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首页HCIE-HCIAR&S二层技术深度解析
"HCIE-HCIAR&S复习资料.pdf" 是一份详尽的华为认证学习材料,涵盖了从HCIA到HCIE级别的数通技术,特别是关于二层技术、STP/RSTP、MSTP以及VLAN的深度解析。
在二层技术章节,主要讨论了STP(Spanning Tree Protocol)和RSTP( Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol)。STP的出现是为了防止二层网络中的环路问题,它通过选举根桥、确定端口角色并阻塞某些端口来构建一棵无环的树形结构。STP的基本概念包括根桥的选择、路径开销的计算、端口状态的转换等。报文格式包含配置BPDU和TCNBPDU,它们用于维护网络的拓扑信息。STP拓扑计算涉及BPDU的交互过程和算法的执行,RSTP则在此基础上进行了优化,减少了端口状态转换的时间,实现了更快的收敛。
RSTP对STP的主要改进包括引入了边缘端口和快速迁移机制,显著提高了网络的稳定性。RSTP技术细节部分详细讲解了RSTP如何处理拓扑变化以及与STP的互操作。同时,提供了配置STP和RSTP的实例,帮助读者理解和应用这些概念。
MSTP(Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol)是STP的增强版,旨在解决单个STP无法处理多个VLAN的问题。MSTP支持多个生成树实例(MSTI),每个实例对应一组VLAN。MSTP报文格式可以配置,并且具有快速收敛机制,如CST(Common Spanning Tree)、IST(Internal Spanning Tree)和MSTI(Multiple Spanning Tree Instance)的概念。配置MSTP时,不仅包括基础的配置,还可以与VRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)结合,实现更高级的网络冗余和负载均衡。
VLAN(Virtual Local Area Network)章节介绍了VLAN的基本概念,如VLAN帧格式、链路类型的分类(如Access、Trunk和Hybrid)。VLAN的使用能够有效地隔离广播域,提高网络效率。
这份复习资料深入浅出地阐述了华为数通领域的核心知识,对于备考HCIE-HCIAR&S或者提升二层网络管理技能的IT专业人士来说,是一份宝贵的参考资料。
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/19341548/bg10.jpg)
组网要求
.............................................................................................................................................. 814
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 814
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 814
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 816
3.3
OSPF
V
3....................................................................................................... 817
3.3.1
OSPFv3
基本原理
.................................................................................................... 817
OSPFv3
报文类型
................................................................................................................................ 817
LSA
类型
.............................................................................................................................................. 818
设备类型
.............................................................................................................................................. 818
OSPFv3
路由类型
................................................................................................................................ 819
区域类型
.............................................................................................................................................. 820
OSPFv3
支持的网络类型
..................................................................................................................... 820
Stub
区域
.............................................................................................................................................. 821
OSPFv3
路由聚合
................................................................................................................................ 821
OSPFv3
虚连接
.................................................................................................................................... 821
OSPFv3
多进程
.................................................................................................................................... 822
3.3.2
OSPFv3 GR .............................................................................................................. 822
基本概念
.............................................................................................................................................. 822
GR
过程
............................................................................................................................................... 823
有无
GR
技术的比较
............................................................................................................................ 824
3.3.3
OSPFv3
与
BGP
联动
.............................................................................................. 824
OSPFv3
与
BGP
联动过程
................................................................................................................... 825
3.3.4
OSPFv3
和
OSPFv2
协议比较
................................................................................. 825
3.3.5
配置
OSPFv3
区域示例
........................................................................................... 827
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 827
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 827
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 827
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 830
3.3.6
配置
OSPFv3
的
DR
选择示例
................................................................................ 832
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 832
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 833
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 833
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 836
3.4
MP-BGP...................................................................................................... 837
3.4.1
MP-BGP .................................................................................................................... 837
扩展属性
.............................................................................................................................................. 837
地址族
.................................................................................................................................................. 838
3.4.2
配置
BGP4+
基本功能示例
...................................................................................... 838
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 838
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 838
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 838
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 840
3.4.3
配置
BGP4+
路由反射示例
...................................................................................... 842
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 842
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 842
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 843
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 845
第四章
MPLS VPN .......................................................................... 848
4.1
MPLS
基础
................................................................................................. 848
4.1.1
MPLS
基本结构
....................................................................................................... 848
网络结构
.............................................................................................................................................. 848
体系结构
.............................................................................................................................................. 849
4.1.2
MPLS
标签
............................................................................................................... 850
转发等价类
.......................................................................................................................................... 850
标签
...................................................................................................................................................... 850
标签空间
.............................................................................................................................................. 850
标签栈
.................................................................................................................................................. 851
标签操作类型
....................................................................................................................................... 851
4.1.3
LSP
的建立
............................................................................................................... 852
LSP
的基本建立过程
........................................................................................................................... 852
静态
LSP
的建立
.................................................................................................................................. 852
动态
LSP
的建立
.................................................................................................................................. 852
4.1.4
MPLS
转发
............................................................................................................... 853
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/19341548/bg11.jpg)
MPLS
报文的基本转发原理
................................................................................................................. 853
MPLS
详细转发过程
............................................................................................................................ 853
4.1.5
MPLS
对
TTL
的处理
.............................................................................................. 855
MPLS
对
TTL
的处理模式
................................................................................................................... 855
ICMP
响应报文
.................................................................................................................................... 856
4.1.6
MPLS QoS
的实现
................................................................................................... 856
MPLS DiffServ ..................................................................................................................................... 856
MPLS DiffServ
的隧道化模式
.............................................................................................................. 857
4.1.7
MPLS Ping/MPLS Tracert ........................................................................................ 857
介绍
...................................................................................................................................................... 857
MPLS Ping ........................................................................................................................................... 858
MPLS Tracert ........................................................................................................................................ 858
4.1.8
配置静态
LSP
示例
.................................................................................................. 859
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 859
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 859
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 860
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 865
4.1.9
配置静态
BFD
检测静态
LSP
示例
........................................................................ 867
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 867
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 868
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 868
