BV NR 561: 铝合金船体设计与建造规范

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"BV NR 561 船体在铝合金材料中的设计原则、建造与检验" 这篇文档是关于法国船级社（Bureau Veritas，简称BV）的一份规则笔记，具体为NR561 DTR02E，主题是铝合金属船体的设计、建造和检验，发布日期为2017年12月。该文件主要涵盖了在使用铝合金材料建造船舶时所需遵循的设计原则、施工技术和检查标准。 1. 独立性与适用条款 - 船级社始终保持独立承包商的地位，其工作人员在提供服务时并非任何一方的雇员或代理，这确保了其公正性和专业性。 - 提供服务的过程通过随机检查进行，不涉及持续监控或详尽验证，强调了检验的随机性和客观性。 - 船级社的角色是服务提供者，这意味着它对结果并无保证义务，不应被视为保险或担保。 2. 铝合金船体设计原则 - 设计阶段，可能包括材料选择、结构强度分析、耐腐蚀性评估以及考虑船体的稳定性和耐久性等。 - 由于铝合金的特性，设计时需要考虑其重量轻、强度高、抗腐蚀性强的优点，同时也需解决热敏感、焊接难度大等问题。 3. 建造过程 - 铝合金船体的建造涉及到精确的切割、成型、组装和焊接工艺，需要遵循严格的制造规范，确保结构完整性和安全性。 - 可能涵盖预处理（如表面清洁、预热）、焊接方法（如TIG、MIG焊）、质量控制环节等。 4. 检验与认证 - 在施工过程中，船级社将进行多次检查，包括材料检验、结构完整性检查、焊接质量验证等，确保符合国际海事组织（IMO）和其他相关法规标准。 - 检验可能包括无损检测（NDT）、水密性测试、船体应力分析等，以确保船只在海上运营的安全性。 5. 结构和安全要求 - 铝合金船体的结构设计必须考虑到航行条件、载荷分布、疲劳寿命等因素，以防止船体变形或损坏。 - 安全要求涵盖电气系统、推进系统、救生设备等，以确保在紧急情况下船只的可操作性和乘客的安全。这份规则笔记详细阐述了在铝合金材料用于船体建造时的设计、建造和检验过程中的关键点，对于船舶制造行业、设计师、工程师以及船级社的工作人员来说，是十分重要的参考文献。

6 Bureau Veritas December 2017

5 Alternative survey scheme for production in large series 44

5.1 General

5.2 Type approval

5.3 Quality system documentation

5.4 Manufacturing, testing and inspection plan (MTI plan) prepared by the Shipyard

5.5 Society’s certificate

5.6 Other certification scheme for production in large series

Appendix 1 Aluminium Properties

1 Mechanical properties 46

1.1 General

1.2 Minimum yield stress for scantling criteria of hull structure

Appendix 2 Calculation of the Critical Buckling Stresses

1 General 48

1.1 Application

2 Plating 48

2.1 Critical buckling stress

3 Secondary and primary stiffeners 50

3.1 Critical buckling stress for secondary stiffeners

NR 561, Sec 1

December 2017 Bureau Veritas 7

SECTION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1 General

1.1 Application

1.1.1 General scope of application

The requirements of this Rule Note are applicable to ships

having their hull and superstructure totally made of alumin-

ium alloy.

The purpose of this Rule Note is to define the general

requirements for hull scantling and arrangements, with

respect to:

• material

• hull structure and welding calculation approach

• classification and /or certification process.

1.1.2 Other applicable Rules

The requirements of this Rule Note apply in addition to the

following Society Rules for the classification and/or certifi-

cation of ships, in particular the requirements concerning:

a) Classification:

NR467, Part A: Rules for the Classification of Steel

Ships, Classification and Surveys

b) Loading cases, permissible stresses and/or safety coeffi-

cients, as applicable:

• NR600: Hull Structure and Arrangement for the

Classification of Cargo Ships less than 65 m and

Non Cargo Ships less than 90 m

• NR500: Rules for the Classification and the Certifi-

cation of Yachts.

c) Subdivision, compartment and access arrangements and

arrangement of hull openings, as applicable:

• NR600: Hull Structure and Arrangement for the

Classification of Cargo Ships less than 65 m and

Non Cargo Ships less than 90 m, or

• NR566: Hull arrangement, Stability and Systems for

Ships less than 500 GT

• NR500: Rules for the Classification and the Certifi-

cation of Yachts.

Other Rule Notes may be considered by the Society on a

case by case basis in accordance with the service notations

and additional service features considered for the classifica-

tion (see NR467, Part A).

