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首页TOGAF v9.1 企业架构框架详解
"Open Group 的 TOGAF v9.1 是一套企业架构的标准框架,英文版本,由 Open Group 发布并拥有版权。本资源提供个人 PDF 版本,禁止未经授权的复制和分发。TOGAF 9.1 旨在为企业的架构开发提供指导,包含核心概念、架构开发方法等关键内容,适用于企业架构(EA)的专业人士。"
TOGAF(The Open Group Architecture Framework)是企业架构领域的一个广泛接受和采用的标准框架,其最新版本为 v9.1。该框架主要用于帮助企业设计、规划、实施和管理其业务、信息和技术架构。TOGAF 9.1 包含多个部分,旨在提供一个全面的方法来开发和维护企业架构。
1. **结构介绍**
- TOGAF 文档结构分为几个部分,包括介绍、核心概念、架构开发方法、架构内容框架等,确保用户能够逐步理解并应用这个框架。第1章介绍了文档的整体结构,帮助读者了解如何导航和使用TOGAF的各个组件。
2. **核心概念**
- 第2章深入探讨了TOGAF的核心概念,定义了TOGAF是什么以及在TOGAF语境下什么是架构。TOGAF不仅是一个框架,还是一个用于制定和实施企业战略的工具集。
- TOGAF处理的架构涵盖了业务架构、数据架构、应用架构和技术架构这四个主要领域,它们相互关联,共同支撑企业的运营和目标。
3. **架构开发方法(ADM)**
- TOGAF 9.1 的关键组成部分是其架构开发方法(Architecture Development Method),这是一个迭代和适应性过程,指导用户从需求收集到最终架构定义的整个流程。这一方法包括预备阶段、业务架构、信息系统架构和技术架构的定义,以及架构的实现和部署。
4. **其他重要元素**
- 除了 ADM,TOGAF 还包含架构内容框架,它定义了如何组织和分类架构工作产品,如模型、视图和工件。此外,还有架构能力框架,它描述了建立和维护企业架构能力所需的组织、过程和技能。
5. **版本更新**
- TOGAF v9.1 相比之前的版本进行了更新和完善,以更好地应对不断变化的商业环境和技术挑战,确保企业能够灵活地适应变革。
6. **反馈与支持**
- 任何对TOGAF v9.1 文档内容的意见或建议可以通过电子邮件提交给 Open Group 的特定邮箱地址。
TOGAF 9.1 为架构师和企业领导者提供了一种结构化的方法,以协调技术决策与业务策略,促进企业内部的沟通、协作和决策制定,从而提高效率和创新力。通过理解和应用TOGAF,企业可以更好地规划其IT投资,实现业务目标,并降低集成不同系统和解决方案的风险。
Contents
43.3.7 Communications Infrastr ucture Interface ..................................... 499
43.3.8 Qualities....................................................................................... 499
43.4 Application Platfor m —Taxonomy.................................................. 500
43.4.1 Basic Pr inciples ........................................................................... 500
43.4.2 Application Platfor m Ser vice Categor ies ..................................... 500
43.4.3 Application Platfor m Ser vice Qualities ......................................... 504
43.5 Detailed Platfor m Taxonomy........................................................... 506
43.5.1 Data Interchange Services .......................................................... 506
43.5.2 Data Management Services ........................................................ 507
43.5.3 Graphics and Imaging Services ................................................... 508
43.5.4 International Operation Services ................................................. 509
43.5.5 Location and DirectorySer vices.................................................. 510
43.5.6 Networ k Ser vices ........................................................................ 510
43.5.7 Operating System Services ......................................................... 512
43.5.8 Software Engineering Services ................................................... 513
43.5.9 Transaction Processing Services ................................................. 514
43.5.10 User Interface Services ............................................................... 515
43.5.11 Security Services ......................................................................... 515
43.5.12 System and Networ k Management Services .............................. 517
43.5.13 Object-Oriented Provision of Services ........................................ 519
Chapter 44 Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference
Model.............................................................................................. 523
44.1 Basic Concepts ............................................................................... 523
44.1.1 Background ................................................................................. 523
44.1.2 Components of the Model ........................................................... 524
44.1.3 Relationship to Other parts of TOGAF ........................................ 524
44.1.4 Key Business and Technical Drivers ............................................ 524
44.1.5 Status of the III-RM...................................................................... 526
44.2 High-LevelView.............................................................................. 527
44.2.1 Derivation of the III-RM from the TRM......................................... 527
44.2.2 High-LevelIII-RM Graphic ........................................................... 528
44.2.3 Components of the High-LevelIII-RM ......................................... 529
44.3 Detailed Taxonomy......................................................................... 531
44.3.1 Detailed III-RM Graphic ............................................................... 531
44.3.2 Business Applications .................................................................. 531
44.3.3 Infrastr ucture Applications ........................................................... 536
44.3.4 Application Platfor m..................................................................... 537
44.3.5 Qualities....................................................................................... 541
Part VII Architecture Capability Framework ............................. 543
Chapter 45 Introduction ................................................................................. 545
45.1 Over view......................................................................................... 545
45.2 Structure of Par t VII ........................................................................ 546
Chapter 46 Establishing an Architecture Capability .......................... 547
46.1 Over view......................................................................................... 547
46.2 Phase A: Architecture Vision .......................................................... 548
46.3 Phase B: Business Architecture ..................................................... 549
46.4 Phase C: Data Architecture ............................................................ 549
xvi Open Group Standard (2011)
© 2009-2011 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved
Personal PDF Edition. Not for redistribution
Contents
46.5 Phase C: Application Architecture .................................................. 550
