3GPP SIM卡接口规范详解：GSM与3GPP系统的关键技术

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3GPP（3rd Generation Partnership Project）是全球移动通信系统的标准化组织，致力于推动移动通信技术的发展和演进。本文档是3GPPTS11.11V8.12.0版本，发布于2004年3月，属于技术规范系列，由3GPP Technical Specification Group Terminals负责。该文档主要关注的是SIM卡（Subscriber Identity Module - Mobile Equipment，即手机用户身份模块）在移动设备（ME，Mobile Equipment）中的接口规格，特别针对的是1999年发布的Release版本。标题中的“3GPP的SIM卡协议”指的就是这份详细规定了SIM卡与移动设备之间交互的协议，它在GSM（Global System for Mobile Communications，全球系统移动通信）网络中扮演着至关重要的角色，负责存储用户的个人识别信息、鉴权数据以及网络接入权限等关键信息。SIM卡协议不仅涉及到硬件的接口设计，还包括了数据安全、加密算法以及认证流程等方面的要求，确保了移动通信的安全性和用户隐私保护。这份标准对于手机制造商、运营商以及任何涉及SIM卡应用的开发者来说都是重要的参考资料，它规定了SIM卡的物理尺寸、功能模块划分、通信接口定义以及与ME的操作协议。遵循这个协议，可以确保不同厂商生产的设备能在同一网络环境下无缝协作。然而，需要注意的是，该文档仅作为3GPP内部开发工作的基础，并未经过正式批准，且不应用于实际部署。任何3GPP系统的实施标准和报告应通过3GPPOrganisational Partners的官方渠道获取。3GPP支持办公室位于法国瓦尔邦尼的Sophia Antipolis，提供联系方式供读者查询或获取更官方的资料。版权方面，本文档受3GPP所有，任何使用需遵守相关版权通知和条款，切勿擅自复制或用于商业目的。这份3GPP的SIM卡协议是移动通信行业内深入理解SIM卡功能和技术细节的核心参考资料。

3GPP

3GPP TS 11.11 V8.12.0 (2004-03)16Release 1999

4.1.2 Plug-in SIM

The Plug-in SIM has a width of 25 mm, a height of 15 mm, a thickness the same as an ID-1 SIM and a feature for

orientation. See figure A.1 in normative annex A for details of the dimensions of the card and the dimensions and

location of the contacts.

Annexes A.1 and A.2 of ISO 7816-1 [24] do not apply to the Plug-in SIM.

Annex A of ISO 7816-2 [25] applies with the location of the reference points adapted to the smaller size. The three

reference points P1, P2 and P3 measure 7,5 mm, 3,3 mm and 20,8 mm, respectively, from 0. The values in table A.1 of

ISO 7816-2 [25] are replaced by the corresponding values of figure A.1.

4.2 Temperature range for card operation

The temperature range for full operational use shall be between -25°C and +70°C with occasional peaks of up to

+85°C. "Occasional" means not more than 4 hours each time and not over 100 times during the life time of the card.

4.3 Contacts

4.3.1 Provision of contacts

ME: Contacting elements in the ME in positions C4 and C8 are optional, and are not used in the GSM

application. They shall present a high impedance to the SIM card in the GSM application. If it is

determined that the SIM is a multi-application ICC, then these contacts may be used. Contact C6 need not

be provided for Plug-in SIMs.

SIM: Contacts C4 and C8 need not be provided by the SIM, but if they are provided, then they shall not be

connected internally in the SIM if the SIM only contains the GSM application. Contact C6 shall not be

bonded in the SIM for any function other than supplying Vpp.

4.3.2 Activation and deactivation

The ME shall connect, activate and deactivate the SIM in accordance with the Operating Procedures specified in

ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26].

For any voltage level, monitored during the activation sequence, or during the deactivation sequence following soft

power-down, the order of the contact activation/deactivation shall be respected.

NOTE 1: Soft Power switching is defined in TS 02.07 [3].

NOTE 2: It is recommended that whenever possible the deactivation sequence defined in ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26]

should be followed by the ME on all occasions when the ME is powered down.

If the SIM clock is already stopped and is not restarted, the ME is allowed to deactivate all the contacts in any order,

provided that all signals reach low level before Vcc leaves high level. If the SIM clock is already stopped and is

restarted before the deactivation sequence, then the deactivation sequence specified in ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26]

subclause 5.4 shall be followed.

When Vpp is connected to Vcc, as allowed by GSM (see clause 5), then Vpp will be activated and deactivated with

Vcc, at the time of the Vcc activation/deactivation, as given in the sequences of ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26] subclauses 5.2

and 5.4.

Vcc is powered when it has a value between 4,5 V and 5,5 V.

4.3.3 Inactive contacts

The voltages on contacts C1, C2, C3, C6 and C7 of the ME shall be between 0 and ± 0,4 volts referenced to ground

(C5) when the ME is switched off with the power source connected to the ME. The measurement equipment shall have

3GPP

3GPP TS 11.11 V8.12.0 (2004-03)17Release 1999

a resistance of 50 kohms when measuring the voltage on C2, C3, C6 and C7. The resistance shall be 10 kohms when

measuring the voltage on C1.