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 874
4.2
MPLS
LDP .................................................................................................. 877
4.2.1
LDP
基本概念
.......................................................................................................... 877
LDP
邻接体
.......................................................................................................................................... 877
LDP
对等体
.......................................................................................................................................... 877
LDP
会话
.............................................................................................................................................. 877
LDP
消息类型
...................................................................................................................................... 878
标签空间
.............................................................................................................................................. 878
LDP
标识符
.......................................................................................................................................... 879
4.2.2
LDP
工作机制
.......................................................................................................... 879
LDP
会话
.............................................................................................................................................. 879
标签的发布和管理
............................................................................................................................... 880
4.2.3
LDP
标签过滤机制
.................................................................................................. 883
LDP Outbound
策略
.............................................................................................................................. 883
LDP Inbound
策略
................................................................................................................................ 883
4.2.4
LDP
与静态路由联动
.............................................................................................. 884
4.2.5
LDP
与
IGP
联动
...................................................................................................... 884
产生背景
.............................................................................................................................................. 884
相关概念
.............................................................................................................................................. 885
实现过程
.............................................................................................................................................. 885
4.2.6
BFD for LSP ............................................................................................................. 886
实现机制
.............................................................................................................................................. 886
BFD
会话的建立
.................................................................................................................................. 886
4.2.7
LDP FRR................................................................................................................... 887
应用场景
.............................................................................................................................................. 888
4.2.8
LDP GR..................................................................................................................... 888
4.2.9
LDP NSR .................................................................................................................. 889
4.2.10
LDP
安全机制
.......................................................................................................... 890
LDP
报文
MD5
验证
............................................................................................................................ 890
LDP
报文
Keychain
验证
...................................................................................................................... 890
LDP GTSM ........................................................................................................................................... 890
4.2.11
LDP
跨域扩展
.......................................................................................................... 891
4.2.12
配置
LDP
本地会话示例
......................................................................................... 892
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 892
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 892
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 892
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 894
4.2.13
配置远端
LDP
会话示例
......................................................................................... 896
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 896
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 896
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 896
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 898
4.2.14
配置
LDP
自动触发
DoD
请求功能示例
................................................................ 900
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 900
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/19341548/bg12.jpg)
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 900
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 900
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 905
4.2.15
配置
LSP
建立的触发策略示例
.............................................................................. 907
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 907
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 907
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 908
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 909
4.2.16
配置
Transit LSP
建立的触发策略示例
.................................................................. 911
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 911
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 911
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 911
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 913
4.2.17
配置
PWE3
策略示例
.............................................................................................. 916
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 916
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 916
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 917
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 923
4.2.18
配置静态
BFD
检测
LDP LSP
示例
........................................................................ 925
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 925
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 926
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 926
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 930
4.2.19
配置动态
BFD
检测
LDP LSP
示例
........................................................................ 933
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 933
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 933
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 933
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 937
4.2.20
配置
LDP
和静态路由同步示例
............................................................................. 939
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 939
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 939
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 939
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 942
4.2.21
配置
LDP
与
IGP
联动示例
..................................................................................... 945
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 945
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 945
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 945
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 950
4.2.22
配置
LDP GR
示例
................................................................................................... 952
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 952
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 953
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 953
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 955
4.2.23
配置
Manual LDP FRR
示例
.................................................................................... 957
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 957
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 957
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 957
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 961
4.2.24
配置
LDP Auto FRR
示例
........................................................................................ 963
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 963
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 963
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 963
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 969
4.2.25
配置
LDP Inbound
策略示例
................................................................................... 972
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 972
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 972
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 972
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 975
4.2.26
配置
LDP Outbound
策略示例
................................................................................ 977
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 977
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 977
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 978
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 980
4.2.27
配置
LDP GTSM
示例
............................................................................................. 982
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 982
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/19341548/bg13.jpg)
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 983
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 983
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 984
4.2.28
配置
LDP
跨域扩展示例
......................................................................................... 986
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................. 986
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................. 986
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................. 986
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................. 991
4.3
BGP/MPLS
IP
VPN ..................................................................................... 994
4.3.1
基本概念
................................................................................................................... 994
