24小时精通英文版Uyless Black 网络技术教程

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"Uyless Black 的《Sams Teach Yourself Networking in 24 Hours》是一本针对IT专业人员和网络学习者编写的实用指南。该书是第四版，由Pearson Education出版，版权日期为2009年。这本英文版书籍旨在帮助读者在短短24小时内快速掌握网络技术的基础知识和实践技能。本书的主要内容覆盖了网络基础知识，包括但不限于网络架构、协议、设备功能、网络安全、网络配置以及常见网络技术如TCP/IP、Wi-Fi、局域网（LAN）、广域网（WAN）等的深入解析。作者Uyless Black以其通俗易懂的语言，将复杂的理论知识分解成便于理解的步骤，使得即使是初学者也能逐步上手。对于那些对英文有挑战的人来说，虽然可能会遇到阅读上的困难，但书中丰富的图表、实例和实战练习能够弥补语言障碍，帮助读者通过实践来消化吸收知识。同时，书中强调了版权法律的要求，明确指出未经书面许可，不得复制、存储或以任何形式传输书中的内容，以保护知识产权。本书的特点在于它不仅提供理论知识，还特别注重实际操作，每个章节都配以详细的步骤指导，让读者能够在短时间内建立起自己的网络基础，并可能解决日常工作中遇到的问题。此外，书后可能还包含了一些测试题和案例分析，以检验读者的理解程度并提升应用能力。《Uyless Black PDF英文版》是一本非常适合希望通过高效学习快速入门网络技术的读者使用的工具书，无论你是希望提高现有技能，还是准备进入这个行业，这本书都能提供有力的支持。尽管英文版可能会有一定的语言挑战，但其内容的实用性使其成为不可或缺的参考资料。"

ptg

HOUR 1

An Overview of Networking

What You’ll Learn in This Hour:

Definition of a computer network

Why we need computer networks

Components of a network

Different types of networks

Importance of the Internet

Computer networks have become part of our everyday lives. We use them to take

cash from the local ATM. Whenever we send email or browse the Web, we rely on the

world’s largest computer network, the Internet, to be our electronic mailman. Tele-

marketers, usually during dinner hour, use computer networks to sell us their wares.

Our cable television stations rely on computer networks to transport programs onto

our TV screens. What is a compelling example of their presence in our lives? Without

computer networks, our cellular phone is little more than a battery powering-up a

meaningless screen.

To provide these extraordinary services, computer networks transfer data to and from

our TV sets, personal computers, cell phones, and other modern machines. This data

is then translated by applications into video TV images, icons on PC screens, and text

messages on cell phones. These network tasks take only a second or so (often less) to

be completed—even if the network must fetch data from around the world. Why

watch a science fiction movie? A computer network is equally impressive.

Although data networks, like computers, have become an integral part of our lives,

most people consider computer networks too complex a subject to even consider set-

ting one up. Usually, we resort to a nearby geek squad to help us, or we bring in spe-

cialists from our company’s networking department.

From the Library of Athicom Parinayakosol

ptg

HOUR 1: An Overview of Networking

Did you

Know?

But let’s leak a secret—one these technical “whizzes” would like not to be known:

Networking is not all that complicated. It doesn’t require a membership in a secret

society. Unless you choose to become a software programmer or a hardware designer,

unless you choose to build a network from scratch, you have no need to devote years

of study to be able to set up and manage your own network.

In the past, managing networks did indeed require in-depth experience and training.

And make no mistake: This book will not give you sufficient information to manage

the Internet! But now, with the proliferation of millions of networks and network

users, the industry provides tools to allow you to not only understand computer net-

works but to set them up and manage them effectively.

Gaining the ability to create a computer network requires an understanding of a few

fundamental concepts, the nuts and bolts of data communications. Coupled with the

pliers of common sense—and reading this book—you can assemble your own network.

Reading to Learn More

The more you read about networking concepts and issues related to computer

networks, the easier it will be to implement and maintain your own network. The

website www.informit.com is a good way to get started. After reading this book, go

to that site. You might be surprised to learn how familiar the concepts are to you.

Also, I recommend the Wikipedia entries on the subject at http://wikipedia.org.

For the more advanced reader, I suggest studying the Internet specifications,

available at http://www.isoc.org.

What Is a Network? What Is

Networking?

In simplest terms, a computer network consists of two or more connected computers.

This connection is twofold: (a) physical, through wires, cables, and wireless media

(the atmosphere with, say, cell phones), and (b) logical, through the transport of data

across the physical media. We discuss the components required to make the physical

connection in several parts of this book; notably, Hours 4, 10, and 23. The logical

connections are discussed throughout the book.

In the context of this book, what is networking? If I say to someone, “I’m network-

ing!,” what does this declaration mean? For starters, it doesn’t mean I’m socializing

with co-workers or mingling with parents at the local PTA. It means I’m sitting at a

computer, communicating with someone or something via a computer network. Fine,

but you don’t need to do 24 hours of reading to teach you how to sit at a terminal

and play online Scrabble.

From the Library of Athicom Parinayakosol

ptg

What Is a Network? What Is Networking?

Thus, Sams Teach Yourself Networking in 24 Hours is a shorthand title for teaching you

how to build a network so that you can later do networking.

As suggested, there’s more to networking computers than physical connectors, such as

electrical plugs in the wall and ports on a PC. Several basic rules must be followed if

the computers are to exchange data with each other.

The machines in the network must use the same procedures for sending and

receiving data. These procedures are called communications protocols. If these

devices do not (or cannot) use the same protocols, conversions must take place,

usually with services called protocol converters. The idea is akin to someone who

translates between a person speaking Spanish and a person speaking English. For

computer networks, I can send my son an email from my wire-based computer to

his Internet cell phone.

