Go编程语言权威指南：Donovan & Kernighan 著

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《The Go Programming Language》是由Alan A. A. Donovan（来自Google Inc.）和Brian W. Kernighan（来自Princeton University）共同编著的一本于2015年10月出版的计算机编程书籍。这本书专为学习和理解Go编程语言而设计，Go语言以其简洁、高效和易于维护的特点在IT领域内日益受到关注。该书的标题本身就明确了主题，即介绍Go编程语言的基础和实践。Go语言，也被称为Golang，是Google开发的一种静态类型、编译型的编程语言，旨在解决并发编程的挑战，尤其是网络编程和分布式系统。其设计理念强调了性能、简洁性以及对C/C++的兼容性。《The Go Programming Language》的目录标签"Contents"暗示了书中内容的结构，可能包括但不限于语言语法介绍、核心特性如goroutines（轻量级线程）、channels（用于进程间通信）、并发控制、内存管理、标准库使用、错误处理、包管理以及构建工具Go build和Go modules的使用等。此外，还可能涵盖了Go语言的设计哲学、性能分析以及最佳实践。作者们在序言中可能强调了Go语言的设计目标和背后的思考，以及为何选择在现代软件开发环境中推广Go。书中可能会通过实例展示如何编写高效的Go代码，并提供深入的理论背景和实践指导。值得注意的是，书中可能包含了对Go语言商标使用的声明，表明制造商和销售商可能对某些术语或标识有权利保护。同时，作者和出版社强调了本书不提供任何形式的保证，也不承担因使用书中信息或程序而导致的间接或附带损害的责任。对于企业用户，该书可能提供了定制版或批量购买的信息，以满足特定的培训和业务需求。电子版本的提及可能意味着它还是一本数字资源，方便读者在不同设备上阅读和学习。《The Go Programming Language》是一本深度探讨Go语言的关键资源，适合对Go语言感兴趣的开发者、系统管理员以及希望学习现代化编程语言的人群，它将为读者提供一个全面而实用的入门指南和深入理解平台。

ptg16105617

THE GO PROJECTxv

Or ganization ofthe Book

We assume thatyou haveprogrammed inone ormoreother langu ages, whether comp ile d li ke

C, C++, andJava, orint erprete d li kePyt hon,Ruby, and JavaS crip t,sowewon’tspell out every-

thing as if for a tot albeg inner.Sur face sy ntaxwill befami liar, as will var iables andcon stants,

expressions,control ﬂow,and functions.

Chapter1 isatut orialonthe basic cons tructsofGo, int roduce d thro ugh a dozen programsfor

ever ydaytasks like readingand writing ﬁles, for matting text, creating images, andcommuni-

cating wit h Internet clients andser vers.

Chapter2 des crib esthe str uctural elements ofaGoprogram—de clarat ions,var iables, new

types, packages and ﬁles, andscope.Chapt er3 dis cussesnumbers,boole ans, str ings, andcon-

st ants, andexplainshow topro cessUnico de.Chapt er4 des crib escomposite typ es, that is,

typesbui ltupfro m simpler onesusingarrays, maps, str ucts, and sli ces,Go’sappro ach to

dy namic lists. Chapt er5 cov ers functions and dis cusseserror handling, panic and recover,

andthe defer st atement.

Chapters 1 through 5 are thu s thebasics, things thatare par t of any mainst reamimp erat ive

language . Go’ssyntaxand sty lesom etimesdif fer fro m ot her langu ages, but mostprogram-

mers will pickthemupquickly. The remainingchapt ers focus ontopics where Go’sappro ach

is lessconvent ion al: met hods, interfaces, conc urrency,packages, testing , andreﬂec tion.

Go has an unusualappro ach to obj e ct-oriente d prog ramming. There are noclass hierarchies,

or indeed any class es; comp lex obj e ctbeh avior s arecre ate d from simpler onesbycomposition,

notinher itance. Met hodsmay beass oci ated wit h anyuser-deﬁne d type,not juststr uctures,

andthe rel ation shipbet weencon crete typ es andabstrac t types(interfaces)isimp licit, soa

concrete typ e maysat isf y an interface thatthe typ e’sdesig ner was unawareof. Met hodsare

covere d in Chapt er6and int erfaces in Chapt er7.

