DS1302实时时钟芯片操作指南

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DS1302是一款实时时钟(RTC)芯片，由Maxim Integrated生产，设计用于在各种电子设备中提供精确的时间保持功能。它能够追踪秒、分、小时、日期、月份、星期以及年份，并且支持闰年补偿，有效至2100年。该芯片具有低功耗特性，在2.0V电压下工作时电流消耗小于300nA。 DS1302芯片的主要特点包括： 1. **内置31x8位RAM**：用于存储临时数据，提供了足够的空间来保存用户数据或系统设置。 2. **串行I/O接口**：采用3线接口（RST、I/O、SCLK），减少了引脚数量，简化了电路设计。 3. **宽电源电压范围**：支持2.0V到5.5V，确保在多种电源环境下正常工作。 4. **低功耗设计**：在低电压下仍能保持极低的电流消耗，适合电池供电的应用。 5. **单字节或多字节数据传输**：支持单字节或连续字节（突发模式）的数据读写，无论是时钟数据还是RAM数据。 6. **封装形式多样**：有8引脚DIP和8引脚SOIC封装，以及16引脚SOIC封装供不同应用场景选择。 7. **简单3线接口**：RST（复位）、I/O（数据输入/输出）、SCLK（串行时钟）三线即可完成通信，易于实现。 8. **兼容性**：与TTL逻辑电平兼容，当VCC=5V时，可以直接与TTL电路集成。 9. **工业温度范围**：可选的工业级温度范围为-40°C到+85°C，适用于严苛环境。 10. **兼容性**：与DS1202芯片兼容，方便升级或替换。 11. **安全认证**：通过了Underwriters Laboratories的安全认证，符合相关标准。 DS1302的引脚定义如下： - X1, X2：32.768kHz晶体引脚，用于提供精确的时间基准。 - GND：接地。 - RST：复位引脚，用于芯片的初始化或复位操作。 - I/O：数据输入/输出引脚，实现与微控制器的数据交换。 - SCLK：串行时钟引脚，由主控器提供，控制数据传输的时序。 - VCC1, VCC2：电源引脚，为芯片供电。在使用DS1302时，需要进行初始化设置，包括配置时钟源、设置日期和时间、设定RAM区域等。写入数据时，通过串行接口将数据按位移入DS1302的内部寄存器；读取数据则相反，数据会按照时钟信号从芯片中传出。由于其简单的接口和高效的数据传输方式，DS1302在嵌入式系统、智能家居设备、数据记录器等应用中广泛使用。

DS1302

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X1, X2 – Connections for a standard 32.768 kHz quartz crystal. The internal oscillator is designed for

operation with a crystal having a specified load capacitance of 6 pF. For more information on crystal

selection and crystal layout considerations, please consult Application Note 58, “Crystal Considerations

with Dallas Real Time Clocks.” The DS1302 can also be driven by an external 32.768 kHz oscillator. In

this configuration, the X1 pin is connected to the external oscillator signal and the X2 pin is floated.

COMMAND BYTE

The command byte is shown in Figure 2. Each data transfer is initiated by a command byte. The MSB

(Bit 7) must be a logic 1. If it is 0, writes to the DS1302 will be disabled. Bit 6 specifies clock/calendar

data if logic 0 or RAM data if logic 1. Bits 1 through 5 specify the designated registers to be input or

output, and the LSB (bit 0) specifies a write operation (input) if logic 0 or read operation (output) if logic

1. The command byte is always input starting with the LSB (bit 0).

ADDRESS/COMMAND BYTE Figure 2

RESET AND CLOCK CONTROL

All data transfers are initiated by driving the RST input high. The RST input serves two functions. First,

RST turns on the control logic which allows access to the shift register for the address/command

sequence. Second, the RST signal provides a method of terminating either single byte or multiple byte

data transfer.

A clock cycle is a sequence of a falling edge followed by a rising edge. For data inputs, data must be

valid during the rising edge of the clock and data bits are output on the falling edge of clock. If the RST

input is low all data transfer terminates and the I/O pin goes to a high impedance state. Data transfer is

illustrated in Figure 3. At power–up, RST must be a logic 0 until V

> 2.0 volts. Also SCLK must be at

a logic 0 when RST is driven to a logic 1 state.

DATA INPUT

Following the eight SCLK cycles that input a write command byte, a data byte is input on the rising edge

of the next eight SCLK cycles. Additional SCLK cycles are ignored should they inadvertently occur.

Data is input starting with bit 0.

DATA OUTPUT

Following the eight SCLK cycles that input a read command byte, a data byte is output on the falling

edge of the next eight SCLK cycles. Note that the first data bit to be transmitted occurs on the first falling

edge after the last bit of the command byte is written. Additional SCLK cycles retransmit the data bytes

should they inadvertently occur so long as RST remains high. This operation permits continuous burst

mode read capability. Also, the I/O pin is tri–stated upon each rising edge of SCLK. Data is output

starting with bit 0.

BURST MODE

Burst mode may be specified for either the clock/calendar or the RAM registers by addressing location 31

decimal (address/command bits 1 through 5 = logic 1). As before, bit 6 specifies clock or RAM and bit 0

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