ONVIF编程实战指南

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"ONVIF编程指南，涵盖了ONVIF协议的交互流程，适用于软件开发者理解和实现ONVIF兼容的设备或应用。" ONVIF（开放网络视频接口论坛）是一种全球性的标准，旨在规范网络视频监控设备之间的通信。这个编程指南是针对那些希望在他们的应用程序中集成ONVIF功能的开发人员，它详细阐述了如何与遵循ONVIF标准的设备进行通信和交互。在ONVIF中，主要涉及以下知识点： 1. **ONVIF服务**：ONVIF定义了几种核心服务，包括媒体服务（Media Service）、设备管理服务（Device Management Service）、访问控制服务（Access Control Service）等。这些服务允许设备提供视频流、设备配置、用户认证等功能。 2. **SOAP协议**：ONVIF基于SOAP（简单对象访问协议）进行通信，这是一种XML（可扩展标记语言）为基础的Web服务协议，用于交换结构化的信息。开发者需要理解SOAP消息的结构和如何创建、发送及处理这些消息。 3. **XML和WSDL**：WSDL（Web服务描述语言）是定义ONVIF服务接口的标准方式，它使用XML来描述服务的输入、输出、地址和绑定。开发者需要阅读并解析WSDL文件来理解服务的API。 4. **设备发现**：ONVIF设备可以通过网络广播（UPnP）或HTTP/HTTPS请求被发现。这涉及到网络编程和多播技术，以识别和连接到网络上的ONVIF设备。 5. **认证与安全**：ONVIF支持多种认证机制，如基本认证、digest认证、TLS/SSL加密等。理解并实现这些安全机制对于确保数据传输的安全至关重要。 6. **媒体流管理**：通过媒体服务，开发者可以获取视频流、音频流以及元数据。这涉及到RTSP（实时流协议）和MJPEG等视频传输协议的使用。 7. **事件订阅和推送**：ONVIF设备能够发送事件通知，例如运动检测、报警触发等。开发者需要学习如何订阅这些事件，并对收到的事件作出响应。 8. **设备配置**：设备管理服务允许远程配置设备参数，如视频分辨率、帧率等。开发者需要了解如何通过ONVIF接口修改设备设置。 9. **测试工具和模拟器**：为了进行开发和测试，存在一些ONVIF测试工具和模拟器，如ONVIF Device Tool，它们可以帮助开发者验证其应用程序是否正确实现了ONVIF规范。在实际编程过程中，开发者还需要遵循ONVIF提供的API规范，理解并实现各个服务的调用流程，确保程序的稳定性和兼容性。此外，由于ONVIF标准会持续更新，开发者需要保持对最新版本的关注，以便及时适应新的功能和要求。

ONVIF

– 16 – ONVIF APG - Ver. 1.0

5 Initial Setup and Administration

5.1

First Actions After Discovery

After ONVIF devices are discovered using WS-Discovery, you would typically access a device

using the supplied XAddrs to test where it is reachable. Use device.GetSystemDateAndTime

to accomplish this because it should not require authentication. You can also consider calling

device.GetDeviceInformation and device.GetCapabilities.

5.1.1 Prerequisites

 Devices must already be discovered.

 At least one valid XAddrs for the device service entry point.

5.1.2 Targeted Services and Technologies

 [ONVIF/Device] and [devicemgmt.wsdl]

5.1.3 ONVIF::ProcessMatch

When processing the list of discovered devices, first do a

device.GetDeviceSystemDateAndTime() call:

 To determine if the device is reachable with the supplied XAddr

 To obtain the device time

 To determine the time offset, which will be used later when authenticating (see Section

6.1, Authentication, for more information)

he following subfunction describes how a ProbeMatch message should be processed. It takes

the following parameter:

 aProbeMatch - A ProbeMatch message received as reaction to a Probe request.

// Try to connect to the device and store the XAddr that works.

// Use GetSystemDateAndTime for checking and to get the time offset.

// Find out information and capabilities etc.

ProcessMatch(aProbeMatch)

{

// For authentication to work, it is important to have

// the same time in device and client so the Created time

// is not off with too much. E.g. 5 seconds.

// device.GetSystemDateAndTime should not require authentication,

// we use that function to check the XAddrs in the ProbeMatch response.

// onvifdev is a placeholder that we populate with valid XAddr,

// authentication info and capabilities etc.

onvifdev = App.createNewDeviceInstance();

device = null;

systemDateAndTime = ONVIF::CheckXaddrsAndGetTime(device, onvifdev, aProbeMatch);

if (!aSystemDateAndTime) {

// No valid response – probably communication or authentication failure!

// Return and try next XAddr

return;

}

// Generate a time offset based on device time

// Either UTCDateTime or LocalDateTime or both should be present.

devicetime = ParseSystemDateAndTime(aSystemDateAndTime);

ONVIF

– 17 – ONVIF APG - Ver. 1.0

// Store time offset in the device place holder for later use

// when creating service objects and handling authentication.

onvifdev.timeoffset = devicetime - time(NULL) - 1;

// Assign desired username and password to be used

// (framework dependant). See chapter 6.1 for details.

App.SetAuthenticationInformation(onvifdev);

ONVIF::UpdateCapabilities(device ,onvifdev);

}

5.1.4 ONVIF::UpdateCapabilities

After you have established a valid way to communicate with the device, use actions such as

GetDeviceInformation, GetCapabilities, and possibly GetSystemLog to obtain state and

capabilities for the device. You also must obtain the URIs for the various services that the device

supports.

Parameters are:

 device – An instance that represents the device service.

 onvifdev – Data object for collecting and combining device-specific information that is

required for various services. For example, storing service URLs that are required for

media, PTZ, or other services.

UpdateCapabilities(device, onvifdev)

{

aDeviceInformation = device.GetDeviceInformation();

// Store/Process interesting stuff from DeviceInformation

onvifdev.model = aDeviceInformation.Model;

onvifdev.serial = aDeviceInformation.SerialNumber;

// Get the capabilities and

// store all or interesting portions of the capabilities.

onvifdev.capabilities = device.GetCapabilities(Category = "All");

// Store the XAddr of the different services - these will be used

// later on when accessing Events and Media service.

onvifdev.devicexaddr = onvifdev.capabilities.Device.XAddr;

onvifdev.eventsxaddr = onvifdev.capabilities.Events.XAddr;

onvifdev.mediaxaddr = onvifdev.capabilities.Media.XAddr;

// Other and future ONVIF devices may have additional services

// If Capabilities/System/SystemLogging is true,

// the log could be interesting.

if (aProbeMatch.capabilities.System.SystemLogging) {

log = device.GetSystemLog(LogType = "System");

App.CheckLog(onvifdev, log);

}

NOTICE:

Service addresses are not fixed. They vary according to the vendor and device,

and might require different handling. Therefore, this information must be

updated dynamically.

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