面向对象编程与Java第二版

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"Springer.Object.Oriented.Programming.and.Java.2nd.Edition" 这本由Springer出版的《Object-Oriented Programming and Java》第二版是面向对象编程和Java语言的一份重要教材，作者包括Danny Poo、Derek Kiong以及Swarnalatha Ashok。这本书出自新加坡国立大学计算学院和新加坡系统科学研究所的专家之手，具有较高的学术价值和实践指导意义。书中的内容可能涵盖了以下几个核心知识点： 1. 面向对象编程基础：该书深入浅出地介绍了面向对象编程的基本概念，包括类、对象、封装、继承和多态等核心原则。这些是理解任何面向对象语言的基础，特别是Java。 2. Java语言特性：书中详细讲解了Java编程语言的各个方面，如语法、数据类型、控制结构、异常处理、输入/输出流、线程、集合框架等。读者将能掌握如何编写、编译和运行Java程序。 3. 类与对象：深入探讨如何设计和实现类，以及如何通过对象来抽象和表示现实世界中的问题。这包括接口的使用、构造函数、访问修饰符以及如何创建和使用对象。 4. 继承与多态：阐述Java中的继承机制，如何通过继承实现代码重用，以及多态的概念，包括方法的覆盖和重载，接口的实现，以及晚期绑定（动态绑定）的工作原理。 5. 异常处理：讲解Java中的异常处理模型，包括try-catch语句块、finally块以及如何自定义异常。 6. 高级Java特性：可能涵盖了Java的反射机制、注解（Annotation）、泛型、枚举、以及Java集合框架，包括List、Set、Map接口以及它们的实现类。 7. 网络编程与I/O：介绍Java如何处理网络通信，包括Socket编程，以及如何使用Java的I/O流进行文件读写和数据传输。 8. 多线程编程：讲解Java中的并发和多线程，包括线程的创建、同步机制（如synchronized关键字、Lock接口）以及线程池的使用。 9. 应用程序开发：可能包含如何构建Java桌面应用程序、Swing组件的使用，或者涉及到Java EE平台下的Web应用开发基础。 10. 最佳实践与设计模式：书中可能讨论了软件开发的最佳实践，如代码组织、测试驱动开发（TDD），以及常见的设计模式，如工厂模式、单例模式、观察者模式等。该书的第二版可能对第一版的内容进行了更新和完善，以适应Java语言的最新发展，如Java 5及以上版本引入的新特性。此外，还可能包含了案例研究和练习题，以帮助读者巩固所学知识并将其应用于实际项目中。由于篇幅限制，这里仅列出了部分可能涵盖的内容。完整书籍会提供更详尽的解释、示例代码和实践指导，对于希望深入学习Java编程和面向对象设计的读者来说是一本宝贵的参考资料。

programming in the form of method, object, and class definition. Encapsulation is

the manifestation of modularity in object-oriented programming to the fullest. As

will be made clear in chapter 8, encapsulation brings together related properties into

class definitions with the structural definition of classes hidden from their users. The

purpose of this approach is to hide the implementation detail of objects so that when

changes in implementation of objects are called for, users of the objects will not be

adversely affected.

Exception Handling is considered in chapter 9. This is especially important in

object-oriented programming, as the mechanism for the glue and safety net in code

integration and reuse.

The Java API is introduced in chapter 10 and continues with the core classes for

input/output, networking, graphical components and applets within Web browsers.

Input and output rely on

InputStream and OutputStream classes, as well as Reader

and

Writer classes in JDK 1.1.

Chapter 11 introduces network connections via TCP/IP using the

Socket

class, similar to those for input and output in chapter 10, as they share behavior from

InputStream and OutputStream. As multi-processing is typically used with client/

server applications, we have also included the multi-threading API in this chapter,

together with a skeleton Web server as the working example.

Collection classes with Generics in chapter 12 show how the concepts of modu-

larity and encapsulation work to facilitate code reuse. This chapter not only gives an

overview of the classes in the Collections Framework, but this framework is an

excellent sample of how reusable code is written.

The AWT model is elaborated with descriptions of its constituents and example

usage for Graphical User Interfaces in chapter 13. There are sufficient code examples

to build interfaces for most simple applications. We have also incorporated Swing

classes for better interactivity.

Applet development relate to graphical interfaces and the issue of dynamic

loading of compiled Java bytecodes. This is discussed in chapter 14. Situations where

applet behavior differs from Java applications, security measures and implementing a

loader over the network are also considered.

Chapter 15 covers Java Servlets. It is related to dynamic code loading and

applets in chapter 14, but occurring on the server side. This forms the basis for Java-

based Web applications.

