Physics Letters B 791 (2019) 167–171
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Pulsars as Weber gravitational wave detectors
Arpan Das
a,b
, Shreyansh S. Dave
a,b
, Oindrila Ganguly
a
, Ajit M. Srivastava
a,b,∗
a
Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
b
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
25 October 2018
Accepted
18 February 2019
Available
online 21 February 2019
Editor:
M. Trodden
Keywords:
Pulsars
Gravitational
waves
Weber
detector
Nuclear
equation of state
Neutron
stars
A gravitational wave (GW) passing through a pulsar will lead to a variation in the moment of inertia
of the pulsar affecting its rotation. This will affect the extremely accurately measured spin rate of the
pulsar as well as its pulse profile (due to induced wobbling depending on the source direction). The effect
will be most pronounced at resonance and should be detectable by accurate observations of the pulsar
signal. The pulsar, in this sense, acts as a remotely stationed Weber detector of gravitational waves whose
signal can be monitored on earth. With possible GW sources spread around in the universe, pulsars
in their neighborhoods can provide us a family of remote detectors all of which can be monitored on
earth. Even if GW are detected directly by earth based conventional detectors, such pulsar detectors can
provide additional information for accurate determination of the source location. This can be of crucial
importance for sources which do not emit any other form of radiation such as black hole mergers. For the
GW events already detected by LIGO (and Virgo), we propose that one should look for specific pulsars
which would have been disturbed by these events, and will transmit this disturbance via their pulse
signals in any foreseeable future. One should be able to predict these future pulsar events with some
accuracy so that a focused effort can be made to detect any possible changes in the signals of those
specific pulsars.
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
1. Introduction
Observation of gravitational waves (GW) by LIGO [1] has
opened a new window to the universe where even events of black
hole mergers can be detected which otherwise leave no signatures
in the electromagnetic spectrum. The most recent observation of
binary neutron star (BNS) merger via gravitational waves, along
with electromagnetic radiation, has provided us the opportunity
to probe such events with clear identification of the source [2].
As more and more gravitational wave detectors are set up around
the globe, our ability to detect gravitational waves with good lo-
calization
of the source in the sky will improve tremendously.
Future space-based detectors will further complement the search
for gravitational wave sources with wide range of wavelengths and
strengths. The ultimate limitation on these earth based and space-
based
detectors will arise from two main factors. Our location is
one such factor as most of the powerful sources of gravitational
waves are likely to occur very far. Secondly, the ability of our near-
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail
addresses: arpan@iopb.res.in (A. Das), shreyansh@iopb.res.in (S.S. Dave),
oindrila@iopb.res.in (O. Ganguly), ajit@iopb.res.in (A.M. Srivastava).
earth detectors in triangulating the location of the sources will be
limited by the very nature of the detectors. One would wish if a
family of detectors could be placed far away in space, and then
signals from these far away detectors could be collected with high
precision for GW detection and accurate determination of the loca-
tion
of the source (possibly in conjunction with conventional near
earth detectors). We propose such a possibility in this paper.
Main
physics underlying our proposal is based on the fact that
with accurate measurements of timings of pulsars (rapidly rotating
neutron stars) very minute changes in the moment of inertia (MI)
of the neutron star (NS) may be observable providing a sensitive
probe for its configurational changes. This should act as a detector
of a gravitational wave passing through the NS which will lead to
transient deformations of the NS changing its moment of inertia.
Depending on the angle between the GW source direction and the
pulsar rotation axis, wobbling of the pulsar may also be induced.
Hence, a combination of detection of changes in the rotation rate,
along with the changes in the pulse profile, will allow probing
the strength of the strain amplitude from GW as well as its di-
rection
of propagation with respect to the NS rotation axis. Clearly,
the effects will be most pronounced at the resonance when the
GW frequency matches a natural frequency of the NS. The neutron
star, in this sense, acts like a Weber gravitational wave detector
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.02.031
0370-2693/
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.