46.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture ................................................. 550
46.7 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions ............................................... 550
46.8 Phase F: Migration Planning .......................................................... 550
46.9 Phase G: Implementation Governance .......................................... 550
46.10 Phase H: Architecture Change Management ................................. 551
46.11 Requirements Management ........................................................... 551
Chapter 47 Architecture Board.................................................................... 553
47.1 Role ................................................................................................ 553
47.2 Responsibilities............................................................................... 553
47.3 Setting Up the Architecture Board .................................................. 554
47.3.1 Triggers ........................................................................................ 554
47.3.2 Sizeofthe Board......................................................................... 555
47.3.3 Board Str ucture ........................................................................... 555
47.4 Operation of the Architecture Board............................................... 556
47.4.1 General ........................................................................................ 556
47.4.2 Preparation .................................................................................. 556
47.4.3 Agenda ........................................................................................ 557
Chapter 48 Architecture Compliance........................................................ 559
48.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 559
48.2 Ter minology: The Meaning of Architecture Compliance................. 559
48.3 Architecture Compliance Reviews .................................................. 561
48.3.1 Purpose ....................................................................................... 561
48.3.2 Timing.......................................................................................... 562
48.3.3 Governance and Personnel Scenarios ........................................ 563
48.4 Architecture Compliance ReviewProcess ...................................... 563
48.4.1 Over view...................................................................................... 563
48.4.2 Roles ........................................................................................... 565
48.4.3 Steps ........................................................................................... 566
48.5 Architecture Compliance ReviewChecklists .................................. 567
48.5.1 Hardware and Operating System Checklist ................................. 567
48.5.2 Software Services and Middleware Checklist .............................. 568
48.5.3 Applications Checklists ................................................................ 569
48.5.4 Infor mation Management Checklists ........................................... 572
48.5.5 Security Checklist ........................................................................ 573
48.5.6 System Management Checklist ................................................... 574
48.5.7 System Engineer ing/Overall Architecture
Checklists .................................................................................... 575
48.5.8 System Engineer ing/Methods &Tools Checklist ......................... 577
48.6 Architecture Compliance ReviewGuidelines .................................. 579
48.6.1 Tailor ing the Checklists ................................................................ 579
48.6.2 Conducting Architecture Compliance Reviews ............................ 579
Chapter 49 Architecture Contracts............................................................ 581
49.1 Role ................................................................................................ 581
49.2 Contents ......................................................................................... 582
49.2.1 Statement of Architecture Wor k ................................................... 582
49.2.2 Contract between Architecture Design and
Development Par tners................................................................. 583
49.2.3 Contract between Architecting Function and
TOGAF
®
Version 9.1 xvii
© 2009-2011 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved
Personal PDF Edition. Not for redistribution
Contents
Business Users............................................................................ 583
49.3 Relationship to Architecture Governance ....................................... 584
Chapter 50 Architecture Governance....................................................... 585
50.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 585
50.1.1 Levels of Governance within the Enterpr ise ................................ 585
50.1.2 Nature of Governance ................................................................. 586
50.1.3 Technology Governance .............................................................. 587
50.1.4 IT Governance ............................................................................. 587
50.1.5 Architecture Governance: Over view............................................ 588
50.2 Architecture Governance Framework ............................................. 589
50.2.1 Architecture Governance Framework — Conceptual
Str ucture...................................................................................... 589
50.2.2 Architecture Governance Framework —
Organizational Structure .............................................................. 591
50.3 Architecture Governance in Practice .............................................. 593
50.3.1 Architecture Governance — Key Success Factors ...................... 593