1.1.3 Structural scopes not covered by Rules

The following structural aspects are not covered by the pres-

ent Rules:

• structure deflection under loads

• structural response to vibrations induced by engines,

propeller blades or water jet.

The scantling of superstructures built in aluminium alloy

and fitted on board a steel ship are to be checked according

to NR467 Rules for Steel Ships.

1.2 Exceptions

1.2.1 Ships with unusual design, speed or service, or

intended to carry special cargoes not provided by the Rules,

are examined on a case-by-case basis.

1.3 Drawings and documents to be submitted

1.3.1 As a rule, the drawings and documents to be submit-

ted for hull structure review are listed in the Society Rules

for the classification and/or certification of ships (see

[1.1.2]).

Weld and welding booklets as requested in Sec 3, [1.2] are

also to be submitted for review.

1.3.2 Builder’s quality systems checking the general pro-

duction fabrication and process are to be submitted for

review (see Sec 9).

1.4 Working process and inspection at works

1.4.1 Inspections needed by the Society during ship hull

construction within the scope of the classification and/or

certification of ships built in unit production or in mass pro-

duction are defined in Sec 9.

NR 561, Sec 2

8 Bureau Veritas December 2017

SECTION 2 MATERIALS

Symbols

E : Young’s modulus of aluminium, equal to

70000 N/mm

ν : Poisson ratio of aluminium, equal to 0,33

: Tensile strength, in N/mm

, of the parent metal in

delivery condition, as specified

p0,2

: Proof stress (yield strength), in N/mm

, of the

parent metal in delivery condition, as specified

’

: Tensile strength, in N/mm

, of the parent metal

in as-welded condition, as defined in [2.1.3] or

[2.1.4]

’

p0,2

: Proof stress (yield strength), in N/mm

, of the

parent metal in as-welded condition, as defined

in Article [2].

1 General

1.1 Application

1.1.1 As a rule, the aluminium alloys used for the construc-

tion of aluminium ships are as follows:

• For rolled or extruded products:

- series 5000: aluminium-magnesium alloy

- series 6000: aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy

• For cast products:

- aluminium-magnesium alloy

- aluminium-silicon alloy

- aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy.

In the early stages of the project, the shipyard is to submit to

the Society the characteristics of the materials they intend to

use for the construction of the hull and of the structures. In

particular, the temper of parent metal is to be indicated.

1.1.2 Manufacture, inspection and certification

The general requirements relevant to the manufacture,

inspection and certification of aluminium alloy products

entering in the hull construction are given in NR216 Rules

on Materials and Welding for the Classification of Marine

Units.

1.1.3 Aluminium alloy characteristics

The characteristics of aluminium alloy to be used in the

construction are to comply with the applicable require-

ments of NR216 Materials and Welding, Ch 3, Sec 2.

Materials with different characteristics may be considered

provided their specification (manufacture, chemical com-

position, mechanical properties, welding, etc.) is submitted

to the Society for approval.

1.1.4 In the case of structures subjected to low service tem-

peratures or intended for other specific applications, the

alloys to be employed are to be agreed by the Society.

2 Aluminium structure

2.1 Influence of welding on mechanical

characteristics

2.1.1 Welding heat input lowers locally the mechanical

characteristics R

p0,2

and R

of aluminium alloys hardened

by work hardening (series 5000 other than condition O) or

by heat treatment (series 6000).

2.1.2 Consequently, where necessary, a drop in the

mechanical characteristics of welded structures, with

respect to those of the parent material, is to be considered

for the structure calculation.

As a general rule, the heat affected zone (HAZ) is to be

taken extending over 25 mm on each side of the weld axis.

2.1.3 Aluminium alloys of series 5000 (rolled and

extruded)

Aluminium alloys of series 5000 in O condition (annealed)

are not subject to a drop in mechanical strength in the

welded areas.

Aluminium alloys of series 5000 other than condition O are

subject to a drop in mechanical strength in the welded

areas. The mechanical characteristics to be considered are

normally those of condition O.

Note 1: Higher mechanical characteristics may be taken into

account, provided they are duly justified.

2.1.4 Aluminium alloys of series 6000

Aluminium alloys of series 6000 are subject to a drop in

mechanical strength in the vicinity of the welded areas.

The mechanical characteristics to be considered in this

HAZ are normally indicated by the supplier.

When no information is provided by the supplier, the values

given in Tab 1 may be used.

Note 1: Higher mechanical characteristics may be taken into

account, provided they are duly justified.

2.1.5 Hardened aluminium alloys

For welded constructions in hardened aluminium alloys

(series 5000 other than condition O and series 6000),

higher characteristics than those in welded condition may

be considered, provided that welded connections are

located in areas where stress levels are acceptable for the

alloy considered in annealed or as-welded condition.

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