4.3.4 Contact pressure

The contact pressure shall be large enough to ensure reliable and continuous contact (e.g. to overcome oxidisation and

to prevent interruption caused by vibration). The radius of any curvature of the contacting elements shall be greater

than or equal to 0,8 mm over the contact area.

Under no circumstances may a contact force be greater than 0,5 N per contact.

Care shall be taken to avoid undue point pressure to the area of the SIM opposite to the contact area. Otherwise this

may damage the components within the SIM.

4.4 Precedence

See TS 02.17 [6] for precedence.

4.5 Static Protection

Considering that the SIM is a CMOS device, the ME manufacturer shall take adequate precautions (in addition to the

protection diodes inherent in the SIM) to safeguard the ME, SIM and SIM/ME interface from static discharges at all

times, and particularly during SIM insertion into the ME.

5 Electronic signals and transmission protocols

Electronic signals and transmission protocols shall be in accordance with ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26] unless specified

otherwise. The following additional requirements shall be applied to ensure proper operation in the GSM environment.

The choice of the transmission protocol(s), to be used to communicate between the SIM and the ME, shall at least

include that specified and denoted by T=0 in ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26].

The values given in the tables hereafter are derived from ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26], subclause 4.3 with the following

considerations:

- V

and V

always refer to the device (ME or SIM) which is driving the interface. V

and V

always refer to

the device (ME or SIM) which is operating as a receiver on the interface.

- this convention is different to the one used in ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26], which specifically defines an ICC for which

its current conventions apply. The following clauses define the specific core requirements for the SIM, which

provide also the basis for Type Approval. For each state (V

, V

and V

) a positive current is defined as

flowing out of the entity (ME or SIM) in that state.

5.1 Supply voltage Vcc (contact C1)

The SIM shall be operated within the following limits.

Table 1: Electrical characteristics of Vcc under normal operating conditions

Symbol Minimum Maximum Unit

Vcc 4,5 5,5 V

Icc 10 mA

The current consumption of the SIM shall not exceed the value given in table 1 during any state (including activation

and deactivation as defined in subclause 4.3.2).

3GPP

3GPP TS 11.11 V8.12.0 (2004-03)18Release 1999

When the SIM is in idle state (see below) the current consumption of the card shall not exceed 200 µA at 1 MHz and

25°C. If clock stop mode is allowed, then the current consumption shall also not exceed 200 µA while the clock is

stopped.

The ME shall source the maximum current requirements defined above. It shall also be able to counteract spikes in the

current consumption of the card up to a maximum charge of 40 nAs with no more than 400 ns duration and an

amplitude of at most 200 mA, ensuring that the supply voltage stays in the specified range.

NOTE: A possible solution would be to place a capacitor (e.g. 100 nF, ceramic) as close as possible to the

contacting elements.

5.2 Reset (RST) (contact C2)

The ME shall operate the SIM within the following limits.

Table 2: Electrical characteristics of RST under normal operating conditions

Symbol Conditions Minimum Maximum

OHmax

= +20 µA

Vcc-0,7 Vcc (note)

OLmax

= -200 µA

0V (note) 0,6 V

out

= C

= 30 pF

400 µs

NOTE: To allow for overshoot the voltage on RST shall remain between

-0,3 V and Vcc+0,3 V during dynamic operation.

5.3 Programming voltage Vpp (contact C6)

SIMs shall not require any programming voltage on Vpp. The ME need not provide contact C6. If the ME provides

contact C6, then, in the case of the ID-1 SIM the same voltage shall be supplied on Vpp as on Vcc, while in the case of

Plug-in SIMs the ME need not provide any voltage on C6. Contact C6 may be connected to Vcc in any ME but shall

not be connected to ground.

5.4 Clock CLK (contact C3)

The SIM shall support 1 MHz to 5 MHz. The clock shall be supplied by the ME. No "internal clock" SIMs shall be

used.

If a frequency of 13/4 MHz is needed by the SIM to run the authentication procedure in the allotted time (see

TS 03.20 [11]), or to process an ENVELOPE command used for SIM Data Download, bit 2 of byte 1 in the file

characteristics shall be set to 1. Otherwise a minimum frequency of 13/8 MHz may be used.

The duty cycle shall be between 40 % and 60 % of the period during stable operation.

The ME shall operate the SIM within the following limits:

Table 3: Electrical characteristics of CLK under normal operating conditions

Symbol Conditions Minimum Maximum

OHmax

= +20 µA

0,7xVcc Vcc (note)

OLmax

= -200 µA

0 V (note) 0,5 V

out

= C

= 30 pF

9 % of period with a maximum of 0,5 µs

NOTE: To allow for overshoot the voltage on CLK shall remain between -0,3 V and Vcc+0,3 V

during dynamic operation.

3GPP

3GPP TS 11.11 V8.12.0 (2004-03)19Release 1999

5.5 I/O (contact C7)

Table 4 defines the electrical characteristics of the I/O (contact C7). The values given in the table have the effect of

defining the values of the pull-up resistor in the ME and the impedances of the drivers and receivers in the ME and

SIM.

