深入解析：微软Windows Server 2008完整指南

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"微软Windows Server 2008全方位指南" 微软Windows Server 2008是微软公司发布的一款服务器操作系统，它是Windows Server系列的重要版本，旨在提高服务器管理效率、增强安全性并提供更强大的网络服务功能。本书《Microsoft Windows Server 2008：全方位指南》由Danielle Ruest和Nelson Ruest合著，两位作者在IT领域有深厚的背景，并在书中展示了如何在虚拟化数据中心环境下运行和管理Windows Server 2008。书中的内容涵盖了Windows Server 2008的多个关键方面，包括但不限于： 1. **系统安装与配置**：详细讲解了如何安装Windows Server 2008，包括选择合适的版本（如Standard、Enterprise或Datacenter），以及配置服务器角色和服务。 2. **虚拟化技术**：重点介绍了Windows Server 2008引入的Hyper-V虚拟化平台，如何创建和管理虚拟机，以及虚拟化在节省硬件资源和提高IT效率上的优势。 3. **网络服务**：涵盖了DNS（域名系统）、DHCP（动态主机配置协议）和WINS（Windows Internet名称服务）等网络服务的设置和管理，确保网络环境的稳定运行。 4. **活动目录与身份管理**：深入探讨了活动目录的设计、部署和管理，包括域控制器的设置、用户和组策略的管理，以及权限分配和安全策略的实施。 5. **存储管理**：讨论了文件服务、磁盘管理和RAID配置，以及iSCSI和光纤通道等存储解决方案。 6. **系统安全**：讲述了Windows Server 2008的安全特性，如防火墙、更新策略、审核和日志记录，以及如何防止恶意软件攻击。 7. **远程访问与桌面服务**：包括远程桌面服务、终端服务和DirectAccess，帮助用户实现远程工作和资源共享。 8. **故障转移集群与高可用性**：介绍了如何通过故障转移集群来确保关键服务的连续性和可用性，以及群集服务的配置和维护。 9. **性能监控与优化**：提供了性能监视工具的使用方法，以及如何分析和优化服务器性能。 10. **部署规划与管理**：为经理层提供了规划Windows Server 2008部署的指导，同时也为系统管理员提供了实际部署的步骤和技巧。 Rick Claus，作为IT Pro Advisor和微软加拿大公司的代表，对这本书给予了高度评价，认为它是任何认真考虑实施Windows Server 2008的IT专业人员的必备读物。无论你是正在规划部署的管理层，还是负责具体实施的系统管理员，这本书都能提供实用且深入的指导。《Microsoft Windows Server 2008：全方位指南》是一本全面而深入的参考书，它不仅适合初学者学习Windows Server 2008的基础知识，也适合经验丰富的管理员深入研究系统管理和优化技巧。通过阅读本书，读者可以掌握如何利用Windows Server 2008的强大功能来提升企业IT基础设施的效率和安全性。

xiv

Microsoft Windows Server 2008: The Complete Reference

Prepare Terminal Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Share Applications with Terminal Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Deploy Terminal Services Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Create Highly Available Terminal Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

The Remote Desktop Console:

The Administrator’s Best Friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Collaboration Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Deploy Windows SharePoint Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Prepare Windows Streaming Media Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Server Requirements by Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Design the Virtual Service Offerings OU Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Part V Secure Windows Server 2008

10 Design Your Security Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Security Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

Design a Security Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

The Castle Defense System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

The Security Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

The Microsoft WS08 Security Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Windows Server 2008 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Secure Resource Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Secure Virtual Service Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

Apply the Castle Defense System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

Layer 1 – Critical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

Layer 2 – Physical Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Layer 3 – Operating System Hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Layer 4 – Information Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

Layer 5 – External Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Manage the Security Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

11 Build for Business Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

Plan for System Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Protect the Resource Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Protect the Virtual Service Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Prepare for Potential Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

Use WS08 Clustering Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

Cluster Services for Resource Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

Cluster Services for Virtual Service Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

Network Load Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

Multicast Versus Unicast Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567

Single Afﬁ nity Versus No Afﬁ nity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567

