精通ASP.NET Web API 2：MVC开发者指南

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"Expert ASP.NET Web API 2 for MVC Developers" 是一本专为ASP.NET MVC开发者量身打造的深入指南，它涵盖了ASP.NET Web API 2的最新技术和实践。该书由经验丰富的作者撰写，旨在帮助读者理解和构建高效、RESTful的Web服务应用程序。在第一部分"Getting Ready"，作者引导读者进行必要的准备，从第一章开始，逐步介绍如何为开发Web API 2项目做好基础设置。章节2 "Your First Web API Application" 概述了如何建立首个Web API项目，包括创建控制器和定义基本路由。随后的章节（3-7）深化技术细节，如关键技巧、HTTP web服务的工作原理、SportsStore示例项目的搭建，以及客户端的创建和部署，这些内容将帮助读者掌握Web API的核心架构和开发流程。第二部分"Results and Parameters"重点关注API的结果处理和参数绑定。第九章"ASP.NET Web API的解剖"解释了API的组成部分，让开发者理解其内在工作原理。第十章介绍了如何配置和创建Web API应用，确保它们能正确响应请求。第十一到十四章分别讨论了动作方法结果、媒体类型格式化器的创建与使用、内置媒体格式的优化以及参数绑定和模型绑定的深入理解。第五章至第八章中的SportsStore案例继续扩展了这些概念，展示了如何处理复杂数据类型和客户端通信。这本书不仅适合初学者提升对Web API 2的理解，也适合有一定经验的开发者寻找最佳实践和高级技巧。通过阅读本书，读者将能够熟练掌握如何设计、实现和部署高效、可维护的ASP.NET Web API解决方案，从而提升他们的开发能力。由于本书是英文原版且无水印，所以它提供了优质的教育资源，适用于专业开发环境中。

CHAPTER 2 ■ YOUR FIRST WEB API APPLICATION

The repository for this application is simple and stores its data objects as a collection in memory that is exposed

through static properties. This means the model state will be lost when the application is restarted, but it does allow

me to keep the example simple. (I show a more persistent model in Chapter 5 when I create a larger and more realistic

MVC/Web API application that stores its model in a database.) In the static constructor, I add some default data so

that the model is populated with responses.

Creating the MVC Controller

My next step is to create an MVC controller that will generate content and receive form data from my application

clients. Web API also has controllers—as you will see in the “Creating the Web Service” section—and I will be clear

about which kind of controller I am using throughout this book. I created an MVC controller by right-clicking the

Controllers folder and selecting Add ➤ Controller from the pop-up menu. Figure 2-3 shows the options that Visual

Studio presents for creating controllers for both MVC and Web API.

Figure 2-3. Selecting a controller type

Visual Studio is able to generate a templated set of action methods for controllers, but I will be using empty

controllers for both MVC and Web API throughout this book. Just as with the project template, I prefer to define just

the code I need for my applications, and I follow the same approach for the examples in this book so that you know

where every action methods comes from and why I have added it.

I selected the MVC 5 Controller – Empty option from the list, clicked the Add button, and set the name to

HomeController, as shown in Figure 2-4.

CHAPTER 2 ■ YOUR FIRST WEB API APPLICATION

GuestResponse object (enforced by the use of the Required attribute in Listing 2-1), I update the repository and

render a view called Thanks. The final action method can be called only as a child action, and it returns the collection

of GuestResponse objects that represent users who have indicated they will attend.

This is a pretty basic controller, but it captures the core characteristics of most MVC framework applications, albeit

on a simplified basis. Operations are performed on the repository, form data values are bound to object properties

using model binding, and action methods are set up to be invoked based on the HTTP verb used in the request.

Creating the Views

I need to create a layout and four views for my example application. I created the Views/Shared folder, and Listing 2-4

shows the _Layout.cshtml file I added to it, which contains references for the Bootstrap, jQuery, and Knockout files.

Listing 2-4. The Contents of the _Layout.cshtml File

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>@ViewBag.Title</title>

<style>

body { padding-top: 10px; }

</style>

</head>

@RenderBody()

</body>

</html>

Listing 2-5 shows the Index.cshtml file that I created by right-clicking the Index action method in the Home

controller and selecting Add View from the pop-up menu. I set View Name to Index, ensured that the Use a Layout

Page option is checked, and clicked the Add button to create the view file. (Visual Studio also creates the

Views/_ViewStart.cshtml file, which ensures that the _Layout.cshtml file I created in Listing 2-4 is applied.)

Listing 2-5. The Contents of the Index.cshtml File

@{ ViewBag.Title = "Party!";}

<h2>We're going to have an exciting party!</h2>

<h3>And you are invited.</h3>

@Html.ActionLink("RSVP Now", "Rsvp", null, new { @class="btn btn-success"})

</div>

This view doesn’t contain any model data, but it does use the routing system to generate a link element that

targets the Rsvp action method on the same controller. Listing 2-6 shows the view that the Rsvp action renders, which

is the Rsvp.cshtml file I added to the /Views/Home folder.

CHAPTER 2 ■ YOUR FIRST WEB API APPLICATION

Listing 2-6. The Contents of the Rsvp.cshtml File

@model PartyInvites.Models.GuestResponse

@{ ViewBag.Title = "Rsvp"; }

@using (Html.BeginForm()) {

@Html.TextBoxFor(x => x.Name, new { @class = "form-control" })

</div>

<label>Your email:</label>

@Html.TextBoxFor(x => x.Email, new { @class = "form-control" })

</div>

<label>Will you attend?</label>

@Html.DropDownListFor(x => x.WillAttend, new[] {

new SelectListItem() {Text = "Yes, I'll be there",

Value = bool.TrueString},

new SelectListItem() {Text = "No, I can't come",

Value = bool.FalseString}

}, "Choose an option", new { @class = "form-control" })

</div>

</div>

}

</div>

This view contains a standard HTML form that collects values from the user via input and select elements.

When the user submits the form with valid data, the Thanks.cshtml view in the Views/Home folder is rendered. You

can see the contents of the Thanks.cshtml file in Listing 2-7.

Listing 2-7. The Contents of the Thanks.cshtml File

@model PartyInvites.Models.GuestResponse

@{ ViewBag.Title = "Thanks";}

<h1>Thank you, @Model.Name!</h1>

@if (Model.WillAttend == true) {

@:It's great that you're coming. The drinks are already in the fridge!

@Html.Action("Attendees", "Home")

} else {

@:Sorry to hear that you can't make it, but thanks for letting us know.

}

</div>

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