Chapter 16 examines Java Object Serialization and Remote Method Invocation.

The former may be viewed as a continuation of input and output facilities discussed

Remote Method Invocation (RMI) for distributed applications. A simple client/server

application framework using RMI is provided.

Chapter 17 provides an overview of the popular requirement of working with

databases – Java Database Connectivity. This topic warrants a whole book, but we

limit our discussion to the rationale, perspective and architecture of JDBC together

with necessary methods for working with real databases.

xviii Overview

in chapter 10, but with the focus to implement object persistence. Object Serialization

is also used to move objects over a network and forms a key role in implementing

2 Object-Oriented Programming and Java

1.2 Objects and Their Interactions in the Real World

Let us consider a real-world situation. There are two persons, Benjamin and his wife,

Bambie. They are customers of HomeCare, a company dealing in luxurious furni-

ture. HomeCare sells a variety of sofa sets. Each sofa set is labeled with an identifi-

cation number and a price tag. After viewing the sofa sets for an hour, Benjamin and

Bambie decide to purchase a green leather 5-seater set. They approach Sean, a sales-

person, to place their order.

In making his request known to Sean, Benjamin sends a message to Sean, “I

would like to purchase this green leather, 5-seater set. Can you please have it sent to

me by next Wednesday?”

The message that Benjamin has sent to Sean is a

takeOrder message. It con-

tains information such as the type of sofa set (a green leather, 5-seater set) and the

date of delivery (next Wednesday). This information is known as the parameters of

the

takeOrder message.

In response to Benjamin’s message, Sean replies to Benjamin by returning the

result of his request. We can represent the interaction between Benjamin and Sean

graphically using Figure 1-1.

takeOrder

result

Benjamin Sean

Figure 1-1: Interaction between Benjamin and Sean.

Sean was able to respond to Benjamin’s

takeOrder message because he under-

stood it and had the means to handle Benjamin’s request. Although Sean knew how

to satisfy Benjamin’s request, Benjamin did not. In fact, most of the time, customers

do not know how a salesperson has satisfied their orders. All they get from salesper-

sons are replies such as, “I am sorry, madam, we are unable to satisfy your request

because the sofa you wanted has been sold,” or “Sir, your request has been satisfied.

We will deliver the goods on Wednesday between 10 am to 11 am to the address

indicated. Thank you for your order.”

Sean, as a salesperson at HomeCare, has a responsibility towards Benjamin. He

maintains his responsibility by applying a set of operations:

1. He determines if there is sufficient stock to satisfy Benjamin’s request.

2. He determines if the requested date for delivery is a suitable date.

3. He instructs the warehouse staff to deliver the goods to Benjamin’s address

on the requested date, if the above conditions are satisfied.

4. Finally, he informs Benjamin the result of his request.

Introduction 3

1.3 Objects and Their Interactions in Programming

The interactions between Benjamin and Sean in the above real-world situation can be

represented in object-oriented programming terms. For instance, Benjamin and Sean

are objects that interact by sending messages. Benjamin is thus a message-sending

object, while Sean is a message-receiving object. Alternatively, we can label

Benjamin as a sender and Sean as a receiver.

The

takeOrder request from Benjamin to Sean is an example of a message. It

may have additional, accompanying information known as parameters (or argu-

ments) of the message. The fact that Sean responded to Benjamin’s message indi-

cates that the message is a valid message. Each valid message corresponds to a

method that Sean uses to fulfill his responsibility to Benjamin.

An invalid message, on the other hand, is one that the receiver does not have

the capability to respond to, that is, the receiver does not have a corresponding

method to match the message. For example, if Benjamin had requested a discount on

the price, his request would have been rejected because Sean, being a salesperson,

would not have the capability (or a corresponding method) to respond to the

message.

A method contains a number of operations detailing how Sean is to satisfy the

demand Benjamin put on Sean through the request.

Figure 1-2 summarizes the relationships of these terms.

Benjamin Sean

takeOrder(sofa type, who,

address,

elivery date

)

result

Message

Object

Method

Arguments

Figure 1-2: Object interactions in object-oriented programming terms.

While Benjamin may know what Sean can do through his methods, he may not

know how Sean does them. This is an important principle of object-oriented pro-

gramming known as information hiding: the sender of a message does not know how

a receiver is going to satisfy the request in the message.

1.4 Simulation

Based on the above example, it is clear that concepts in object-oriented programming

such as object, message and method, do provide a close representation of real-world

objects and their interactions. These concepts are thus suitable for simulating actual

object interactions in real-world situations.

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