50.3.2 Elements of an EffectiveArchitecture Governance
Strategy ....................................................................................... 594
Chapter 51 Architecture Maturity Models............................................... 595
51.1 Over view......................................................................................... 595
51.2 Background .................................................................................... 596
51.3 US DoC ACMM Framework ............................................................ 596
51.3.1 Over view...................................................................................... 596
51.3.2 Elements of the ACMM ................................................................ 597
51.3.3 Example: Enter pr ise Architecture Process Maturity
Levels .......................................................................................... 597
51.4 Capability Matur ity Models Integration (CMMI) .............................. 600
51.4.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 600
51.4.2 SCAMPI Method .......................................................................... 601
51.5 Conclusions.................................................................................... 601
Chapter 52 Architecture Skills Framework............................................. 603
52.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 603
52.2 Need foranEnter prise Architecture Skills Framework ................... 603
52.2.1 Definitional Rigor ......................................................................... 603
52.2.2 Basis of an Internal Architecture Practice .................................... 604
52.3 Goals/Rationale.............................................................................. 605
52.3.1 Certification of Enterpr ise Architects ........................................... 605
52.3.2 Specific Benefits .......................................................................... 605
52.4 Enterpr ise Architecture Role and Skill Categories ......................... 606
52.4.1 Over view...................................................................................... 606
52.4.2 TOGAF Roles .............................................................................. 606
52.4.3 Categories of Skills...................................................................... 607
52.4.4 Proficiency Levels ........................................................................ 608
52.5 Enterpr ise Architecture Role and Skill Definitions.......................... 608
52.5.1 Generic Skills............................................................................... 608
52.5.2 Business Skills & Methods .......................................................... 609
52.5.3 Enterpr ise Architecture Skills ...................................................... 609
52.5.4 ProgramorProject Management Skills ....................................... 610
52.5.5 IT General Knowledge Skills ....................................................... 610
xviii Open Group Standard (2011)
© 2009-2011 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved
Personal PDF Edition. Not for redistribution
Contents
52.5.6 Technical IT Skills........................................................................ 611
52.5.7 Legal Environment ....................................................................... 611
52.6 Generic Role and Skills of the Enterpr ise Architect ........................ 612
52.6.1 Generic Role................................................................................ 612
52.6.2 Character ization in Ter ms of the Enterpr ise
Continuum ................................................................................... 614
52.6.3 Key Character istics of an Enterpr ise Architect ............................ 614
52.7 Conclusions.................................................................................... 615
Part VIII Appendices................................................................................ 617
Appendix A Glossar y of SupplementaryDefinitions........................... 619
Appendix B Abbreviations.............................................................................. 633
Index ............................................................................................... 639
List of Figures
1-1 Structure of the TOGAF Document ................................................... 3
2-1 Relationships between Deliverables,Artifacts,and
Building Blocks .................................................................................. 11
2-2 Example —Architecture Definition Document .................................. 12
2-3 Enterpr ise Continuum ........................................................................ 13
2-4 TOGAF Architecture RepositoryStr ucture ........................................ 14
2-5 TOGAF Architecture Capability Over view......................................... 16
5-1 Architecture Development Cycle ....................................................... 47
5-2 Integration of Architecture Artifacts ................................................... 55
6-1 PreliminaryPhase ............................................................................. 57
6-2 Management Fr ameworkstoCo-ordinate with TOGAF ..................... 61
6-3 Interoperability and Relationships between Management
Fr a meworks....................................................................................... 63
7-1 Phase A: Architecture Vision ............................................................. 69
8-1 Phase B: Business Architecture ........................................................ 79
8-2 UML Business Class Diagram........................................................... 82
9-1 Phase C: Infor mation Systems Architectures .................................... 93
12-1 Phase D: Technology Architecture .................................................... 119
