实验探究：双色铯磁光阱6S1/2-6P3/2-7S1/2系统

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"Two-color cesium magneto-optical trap with 6S1/2-6P3/2-7S1/2 (852 nm + 1470 nm) ladder-type system" 这篇研究文章介绍了采用双色(两色)铯磁光陷阱(Two-color Cesium Magneto-Optical Trap, TC-MOT)的技术，具体是基于6S1/2-6P3/2-7S1/2的阶梯型系统，利用852纳米和1470纳米的光波长。这是一个创新性的实验探索，据作者所知，这是首次报告关于1470纳米和852纳米双色铯TC-MOT的研究。传统的铯磁光陷阱(Cesium Magneto-Optical Trap, MOT)通常使用三对852纳米的冷却和捕获光束(Cooling and Trapping Beams, CTBs)。在这个双色版本中，其中一个852纳米的CTB被一对1470纳米的CTB替代。这种改变使得TC-MOT部分利用了6P3/2（F' = 5）至7S1/2（F'' = 4）激发态跃迁（对应1470纳米光）的光辐射力。这种双色设计能够优化陷阱中的冷却过程，提高了原子冷却和捕获的效率。在量子光学和量子光学设备领域，这样的改进对于精密测量、原子钟、量子计算以及量子信息处理等应用具有重要意义。通过利用不同波长的光，研究者可以更好地控制和操纵铯原子，从而在量子物理实验中实现更高级的功能。此外，双色MOT还可以减少对特定光频率的依赖，增加了实验的灵活性。实验结果显示，双色设置增强了陷阱的性能，可能包括更高的原子密度、更短的冷却时间或更好的原子云稳定性。这种新型的TC-MOT技术为未来原子物理学研究和相关技术的发展提供了新的可能性，特别是在精密测量和量子科技的应用方面。作者团队来自中国山西大学的量子光学与量子光学设备国家重点实验室、光电研究所和极端光学协同创新中心，由王杰、杨光、何军和王军民等人进行研究，并由王军民担任通讯作者。该研究在2016年11月提交，2017年2月接受，并于同年3月在线发布。这项工作展示了在磁光陷阱技术上的一个重要进步，通过结合不同波长的光，实现了更高效和灵活的原子冷却与捕获，对于推动量子科学和技术的进步有着重要的贡献。

Two-color cesium magneto-optical trap with 6S

1/2

-6P

3/2

1/2

(852 nm + 1470 nm) ladder-type system

Jie Wang (王杰)

1,2

, Guang Yang (杨光)

1,2

, Jun He (何军)

1,2,3

, and

Junmin Wang (王军民)

1,2,3,

State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

*Corresponding author: wwjjmm@sxu.edu.cn

Received November 17, 2016; accepted February 17, 2017; posted online March 13, 2017

A 1470 nm þ 852 nm two-color (TC) cesium (Cs) magneto-optical trap (MOT) with a 6S

1∕2

-6P

3∕2

-7S

1∕2

ladder-

type system is proposed and experimentally investigated. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report about

the 1470 nm þ 852 nm Cs TC-MOT. One of the three pairs of the 852 nm cooling and trapping beams (CTBs) in

a conventional Cs MOT is replaced with a pair of the 1470 nm CTBs. Thus, the TC-MOT partially employs the

optical radiation forces from photon scattering of the 6P

3∕2

¼ 5) −7S

1∕2

¼ 4) excited-state transition

(1470 nm). This TC-MOT can cool and trap Cs atoms on both the red- and blue-detuning sides of the two-

photon resonance. This work may have applications in cooling and trapping of atoms using inconvenient wave-

lengths and background-free detection of cold and trapped Cs atoms.

OCIS codes: 020.3320, 270.4180, 300.6210.

doi: 10.3788/COL201715.050203.

Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms in a conven-

tional magneto-optical trap (MOT) plays an important

role and has a profound impact in many fields, such as pre-

cision measurements, optical atomic clocks, quantum de-

generate gases, and quantum information processing

[1–3]

To date, most laser cooling schemes have used the optical

radiation forces caused by photon scattering from the sin-

gle-photon transition between atomic ground state and

excited state. This approach has been extremely success-

ful, leading to a range of techniques including Doppler

cooling

[4]

, polarization gradient cooling

[5]

, and velocity-

selective coherent population trapping

[6]

. However, there

are few theoretical and experimental investigations of

two-photon laser cooling in a ladder-type atomic system.

Furthermore, these studies have mostly focused on the

cooling of alkaline-earth-metal atoms as a second stage

using the narrow

inter-combination transition

after the initial precooling with a strong

dipole

transition

[7–9]

. Most recently, with the development of

excited-states spectroscopy

[10,11]

, a two-color (TC) MOT

based on the cesium (Cs) 6S

1∕2

-6P

3∕2

-8S

1∕2

(852 nm þ

795 nm) ladder-type system, which partially uses the op-

tical radiation forces from photon scattering between two

excited states (6P

3∕2

and 8S

1∕2

states), has been experi-

mentally demonstrated

[12–14]

. The TC-MOT can cool and

trap atoms on both the red- and blue-detuning sides of

the two-photon resonance. This approach has been ap-

plied to background-free detection of trapped atoms from

the related transitions driven without a laser beam with

the help of narrow-bandwidth high-contrast interference

filters in our previous work

[13]

. Also, this approach has ap-

plications in assisted cooling of certain atomic or molecu-

lar species that require lasers at inconvenient wavelengths.

For instance, a laser cooling technique to cool hydrogen or

anti-hydrogen atoms using the cooling transition between

excited states has been proposed

[15]

The primary motivation of this work is to better

understand the cooling and trapping mechanism from

multi-photon transitions. Figure

1(a) shows the decay

channels from the Cs 8S

1∕2

state with a decay rate of Γ

2π × 1.52 MHz and the 7S

1∕2

state with a decay rate of

Γ ¼ 2π × 3.30 MHz. Compared with the Cs 6S

1∕2

-6P

3∕2

1∕2

TC-MOT

[12–14]

, the Cs 6S

1∕2

-6P

3∕2

-7S

1∕2

TC-MOT

is significantly simpler because there are fewer decay chan-

nels. Actually, the behaviors of these TC-MOTs are differ-

ent in the conditions of low cooling and trapping laser

intensity, which is illustrated and analyzed in the text. Con-

sequently, it can aid in understanding the cooling and trap-

ping mechanism in this simple ladder-type system. Another

advantage of having fewer decay channels is that the

Fig. 1. Relevant energy-level and fine transitions of Cs atoms

for (a) a 6S

1∕2

-6P

3∕2

-8S

1∕2

(852 nm þ 795 nm) ladder-type

system (not to scale) and for (b) a 6S

1∕2

-6P

3∕2

-7S

1∕2

(852 nm þ 1470 nm) ladder-type system (not to scale). There

are fewer decay channels from the Cs 7S

1∕2

state than that from

the Cs 8S

1∕2

state, which may aid in the analysis of the cooling

mechanism.

COL 15(5), 050203(2017) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS May 10, 2017

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