JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE,CONTROL, AND DYNAMICS
Vol. 27, No. 5, September–October 2004
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Design
foraHypersonic Flight Vehicle
Haojian Xu
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
Maj D. Mirmirani
California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032
and
Petros A. Ioannou
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
A multi-input/multi-output adaptive sliding controller is designed and analyzed for the longitudinal dynamics
of a generic hypersonic air vehicle. This vehicle model is nonlinear, multivariable, and unstable and includes
uncertain parameters. Simulation studies are conducted for trimmed cruise conditions of 110,000 ft and Mach
15 where the responses of the vehicle to a step change in altitude and airspeed are evaluated. The commands are
100-ft/s step velocity and 2000-ft step altitude. The controller is evaluated for robustness with respect to parameter
uncertainties using simulations. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed controller is robust with respect
to parametric uncertainty and meets the performance requirements with relatively low-amplitude control inputs.
Nomenclature
a = combined uncertainty parameter, ft ·s
2
b = combined uncertainty parameter, ft
3
/s
C
D
= drag coefficient
Haojian Xu received his B.S. degree from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the People’s
Republic of China, in 1990 and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California, in 1999 and 2002, respectively. From 1990 to 1997, he worked as an engineer at
the Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute, China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. He is currently
working as a postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern
California. He has served as a reviewer for various journals and conferences. His current research interests
include robust adaptive control, nonlinear system control with application to high-performance aircraft, control of
unknown systems using neural networks, and system identification and control of hard disk drive systems. Member
AIAA. He may be contacted at haojian@usc.edu.
Maj Dean Mirmirani received his B.S. degree from Tehran Polytechnic in 1969, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees
in mechanical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1971 and 1976, respectively. Before
joining the Department of Mechanical Engineering at California State University, Los Angeles, in 1981, he was
an academic visitor for one year at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Imperial College of Science and
Technology, London. Currently he is a professor and Chairman of the Mechanical Engineering Department and
Director of the Multidisciplinary Flight Dynamics and Control Laboratory at California State University, Los
Angeles, which is funded by NASA Dryden Flight Research Center and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
His research interests are in the areas of multidisciplinary modeling and analysis of flight vehicles, control of
hypersonic airbreathing flight vehicles, and aeroservoelasticity. M. D. Mirmirani is the recipient of the 2002–2003
California State University Los Angeles Outstanding Professor Award and a member of AIAA. His e-mail address
is mmirmir@exchange.calstatela.edu.
Petros A. Ioannou received his B.Sc. degree with first class honors from University College, London, England, in
1978 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, in 1980 and 1982, respectively.
In 1982, he joined the Department of Electrical Engineering Systems, University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, California. He is currently a professor in the same department and Director of the Center of Advanced
Transportation Technologies. His research interests are in the areas of adaptive control, neural networks, nonlinear
systems, vehicle dynamics and control, intelligent transportation systems, and marine transportation. He was
Visiting Professor at the University of Newcastle, Australia in the fall of 1988, the Technical University of Crete
in summer of 1992, and served as Dean of the School of Pure and Applied Science at the University of Cyprus in
1995. In 1984 he was a recipient of the Outstanding IEEE Transactions Paper Award and the recipient of 1985
Presidential Young Investigator Award. He is the author/coauthor of 5 books and more than 150 research papers
in the area of controls, neural networks, nonlinear dynamical systems, and intelligent transportation systems. His
e-mail address is ioannou@usc.edu.
Presented as Paper AAS 01-240 at the AAS/AIAA 11th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Santa Barbara, February 2001; received 19 February 2002; revision
received 15 August 2003; accepted for publication 5 January 2004. Copyright
c
2004 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights
reserved. Copies of this paper may be made for personal or internal use, on condition that the copier pay the $10.00 per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; include the code 0731-5090/04 $10.00 in correspondence with the CCC.
C
L
= lift coefficient
C
M
(q) = moment coefficient due to pitch rate
C
M
(α) = moment coefficient due to angle of attack
C
M
(δ
e
) = moment coefficient due to elevator deflection
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