13-1 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions .................................................. 131
14-1 Phase F: Migration Planning ............................................................. 141
15-1 Phase G: Implementation Governance ............................................. 149
16-1 Phase H: Architecture Change Management .................................... 157
17-1 ADM Architecture Requirements Management ................................. 167
19-1 Iteration Cycles.................................................................................. 182
19-2 Classes of Enterpr ise Architecture Engagement............................... 183
19-3 A HierarchyofADM Processes Example .......................................... 188
19-4 Activity by Iteration for Baseline First Architecture
Definition ............................................................................................ 190
19-5 Activity by Iteration for Target First Architecture
Definition ............................................................................................ 190
20-1 SummaryClassification Model for Architecture
Landscapes ....................................................................................... 195
TOGAF
®
Ve rsion 9.1 xix
© 2009-2011 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved
Personal PDF Edition. Not for redistribution
Contents
20-2 SummaryofArchitecture Continuum ................................................. 196
22-1 The Open Group SOAGover nance Fr amework ................................ 222
22-2 The Open Group SOAReference Architecture ................................. 224
22-3 SOAEntities in the Content Metamodel ............................................ 225
24-1 Sample Stakeholders and Categories ............................................... 253
24-2 Stakeholder Pow erGrid..................................................................... 255
26-1 Creating aBusiness Scenario ........................................................... 273
26-2 Phases of Developing Business Scenarios ....................................... 273
26-3 RelativeContr ibutions to a Business Scenario .................................. 278
26-4 Relevance of Requirements Throughout the ADM............................ 278
27-1 Gap Analysis Example ...................................................................... 290
28-1 Implementation Factor Assessment and Deduction Matrix ............... 293
28-2 Consolidated Gaps,Solutions,and Dependencies Matrix ................ 294
28-3 Architecture Definition Increments Table ........................................... 294
28-4 Transition Architecture State Evolution Table .................................... 295
28-5 Sample Project Assessment with Respect to Business
Value and Risk................................................................................... 296
29-1 Business Infor mation Interoperability Matrix ...................................... 301
29-2 Infor mation Systems Interoperability Matrix ...................................... 301
30-1 Business Tr ansfor mation Readiness Assessment —
Matur ity Model ................................................................................... 308
30-2 SummaryTable of Business Transfor mation Readiness
Assessment ....................................................................................... 310
31-1 Risk Classification Scheme ............................................................... 315
31-2 Sample Risk Identification and Mitigation Assessment
Worksheet ......................................................................................... 316
32-1 Capability-Based Planning Concept .................................................. 320
32-2 Capability Increments and Dimensions ............................................. 321
32-3 Capability Increment ‘‘Radar’’............................................................ 322
32-4 Relationship Between Capabilities,Enter prise
Architecture,and Projects ................................................................. 323
33-1 Relationships between Deliverables,Artifacts,and
Building Blocks .................................................................................. 328
33-2 Example —Architecture Definition Document .................................. 328
33-3 Content Metamodel Over view........................................................... 329
34-1 TOGAF Content Metamodel and its Extensions................................ 332
34-2 Core Entities and their Relationships ................................................ 334
34-3 Interactions between Metamodel, Building Blocks,
Diagrams,and Stakeholders ............................................................. 335
34-4 Content Fr amework byADM Phases................................................. 336
34-5 Detailed Representation of the Content Metamodel.......................... 337
34-6 Entities and Relationships Present within the Core
Content Metamodel ........................................................................... 339
34-7 Content Metamodel with Extensions ................................................. 340
34-8 Relationships between Entities in the Full Metamodel ...................... 341
34-9 Core Content Metamodel and Predefined Extension Modules.......... 342
34-10 Core Content with Governance Extensions....................................... 343
34-11 Governance Extensions: Changes to Metamodel ............................. 345
34-12 Services Extension: Changes to Metamodel..................................... 347
34-13 Process Modeling Extensions: Changes to Metamodel .................... 348
34-14 Data Extensions: Changes to Metamodel ......................................... 350
34-15 Infrastr ucture Consolidation Extensions: Changes to
xx Open Group Standard (2011)
© 2009-2011 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved
Personal PDF Edition. Not for redistribution
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