Site ....................................................................................................................................................... 994
地址空间重叠
....................................................................................................................................... 995
VPN
实例
............................................................................................................................................. 995
RD
和
VPN-IPv4
地址
.......................................................................................................................... 996
VPN Target ........................................................................................................................................... 997
4.3.2
基本原理
................................................................................................................... 997
私网标签分配
....................................................................................................................................... 998
私网路由交叉
....................................................................................................................................... 998
公网隧道迭代
....................................................................................................................................... 998
私网路由的选择规则
........................................................................................................................... 998
BGP/MPLS IP VPN
的路由发布
........................................................................................................... 999
BGP/MPLS IP VPN
的报文转发
......................................................................................................... 1000
4.3.3
基本组网
................................................................................................................. 1001
Intranet VPN ....................................................................................................................................... 1001
Extranet VPN ...................................................................................................................................... 1002
Hub and Spoke .................................................................................................................................... 1003
4.3.4
VPN FRR ................................................................................................................ 1003
产生背景
............................................................................................................................................ 1003
实现原理
............................................................................................................................................ 1004
4.3.5
VPN GR .................................................................................................................. 1005
概述
.................................................................................................................................................... 1005
实现前提
............................................................................................................................................ 1005
实现过程
............................................................................................................................................ 1005
4.3.6
VPN NSR ................................................................................................................ 1006
4.3.7
配置
BGP/MPLS IP VPN
示例
.............................................................................. 1006
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1006
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1006
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1007
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1016
4.3.8
配置
BGP/MPLS IP VPN
地址空间重叠示例
...................................................... 1021
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1021
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1021
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1022
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1029
4.3.9
配置本地
VPN
互访示例
....................................................................................... 1033
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1033
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1033
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1034
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1036
4.3.10
配置
Hub and Spoke
示例
...................................................................................... 1037
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1037
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1038
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1038
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1044
4.3.11
配置
Multi-VPN-Instance CE
示例
........................................................................ 1049
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1049
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1049
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1050
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1057
4.3.12
配置
VPN
报文策略路由到
LSP
示例
.................................................................. 1063
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1063
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1063
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1063
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1065
4.3.13
配置
HoVPN
示例
.................................................................................................. 1070
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/19341548/bg14.jpg)
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1070
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1070
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1071
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1076
4.3.14
配置
OSPF
伪连接示例
......................................................................................... 1080
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1080
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1081
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1081
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1089
4.3.15
置
BGP AS
号替换示例
......................................................................................... 1094
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1094
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1094
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1094
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1098
4.3.16
配置
CE
双归属示例
.............................................................................................. 1102
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................1102
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................1103
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................1103
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................. 1113
4.3.17
配置
VPN FRR
示例
.............................................................................................. 1120
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................1120
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................1120
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................1120
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................1126
4.3.18
配置私网
IP FRR
示例
........................................................................................... 1130
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................1130
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................1131
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................1131
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................1134
4.3.19
配置双反射器优化
VPN
骨干层示例
................................................................... 1137
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................1137
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................1138
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................1138
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................1143
4.3.20
配置
VPN
与
Internet
互联示例
............................................................................ 1150
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................1150
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................1150
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................1150
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................1155
4.3.21
配置应用于
L3VPN
的隧道策略示例
.................................................................. 1159
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................1159
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................1160
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................1160
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................1169
4.3.22
配置
MCE IPv6
示例
............................................................................................. 1175
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................1175
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................1176
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................1176
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................1181
4.3.23
配置基本
BGP/MPLS IPv6 VPN
示例
.................................................................. 1189
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................1189
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................1190
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................1190
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................1199
4.3.24
配置
Hub&Spoke
示例(
PE
与
CE
间使用
BGP4+
)
......................................... 1206
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1206
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1207
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1207
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1214
4.3.25
配置
Hub&Spoke
示例(
Hub-PE
与
Hub-CE
间使用缺省路由)
...................... 1221
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................ 1221
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................ 1221
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................ 1222
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................ 1230
4.3.26
配置
CE
双归属示例
.............................................................................................. 1236
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