Chapter8 presentsGo’sappro ach to con cur rency,whichisbas edonthe ide a of communic at-

ingsequential pro cesses(CSP), embodie d by goroutinesand channel s.Chapt er9 explainsthe

more tradition alasp ectsofcon cur rency bas edonshare d var iables.

Chapter10des crib espackages, the mech anism for organizinglibrar ies. Thischapt erals o

shows how tomakeeffec tive use ofthe go to ol, whichprovides for compi lat ion, testing ,

benchmarking , prog ram formatting , do cumentation,and manyother tasks, allwit hin a single

command.

Chapter11deals wit h test ing , whereGotakes a not ably lig htweig htappro ach,avoiding

abstrac tion-l aden framewor ksinfavor of simplelibrar ies andtools.The testing librar ies

prov ide a found ation atopwhichmorecomplex abstrac tions can bebui lt if necessary.

Chapter12dis cussesreﬂec tion,the abi lit y of a prog ram to examineits own represent ation

during exe cut ion.Reﬂec tion isapow erfultool, thoug h on e to beusedcaref ully; thischapt er

explains ﬁndingthe rig htbal ance byshowing how itisusedtoimp lementsom e importantGo

librar ies. Chapter13explainsthe gor y det ails oflow-le vel programmingthatusesthe unsafe

packagetosteparo und Go’styp e system, andwhenthatisappro priate.

The Go Programming Language

revision 3b600c, date 29 Sep 2015

From the Library of YIGUANG HU

ptg16105617

xvi PREFACE

Each chapterhas a numberofexercis esthatyou can use totestyourunderst andingofGo, and

to explore extensions and alt ernat ivestothe examples fro m thebook.

Al l butthe most trivialcodeexamples in the bookare avai lable for dow nlo ad from the public

Gitrep ository at gopl.io.Eachexampleisidentiﬁed byits packageimp ort pat h andmay be

conv enientlyfetch ed, bui lt, andins tal le d usingthe go get command. You’ll need tocho ose a

direc tor y to beyourGowor ksp ace andset the GOPATH enviro nment var iable topoint toit.

The go to olwill cre ate the direc tor y if necessary.For example:

$export GOPATH=$HOME/gobook #choose workspace directory

$goget gopl.io/ch1/helloworld #fetch, build, install

$$GOPATH/bin/helloworld #run

Hello, BF

To r un the examples, you will need atleast version1.5 ofGo.

$goversion

go version go1.5 linux/amd64

Fo llowthe ins tructions at https://golang.org/doc/install if the go to olonyourcom-

puterisolder ormissing.

WheretoFind MoreInformation

Thebestsourcefor moreinfor mat ionabout Goisthe ofﬁci al we b site, https://golang.org,

whichprovides accesstothe documentation,includingthe Go Programmi n g Lang uageSpeciﬁ-

cati on,stand ard packages, andthe like. There are als o tutorialsonhow towrite Goand how

to write itwel l,and a wide variet y of onlinetext andvide o resources thatwill bevaluablecom-

plements tothisbook. TheGoBlog at blog.golang.org pu blishessom e of the bestwriting

on Go, wit h ar ticles onthe state ofthe langu age, plans for the fut ure , reportsonconferences,

andin-depth explanation s of a wide variet y of Go-rel ate d topics.

Oneofthe most usefulasp ectsofonlineaccesstoGo(andareg rettablelimitation of a pap er

book) isthe abi lit y to run Goprogramsfro m theweb pages thatdes crib e them. Thisfunc-

tion ality isprovide d by the GoPlayg round at play.golang.org,and may beemb edde d

within other pages, suchasthe home pageat golang.org or the documentation pages ser ved

by the godoc to ol.