Table 4: Electrical characteristics of I/O under normal operating conditions

Symbol Conditions Minimum Maximum

IHmax

= ± 20 µA (note 2)

0,7xVcc Vcc+0,3 V

ILmax

= +1 mA

-0,3 V 0,8 V

(note 1) I

OHmax

= + 20µA

3,8 V Vcc (note 3)

OLmax

= -1 mA

0 V (note 3) 0,4 V

out

= C

= 30 pF

1 µs

NOTE 1: It is assumed that a pull-up resistor is used in the interface device (recommended

value: 20 kohms).

NOTE 2: During static conditions (idle state) only the positive value can apply. Under dynamic

operating conditions (transmission) short term voltage spikes on the I/O line may

cause a current reversal.

NOTE 3: To allow for overshoot the voltage on I/O shall remain between -0,3 V and Vcc+0,3 V

during dynamic operation.

5.6 States

There are two states for the SIM while the power supply is on:

- the SIM is in operating state when it executes a command. This state also includes transmission from and to the

ME;

- the SIM is in idle state at any other time. It shall retain all pertinent data during this state.

The SIM may support a clock stop mode. The clock shall only be switched off subject to the conditions specified in the

file characteristics (see clause 9).

Clock stop mode. An ME of Phase 2 or later shall wait at least 1 860 clock cycles after having received the last

character, including the guard time (2 etu), of the response before it switches off the clock (if it is allowed to do so). It

shall wait at least 744 clock cycles before it sends the first command after having started the clock.

To achieve phase compatibility, the following procedure shall be adhered to:

- a SIM of Phase 2 or later shall always send the status information "normal ending of the command" after the

successful interpretation of the command SLEEP received from a Phase 1 ME. An ME of Phase 2 or later shall

not send a SLEEP command;

- a Phase 1 ME shall wait at least 744 clock cycles after having received the compulsory acknowledgement SW1

SW2 of the SLEEP command before it switches off the clock (if it is allowed to do so). It shall wait at least

744 clock cycles before it sends the first command after having started the clock.

5.7 Baudrate

The initial baudrate (during ATR) shall be: (clock frequency)/372. Subsequent baudrate shall be: (clock frequency)/372

unless the PPS procedure has been successfully performed. In that case the negotiated baudrate shall be applied

according to subclause 5.8.2.

5.8 Answer To Reset (ATR)

The ATR is information presented by the SIM to the ME at the beginning of the card session and gives operational

requirements.

3GPP

3GPP TS 11.11 V8.12.0 (2004-03)20Release 1999

5.8.1 Structure and contents

The following table gives an explanation of the characters specified in ISO/IEC 7816-3 [26] and the requirements for

their use in GSM. The answer to reset consists of at most 33 characters. The ME shall be able to receive interface

characters for transmission protocols other than T=0, historical characters and a check byte, even if only T=0 is used by

the ME.

Table 5: ATR

Character Contents sent by

the card

a) evaluation by the ME

b) reaction by the ME

1. Initial character

coding convention for all

subsequent characters

(direct or inverse

convention)

always a) always

b) using appropriate convention

2. Format

character

subsequent interface

characters, number of

historical characters

always a) always

b) identifying the subsequent

characters accordingly

3. Interface

character

(global)

TA1

parameters to calculate the

work etu

optional a) always if present

b) if TA1 is not '11' or '01', PPS procedure

shall be used (see subclause 5.8.2)

4. Interface

character

(global)

TB1

parameters to calculate the

programming voltage and

current

optional a) always if present

b) if PI1 is not 0, then reject the SIM (in

accordance with subclause 5.10)

5. Interface

character

(global)

TC1

parameters to calculate the

extra guardtime requested

by the card; no extra

guardtime is used to send

characters from the card to

the ME

optional a) always if present

b) if TC1 is neither 0 nor 255, then reject the

SIM (in accordance with subclause 5.10); see

the note after the table

6. Interface

character

TD1

protocol type; indicator for

the presence of interface

characters, specifying rules

to be used for transmissions

with the given protocol type

always, if

T=15

indicated in

TDi (i>1)

a) always if present

b) identifying the subsequent characters

accordingly

7. Interface

character

(specific)

TA2

not used for protocol T=0 optional a) optional

b) --------

8. Interface

character

(global)

TB2

parameter to calculate the

programming voltage

never the allowed value of TB1 above defines that an

external programming voltage is not applicable

9. Interface

character

(specific)

TC2

parameters to calculate the

work waiting time

optional a) always if present

b) using the work waiting time accordingly

10. Interface

character

TDi

(i>1)

protocol type; indicator for

the presence of interface

characters, specifying rules

to be used for transmissions

with the given protocol type

optional a) always if present

b) identifying the subsequent characters

accordingly

(continued)

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请解释3GPP的SIM卡协议在GSM网络中的作用，并且详细说明它规定了哪些移动设备接口的关键技术。

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