up the monolith and develop, deploy, run, scale and manage the

services independently of each other.

SOA Dressed in New Clothes?

How splendid his Majesty looks in his new clothes, and how well

they fit!” everyone cried out. “What a design! What colors! These

are indeed royal robes!

—“The Emperor’s New Clothes” by H.C. Andersen

A valid question to ask is whether Microservices are actually just

SOA dressed up in new clothes. The answer is both yes and no. Yes,

because the initial goals—decoupling, isolation, composition, inte‐

gration, discrete and autonomous services—are the same. And no,

because the fundamental ideas of SOA were most often misunder‐

stood and misused, resulting in complicated systems where an

Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) was used to hook up multiple mono‐

liths, communicating over complicated, inefficient and inflexible

protocols.

Anne Thomas captures this very well in her article SOA is Dead;

Long Live Services:

Although the word “SOA” is dead, the requirement for service-

oriented architecture is stronger than ever. But perhaps that’s the

challenge: The acronym got in the way. People forgot what SOA

stands for. They were too wrapped up in silly technology debates

(e.g., “what’s the best ESB?” or “WS-* vs. REST”), and they missed

the important stuff: architecture and services.

Successful SOA (i.e., application re-architecture) requires disrup‐

tion to the status quo. SOA is not simply a matter of deploying new

technology and building service interfaces to existing applications;

it requires redesign of the application portfolio. And it requires a

massive shift in the way IT operates.

The world of the software architect looks very different today than it

did 10-15 years ago when SOA emerged. Today, multi-core process‐

ors, cloud computing, mobile devices and the Internet of Things

SOA Dressed in New Clothes? | 5

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探索响应式微服务架构：Jonas Bonér的实战设计原则

Reactive Microservices Architecture

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