深入探索Bash脚本艺术：高级Bash-Scripting指南

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"Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide" 是一本由 Mendel Cooper 撰写的深入探索 Shell 脚本编程的指南。这本书旨在教授读者如何使用 Bash Shell 进行脚本编写，无论读者是否有编程或脚本编写背景。随着内容的深入，它将引导读者从初级水平逐渐过渡到中级甚至高级水平，同时融入了一些 UNIX 操作系统的智慧和知识。书中包含了大量的练习和注释丰富的示例，鼓励读者积极参与实践，因为真正的学习来自于编写实际的脚本。这本书适合用作课堂教学的一般编程概念介绍，也适合作为自学和参考的资料。作者 Mendel Cooper 在书中通过不同的修订版（如 'THIMBLEBERRY', 'BUFFALOBERRY', 和 'ROWANBERRY'）不断更新和完善内容，确保了教程的时效性和准确性。在目录中，我们可以看到书的结构分为多个章节，第一章 "Shell Programming!" 开始就介绍了脚本编程的基础。第二章 "Starting Off With a Sha-Bang" 讨论了启动脚本的方式，特别是以 "#!" 开头的行（称为 Shebang），它告诉操作系统应该使用哪个解释器来执行脚本。这一章还涵盖了如何正确地调用和执行脚本。书中的其他章节可能包括但不限于以下主题： - 控制结构（如条件语句、循环） - 变量和数据类型 - 函数和程序设计 - 输入/输出重定向和管道 - 错误处理和调试技巧 - 正则表达式和文本处理 - 脚本优化和性能提升 - 自动化任务和调度 - 使用 Shell 的内置命令和外部工具通过学习《Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide》，读者不仅可以掌握 Bash Shell 脚本的精髓，还能深入了解 UNIX/Linux 系统的工作原理，从而提高自动化任务处理和系统管理的效率。无论是对初学者还是有经验的开发者，这都是一本非常有价值的资源。

bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [15] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))"

# Set "a = 9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" also serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix K). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

The * also represents any number (or zero) characters in a regular expression.

arithmetic operator. In the context of arithmetic operations, the * denotes multiplication.

** A double asterisk can represent the exponentiation operator or extended file-match globbing.

test operator. Within certain expressions, the ? indicates a test for a condition.

In a double-parentheses construct, the ? can serve as an element of a C-style trinary operator, ?:.

(( var0 = var1<98?9:21 ))

# ^ ^

# if [ "$var1" -lt 98 ]

# then

# var0=9

# else

# var0=21

# fi

In a parameter substitution expression, the ? tests whether a variable has been set.

wild card. The ? character serves as a single-character "wild card" for filename expansion in

globbing, as well as representing one character in an extended regular expression.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

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深入探索Bash脚本艺术：高级Bash-Scripting指南

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide 3.9.1 （包括中译本）

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide 中英版及源码

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