Install and Conﬁ gure NLB Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

Windows Server Failover Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

Cluster Compatibility List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

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Server Cluster Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

Cluster Conﬁ gurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

Geographically Dispersed Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576

Resource Pool Failover Cluster Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Further Server Consolidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

Recovery Planning for Your Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587

Recovery Strategies for Windows Server 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

System Recovery Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Troubleshooting Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Data Protection Strategies for Resource Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

Data Protection Strategies for Virtual Service Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . 593

Select a Third-Party Backup Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594

Physical to Virtual Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

Finalize Your Resiliency Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

Part VI Migrate to Windows Server 2008

12 Put the VSO Network into Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Considerations for the Migration to the Parallel VSO Network . . . . . . . . . . 601

The Server Rotation Process (Resource Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

The Migration Order (Virtual Service Offerings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Begin the Migration to the Parallel VSO Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

Migrate Security Principals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

Migrate Network Infrastructure Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

Migrate Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

Build Terminal Services Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

Migrate File Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

Migrate Print Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Migrate SharePoint Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Decommission the Legacy Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629

Prepare Your New Support Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

New and Revised ADDS IT Roles (VSO Network) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

New Resource Pool Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

Design the Services Administration Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

Rely on the WS08 Remote Server Administration Tools . . . . . . . . . . 636

Build a New Approach to Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

The Administrative Task List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641

Part VII Administer Windows Server 2008

13 Common Administration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

General Server Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

General Server Administration Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Hardware Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

Contents

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Microsoft Windows Server 2008: The Complete Reference

Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678

Remote Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

File and Print Server Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

File Service Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

Print Service Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

Cluster Services Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

Network Infrastructure Server Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

DHCP/WINS Server Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

Deployment Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

NLB Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

Network Policy and Access Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

Identity Server Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Domain Controller Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

Namespace Server Management (DNS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763

Application and Collaboration Server Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Administration of Dedicated Web Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Administration of Application Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770

Administration of Terminal Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

Windows SharePoint Services Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777

Performance and Monitoring Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781

Final Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787

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Foreword

he first time I met Danielle and Nelson Ruest, they drew me a picture of a bullseye

and said this was the future of software management. They explained that each circle

represented a different part of the computing stack. At the center was the application. In

the ring around the center was data, and within the outside ring was the operating system.

If we could isolate each of these layers using virtualization, they described, it would make

managing software dramatically easier. All the pieces could be put together without the testing

and configuration that everyone had come to assume was part of the process. Instead, your

management system would know what operating system, data and apps each person needed,

and it would shoot out the right bullseye to the right person in real time. We agreed this was an

excellent vision for virtualization, but one that would take a number of years to come true.

With the arrival of Windows Server 2008, this dream is one step closer to reality. Windows

Server 2008 represents substantial advances around Web and security, but it also includes a

brand-new feature: virtualization. Called Hyper-V, this feature means virtualization will be a

standard part of using Windows servers. All the benefits of today’s server virtualization—

consolidation, power and space savings, and accelerated workload provisioning and business

continuity—will now become an integral part of the way companies manage their Windows

Server infrastructure.

But this is just the beginning. As more and more servers become virtualized with Hyper-V,

the Ruests’ “bullseye” vision for software management will get closer to reality as companies

transform their server farms into “hypervisor farms”—pools of computing power defined by

the total compute power of all physical servers that have been virtualized. This is the vision of

the dynamic datacenter, where workloads are provisioned in real time and moved based on

load and priorities, resulting in a more agile IT environment that can respond much faster to a

business’ needs. However, virtualization alone will not be enough to make this vision come

true. It also requires management.

With virtualization, the role of systems management goes from important to essential.

Management shows you where your virtualized resources reside (since they’re no longer

installed in one location) and, even more importantly, it enables the real-time allocation of

resources—which is one of the core principles of a dynamic datacenter. At Microsoft, we

have designed the System Center management suite (made up of Virtual Machine Manager,

Operations Manager, Configuration Manager, and Data Protection Manager) to build the

foundation for a dynamic datacenter by providing the provisioning, monitoring, and

backup tools for both virtual and physical environments, both desktops and servers, both

operating system and applications, and across multiple hypervisors—all from a single

management console.

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