ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 用户指南：CFD 软件包应用与开发

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FLUENT软件包概述 FLUENT是一款功能强大且应用广泛的商用CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics，计算流体动力学）软件包。根据提供的文件信息，FLUENT软件包具有以下特点和应用领域： 1. 物理模型丰富：FLUENT软件包拥有丰富的物理模型，能够模拟复杂的流体、热传递和化学反应等过程。 2. 数值方法先进：FLUENT软件包采用先进的数值方法，能够快速、准确地模拟复杂的物理过程。 3. 前后处理功能强大：FLUENT软件包具有强大的前后处理功能，能够对计算结果进行可视化、分析和处理。在航空航天、汽车设计、石油天然气和涡轮机设计等领域，FLUENT软件包都有着广泛的应用。其强大的计算能力和丰富的物理模型使其成为这些领域的首选工具。 ANSYS FLUENT 12.0用户指南根据提供的文件信息，ANSYS FLUENT 12.0用户指南是一份详细的使用手册，旨在帮助用户快速上手使用FLUENT软件包。该指南涵盖了FLUENT软件包的所有方面，包括安装、设置、计算模型、结果分析等。在用户指南中，ANSYS公司也提供了详细的法律声明，包括版权信息、商标信息和使用条款等。这些信息对于用户来说非常重要，能够帮助用户正确地使用FLUENT软件包。 FLUENT软件包的应用领域 FLUENT软件包的应用领域非常广泛，包括： 1. 航空航天：FLUENT软件包可以用于模拟航空航天领域中的流体动力学、热传递和化学反应等过程。 2. 汽车设计：FLUENT软件包可以用于模拟汽车设计中的流体动力学、热传递和化学反应等过程。 3. 石油天然气：FLUENT软件包可以用于模拟石油天然气领域中的流体动力学、热传递和化学反应等过程。 4. 涡轮机设计：FLUENT软件包可以用于模拟涡轮机设计中的流体动力学、热传递和化学反应等过程。 FLUENT软件包是一款功能强大且应用广泛的商用CFD软件包，能够满足各个行业的需求。

CONTENTS

10 Modeling Flows with Rotating Reference Frames 10-1

10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

10.2 Flow in a Rotating Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

10.2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

10.3 Flow in Multiple Rotating Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

10.3.1 The Multiple Reference Frame Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5

10.3.2 The Mixing Plane Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7

10.4 Mesh Setup for a Single Rotating Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9

10.5 Mesh Setup for a Multiple Rotating Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9

10.6 Steps in Using Rotating Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10

10.7 Setting Up a Single Rotating Reference Frame Problem . . . . . . . . . . 10-12

10.7.1 Choosing the Relative or Absolute Velocity Formulation . . . . . 10-14

10.8 Solution Strategies for a Single Rotating Reference Frame . . . . . . . . 10-16

10.8.1 Gradual Increase of the Rotational Speed to Improve Solution

Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17

10.9 Postprocessing for a Single Rotating Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17

10.10 Setting Up a Multiple Rotating Reference Frame Problem . . . . . . . . 10-19

10.10.1 Setting Up Multiple Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19

10.10.2 Setting Up the Mixing Plane Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-22

10.11 Solution Strategies for MRF and Mixing Plane Problems . . . . . . . . . 10-27

10.11.1 MRF Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27

10.11.2 Mixing Plane Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27

10.12 Postprocessing for MRF and Mixing Plane Problems . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27

11 Modeling Flows Using Sliding and De forming Meshe s 11-1

11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

11.2 Using Sliding Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2

11.2.1 Requirements and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2

11.2.2 Setting Up the Sliding Mesh Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

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11.2.3 Solution Strategies for Sliding Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6

11.2.4 Postprocessing for Sliding Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9

11.3 Using Dynamic Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-10

11.3.1 Setting Dynamic Mesh Modeling Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12

11.3.2 Dynamic Mesh Update Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13

11.3.3 Volume Mesh Update Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-30

11.3.4 Solid-Body Kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31

11.3.5 Steady-State Dynamic Mesh Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-35

11.3.6 Setting In-Cylinder Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-38

11.3.7 Six DOF Solver Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-59

11.3.8 Deﬁning Dynamic Mesh Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-60

11.3.9 Specifying the Motion of Dynamic Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-71

11.3.10 Previewing the Dynamic Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-81

12 Modeling Turbulence 12-1

12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2

12.2 Choosing a Turbulence Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3

12.2.1 Computational Eﬀort: CPU Time and Solution Behavior . . . . 12-4

12.3 Mesh Considerations for Turbulent Flow Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . 12-5

12.3.1 Near-Wall Mesh Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6

12.4 Steps in Using a Turbulence Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-8

12.5 Setting Up the Spalart-Allmaras Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-10

12.6 Setting Up the k- Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-12

12.6.1 Setting Up the Standard or Realizable k- Model . . . . . . . . . 12-12

12.6.2 Setting Up the RNG k- Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-12

12.7 Setting Up the k-ω Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-15

12.7.1 Setting Up the Standard k-ω Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-15

12.7.2 Setting Up the Shear-Stress Transport k-ω Model . . . . . . . . . 12-16

12.8 Setting Up the Transition k-kl-ω Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-17

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12.9 Setting Up the Transition SST Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-17

