超快瞬态光栅效应与TeO2-Nb2O5-TiO2玻璃的组成分析
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"FemtosecondTransientGratingEffectandStoichiometryofTeO2-Nb2O5-TiO2Glass"
这篇研究论文详细探讨了TeO2-Nb2O5-TiO2玻璃中的飞秒瞬态光栅效应及其组分比例。这种玻璃是由熔融淬火技术制备的，具有显著的光学非线性特性。文章指出，通过使用飞秒激光脉冲激发，他们观察到了高效瞬态光学光栅效果。这表明这种材料在超快光学和非线性光学应用中可能具有巨大的潜力。
飞秒瞬态光栅效应是一种基于超快速光相互作用的现象，它允许研究人员在极短的时间尺度上研究材料的光学性质。在实验中，研究者使用50飞秒的800纳米激光脉冲进行四波混频（ Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing, DFWM）实验来校准玻璃的光学非线性。四波混频是一种非线性光学过程，其中四个光波在介质中相互作用，生成一个新的频率成分，这对于测量材料的非线性响应非常有用。
通过DFWM实验，研究人员估计出这种玻璃的三阶非线性电致折射率张量χ(3)的大小约为7-9×10^-13 esu（电致折射率单位）。这个数值表明了材料对光强变化的敏感度，是评估其在光学开关、频率转换和其他非线性光学应用中效能的关键参数。此外，χ(3)的时间响应达到了实验分辨率的极限，这意味着这种材料在超快光学开关和信号处理等应用中可能有快速的响应速度。
文章还关注了TeO2-Nb2O5-TiO2玻璃的化学计量比对其光学性质的影响。化学计量比是指化合物中各元素的原子数量比例，对于材料的性能至关重要。不同的元素比例可能会改变材料的能带结构、晶格振动模式以及非线性光学响应。因此，通过精确控制这些氧化物的比例，可以优化材料的特定光学特性，以适应特定的应用需求。
关键词：光学材料；光学性质；非线性光学
这项研究揭示了TeO2-Nb2O5-TiO2玻璃作为高性能光学材料的潜力，特别是其在非线性光学领域中的应用。通过深入理解这种材料的飞秒瞬态光栅效应和组分比例对性能的影响，未来有可能开发出新的光学器件和技术，如高速光通信、超快光学开关和超快光谱学等。
Femtosecond transient grating effect and stoichiometry of
TeO
2
–Nb
2
O
5
–TiO
2
glass
Zhenyu Zhao
a,
⁎
, Aimin Yan
a
, Zhijuan Hu
a
,WangzhouShi
a,
⁎⁎
, Zhenrong Sun
b
,JianLin
c
a
Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
b
State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
c
School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
abstractarticle info
Article history:
Received 24 June 2013
Received in revised form 9 October 2013
Available online xxxx
Keywords:
Optical materials;
Optical properties;
Nonlinear optics
We observed efficient transient optical grating effect from the TiO
2
–Nb
2
O
5
–TeO
2
glasses excited by femtosecond
laser pulses. The glass samples were prepared via melt-quenching technique. The optical nonlinearities were
calibrated by forward degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) experiment with 50 fs laser pulse at 800 nm. The
magnitude of the third order nonlinear susceptibility χ
(3)
was about 7–9×10
− 13
esu, and its temporal response
is up to the resolution limit of the laser 50fs pulse-width. It has been found that χ
(3)
is critically dependent on the
stoichiometry of between TiO
2
and TeO
2
. The results of Raman experiment have indicated that TiO
2
dopant
induces transformation from the [TeO
4
] unit into [TeO
3
] via [TeO
3+1
], and it results in reinforcement in the
rigidity of the glass network so that the χ
(3)
was suppressed.
© 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The rapid development of optical telecommunication requires a high-
speed all-optical switching m aterial and hig h-gain broad ba ndwidth
Raman medium [1]. Tellurite oxide glasses are recognized as one of the
most prospective candidate materials due to their excellent performance,
such as high infra red transm ittance, hig h refracti vity, ultrafas t optical
response, chemical durability, t hermal stabili ty and compatibility wi th
current fiber technology [2–6]. Compared to other oxide glasses, tellurite
oxide glasses possess the largest Kerr nonlinearity χ
(3)
at femtosecond
regime [7–9]. Especially, niobic tellurite oxide glasses have become a
successful material for optical switching by inducing nanocrystals [10],
rare earth elemen t [11], or transition metal oxide [12].Furthermore,
inducing titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) are able to improve the optical
performance of niobic tellurite glasses [13,14]. For both titanium and
tellurium possess d-orbital electron, however, there is insufficie nt
investigation on the competition between TiO
2
and TeO
2
to the ultrafast
nonlinearity of glasses.
In this paper, we report the femtosecond transient grating effect from
a ternary tellurite oxide glasses in compositions xTiO
2
–20Nb
2
O
5
–(80− x)
TeO
2
(x=2, 5, 10). The glasses in the present investigation were prepared
by replacing a portion of TeO
2
by TiO
2
in a base 80TeO
2
–20Nb
2
O
5
(wt.%)
glasses. The transient grating effect of glasses were measured by forward
degenerate four wave mixing (F-DFWM) setup, where the χ
(3)
as a
function of time is calibrated. The construction of glass networks is
investigated by Raman spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis
(DTA). Finally, the origins of ultrafast transient grating effect in glass
samples are discussed.
2. Experiments
Glass samples were prepared by melting the powder of optical grade
TeO
2
,Nb
2
O
5
and TiO
2
at the proportion: xTiO
2
–20Nb
2
O
5
–(80 − x)TeO
2
(x=2,5,10) in a platinum crucible at 850°C for 25minutes and annealed
at 380 °C for 4 hours. The as-received samples were polished to a mean
thickness of 2 mm. A schematic diagram of the laser induced transient
grating is shown in Fig. 1, which is named forward DFWM as well. A
Ti:Sapphire amplified laser system (Spectra-Physics Spitfire) is used as
excitation source to generate 50-femtosecond pulses with a central
wavelength of 800 nm at a repetition rate of 1 KHz. A low repetition
ratio can prohibit thermal lensing effects on nonlinear refractive
index. The maximum pulse energy was 6 μJ with a shot-to-shot
fluctuation less than 1% rms. The pulse-duration was kept constant
throughout the experiments. The laser output was split into two
beams at comparable intensity of 3 μJ. The two beams were combined
at the glasses samples by a lens of 10 cm focal length in the forward
incident geometry. Each incident beam was approximately crossed at
an angle of 12° resulting in a grating period of 5 μm, calculated from
[15]:
Λ ¼
λ
2sin θ=2ðÞ
; ð1Þ
Here, Λ is the grating period, λ is the optical wavelength, θ is the
crossing angle between the 2 incident beams. One of the incident
beams was controlled by a computer-driven time-delay line. The other
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 382 (2013) 70–73
⁎ Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 6432 2078.
⁎⁎ Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 6432 8895.
E-mail addresses: zyzhao@shnu.edu.cn (Z. Zhao), wzshi@shnu.edu.cn (W. Shi).
0022-3093/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.10.014
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/ locate/ jnoncrysol
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