For my son (Tommy) to read this message, conversions

are performed at the physical level (wire-based images to wireless-based images)

and at the logical level (email format to text format). Fortunately, you will not

have to deal with protocol converters. They are provided for you automatically.

The data must be delivered without corruption. That is, if I key-in “Hello,

Tommy” in my email, it must (and will) be received at his cell phone as, “Hello,

Tommy,” and not, say, “Hello, Mommy.”

A method must be in place whereby the receiving computer (By the way, a mod-

ern cell phone contains at least one computer) can acknowledge the receipt of

uncorrupted data and inform the sending computer if the data was indeed

received in error. Thus, if Tommy’s machine receives “Hello, Mommy,” Tommy

will never see this error appear on his screen. Unbeknownst to Tommy, a piece of

software will check the data and return a message to my computer asking for a

retransmission. I also will not know about this wonderful service. What is more,

because all these dialogues are taking place so quickly (in a few fractions of a

second), Tommy and I are unaware of the short delay in our ongoing dialogue.

Computers on a network must be capable of determining the origin and desti-

nation of a piece of information, such as an email or a text message. After all,

if Tommy wants to send a response to me, the network must be able to route it

to my computer, and Tommy’s device must provide the address to the network.

Once again, you usually don’t need to be concerned with these tasks. Addresses

are often assigned to you automatically. As we shall see, it is yet another service

provided to network users.

Obviously, standardized addresses are required for the correct exchange of data

between computers. Because millions of computers around the world can be

As of this writing, not all cell phones support Internet sessions, but the trend is in this direction.

From the Library of Athicom Parinayakosol

ptg

HOUR 1: An Overview of Networking

networked, these addresses must be “scalable” to accommodate a large com-

puter population.

For security and management, there must be a method for identifying and veri-

fying the devices connected to a network. Hackers must be prevented from

damaging computers and files.

This list is not an exhaustive set of network requirements and, as stated, to obtain

most of these services, you need not lift a finger to your keyboard or keypad. We’ve

listed them to give you an idea of some of the issues faced when computer network-

ing gurus tackle the task of exchanging and sharing data between computers. As

seen earlier, for data transfer among computers to take place, rules must be followed.

Otherwise, the process is akin to people attempting to speak to each other in different

languages.

Networks can be as simple as a point-to-point connection between two computers

transferring files to each other. Networks can also be quite complex. One example

that comes to mind is the Federal Reserve’s system, which allows us to electronically

transfer funds between accounts. Another is the cellular network. It tracks us as we

move across a terrain and hands off our connection to the next wireless tower in a

“cell” where we have recently moved.

Despite the fact the point-to-point example is much simpler than the bank and cellu-

lar examples, each has to follow the same basic rules to permit users to communicate

with each other. We will explore both simple and complex networks in this book.

However, before we delve into the details of a computer network and how to set one

up, we should pause and answer this question: Why would we want to build a net-

work in the first place? I suspect you have your own answer; otherwise, you would not

be reading this book. Permit me to offer some thoughts on the matter; perhaps they

are the same as yours.

Why Build a Network?

If we’re happy with receiving or sending information by hand, we can resort to the

postal service. But hard copy correspondence is called “snail-mail” for good reason.

It’s far too slow in today’s accelerated world. By the time a letter arrives, its contents

are often old news.

In contrast, a computer network enables faster communications between par-

ties. In so doing, it leads to more efficient use of time.

From the Library of Athicom Parinayakosol

ptg

Why Build a Network?

By sharing electronic data among perhaps thousands of people, a computer

network encourages (requires!) the use of standard policies and procedures.

After all, our personal computer and our text-proficient cell phone have no

inferential power as we humans do. We can just respond with, “Say again

please,” if we don’t understand a transmission. But a computer network must

be laboriously programmed to perform this one simple task. However, and once

again, these standardized procedures lead to more efficient communications.

Networks provide backup and recovery support for our data. If the postal ser-

vice’s mail truck breaks down, our letter might be delayed for a day—at least.

Not so for a computer network. It’s designed to provide near-instantaneous

recovery from a failure—all without a loss of a single character or number in our

(electronic) mail.

“I’ve lost that file!” “I’ve lost the letter!” These lamentations are no longer true

with computer networks. If networks are properly designed, it’s easy to store

copies of our data. Be it mail, photographs, files, or video, we can keep copies

safe and sound on another computer in another part of the country—if we take

the time to instruct the network to do so.

Shared resources lead to less expensive communications. Take the Internet, for

example. It’s an expensive public network (in reality, millions of interconnected

networks), but we use it for a few dollars a month, and its performance is such

that we might consider it our own private network. That is, we think we have

this network for ourselves, but we don’t. A term to describe this fine service is

virtual private network.

As many reasons exist for using computer networks as there are people sharing them

and organizations building them. One person might have a bunch of computers at

home—one for her, one for him, several for the kids. She may want to hook all the

computers together so the family can have a common calendar and email, which, as

we know, the kids will more readily read than the note on the fridge. Another person

may want to connect his small office or home network to the Internet to use the Web.

Yet another person in Texas may to play Texas Holdem with his friends living in New

Jersey.

Computer networks have transformed the way we work and play. For better or worse,

they’ve changed our lives. I trust that you think the change is for the better. I do. But

we’ve said enough about why we use computer networks. Let’s now see how they’re

used, and more to the point, how we can use them to improve our personal and pro-

fessional lives.

From the Library of Athicom Parinayakosol

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