12.10 Setting Up the Reynolds Stress Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-18

12.11 Setting Up the Detached Eddy Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-21

12.11.1 Setting Up the Spalart-Allmaras DES Model . . . . . . . . . . . 12-21

12.11.2 Setting Up the Realizable k- DES Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-22

12.11.3 Setting Up the SST k-ω DES Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23

12.12 Setting Up the Large Eddy Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-25

12.13 Setup Options for all Turbulence Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-27

12.13.1 Including the Viscous Heating Eﬀects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-27

12.13.2 Including Turbulence Generation Due to B uoyancy . . . . . . . . 12-27

12.13.3 Vorticity- and Strain/Vorticity-Based Production . . . . . . . . . 12-27

12.13.4 Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) . . . . . . . . . . . 12-27

12.13.5 Diﬀerential Viscosity Modiﬁcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-28

12.13.6 Swirl Modiﬁcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-28

12.13.7 Low- Re Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-28

12.13.8 Low- Re Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-28

12.13.9 Shear Flow Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-29

12.13.10Including Pressure Gradient Eﬀe cts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-29

12.13.11Including Thermal Eﬀects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-29

12.13.12Including the Wall Reﬂection Term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-29

12.13.13Solving the k Equation to Obtain Wall Boundary Conditions . . 12-30

12.13.14Quadratic Pressure-Strain Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-30

12.13.15Low-Re Stress-Omega Pressure-Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-30

12.13.16Subgrid-Scale Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-31

12.13.17Customizing the Turbulent Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-31

12.13.18Customizing the Turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt Numbers . . . . 12-31

12.13.19Modeling Turbulence with Non-Newtonian Fluids . . . . . . . . . 12-32

12.13.20SST Functions for the SST Detached Eddy Simulation Model . . 12-32

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12.14 Deﬁning Turbulence Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-32

12.14.1 The Spalart-Allmaras Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-32

12.14.2 k- Models and k-ω Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-32

12.14.3 Reynolds Stress Mode l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-33

12.14.4 Large Eddy Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-34

12.15 Providing an Initial Guess for k and  (or k and ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-34

12.16 Solution Strategies for Turbulent Flow Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-36

12.16.1 Mesh Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-36

12.16.2 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-37

12.16.3 Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-37

12.16.4 RSM-Spe ciﬁc Solution Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-38

12.16.5 LES-Sp eciﬁc Solution Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-39

12.17 Postprocessing for Turbulent Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-41

12.17.1 Custom Field Functions for Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-46

12.17.2 Postprocessing Turbulent Flow Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-46

12.17.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-47

13 Modeling Heat Transfer 13-1

13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1

13.2 Modeling Conductive and Convective Heat Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1

13.2.1 Steps in Solving Heat Transfer Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2

13.2.2 Solution Strategies for Heat Transfer Modeling . . . . . . . . . . 13-5

13.2.3 Postprocessing Heat Transfer Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7

13.2.4 Natural Convection and Buoyancy-Driven Flows . . . . . . . . . 13-9

13.2.5 Shell Conduction Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15

13.3 Modeling Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-18

13.3.1 Steps in Using the Radiation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-18

13.3.2 Setting Up the DTRM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-20

13.3.3 Setting Up the S2S Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-23

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13.3.4 Setting Up the DO Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-35

13.3.5 Deﬁning Material Properties for Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-39

13.3.6 Deﬁning Boundary Conditions for Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . 13-40

13.3.7 Solution Strategies for Radiation Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-50

13.3.8 Postprocessing Radiation Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-54

13.3.9 Solar Load Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-59

13.4 Modeling Periodic Heat Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-88

13.4.1 Overview and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-89

13.4.2 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-90

13.4.3 Steps in Using Periodic Heat Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-91

13.4.4 Solution Strategies for Periodic Heat Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . 13-93

13.4.5 Monitoring Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-94

13.4.6 Postprocessing for Periodic Heat Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-94

14 Modeling Heat Exchangers 14-1

14.1 Overview and Restrictions of the Macro Heat Exchanger Models . . . . . 14-1

14.1.1 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3

14.2 Overview and Restrictions of the Dual Cell Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3

14.2.1 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-4

14.3 Using the Ungrouped Macro Heat Exchanger Model . . . . . . . . . . . 14-4

14.3.1 Selecting the Zone for the Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-10

14.3.2 Specifying Heat Exchanger Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . 14-10

14.3.3 Specifying the Auxiliary Fluid Inlet and Pass-to-Pass

Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-10

14.3.4 Deﬁning the Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-11

14.3.5 Specifying the Auxiliary Fluid Properties and Conditions . . . . 14-12

14.3.6 Setting the Pressure-Drop Parameters and Eﬀectiveness . . . . . 14-15

14.4 Using the Grouped Macro Heat Exchanger Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-18

14.4.1 Selecting the Fluid Zones for the Heat Exchanger Group . . . . . 14-23

14.4.2 Selecting the Upstream Heat Exchanger Group . . . . . . . . . . 14-23

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