ThePlayg round makes itconvenienttoper for m simpleexp eriments toche ckone’sunder-

st andingofsyntax, semantics, orlibrar y packages wit h short programs, andinmanyways

takesthe place ofare ad-e val-print loop (REPL) in other langu ages. Its persistentURLs are

greatfor sharing snipp ets ofGocodewit h ot hers, for rep ortingbugs ormak ingsug gestion s.

Builtatopthe Playg round,the GoTourat tour.golang.org is a sequence ofshort int erac tive

lessons onthe basic ideas andcon str uctions ofGo, anorderly wal k thro ugh the langu age.

Theprimary shortcomingofthe Playg round and the Touristhatthe y al lowonlystand ard

librar ies to beimp orted,and manylibrar y fe atures—networ king, for example—arerestr icted

The Go Programming Language

revision 3b600c, date 29 Sep 2015

From the Library of YIGUANG HU

ptg16105617

WHERE TOFIND MORE INFORMATION xvii

forprac tic al or sec urity reasons.The y also requireaccesstothe Int ernet tocompi leand run

each program. Sofor moreelaborateexp eriments, you will havetorun Goprogramsonyour

ow n comp uter. For tunatelythe dow nlo ad processisstraig htfor ward, soitshouldnot take

more thanafew minut estofetch the Godistr ibution fro m golang.org andstart writing and

runningGoprogramsofyourown.

SinceGoisanopen-s ource pro jec t,you can readthe codefor any typ e or function in the stan-

dard librar y on lineat https://golang.org/pkg;the samecodeispar t of the dow nlo ade d

dist ribut ion.Use thisto ﬁgureout how som ethingwor ks, ortoanswerquestion s ab out

det ails,ormerelytosee how exp erts write reallygood Go.

Acknowledgments

RobPikeand RussCox,coremembers ofthe Goteam, readthe manus cript several times wit h

greatcare; their comments oneverythingfro m word choice tooveral l st ruc tureand organiza-

tion havebeeninvaluable. Whi le prep aringthe Jap anes e transl ation,Yoshi kiShibata wentfar

beyond the cal l of duty; his met iculou s eyespott ednumerou s inconsistencies in the Eng lish

text anderror s in the code. Wegre atlyappre ciate thoro ugh revie ws andcriticalcommentson

theent ire manus cript fro m Br ian Goetz, Corey Kos ak, Ar noldRobbins, JoshBle e cherSny der,

andPeter Weinberger.

We a re indebte d to SameerAjmani,Itt aiBal aban, Dav id Crawshaw, BillyDon ohue, Jon athan

Feinberg , Andrew Gerrand, Rob ert Gries emer,JohnLinder man, Minux Ma, Bryan Mills, Bal a

Nataraj an, Cosmos Nicolaou , Paul Stanifor th, Nigel Tao,and HowardTrickey for many

helpf ulsug gestion s.Weals o than k DavidBrai lsfordand RaphLevien for typ esetting adv ice.

OureditorGregDoenchatAddison-Wesle y gotthe bal l ro llingoriginallyand has beencon-

tinuou sly helpf uleversince.The AWpro duc tionteam—Jo hnFuller,Day naIsley,Julie Nahi l,

Chut i Pras ertsith,and Barb ara Wo o d—hasbeenoutst anding; author s couldnot hop e forbet-

tersup por t.

AlanDon ovan wishestothank:SameerAjmani,Chr isDemet riou, WaltDrummon d,and Reid

TatgeatGooglefor allow ing him timetowrite;Steph enDon ovan, for his adv ice andtimely

encouragement; andabove all,his wifeLei laKazemi,for her unhesitating ent husi asm and

unwaver ingsup por t forthispro jec t,despit e thelon g hoursofdistrac tionand abs ente eism

from fami lylifethatitent ailed.

Br ian Ker nighanisdeeply gratef ultofriends and col leagues for their pat ience andforbearance

as hemov edslowlyalong the pat h to underst anding, and esp eci ally tohis wifeMeg , whohas

been unfailinglysup por tiveofbook-w rit ing and somuchels e.

Ne w Yo r k

Oc tob er2015

The Go Programming Language

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From the Library of YIGUANG HU

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