STM32CubeMX用户手册：配置与初始化C代码生成

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"STM32CubeMX是STMicroelectronics（意法半导体）推出的一款图形化配置工具，用于STM32微控制器的配置和初始化C代码生成。该手册详细介绍了STM32CubeMX的主要功能和使用方法，是STM32开发者的重要参考资料。" STM32CubeMX是STM32微控制器开发过程中的一个重要工具，它属于STMCube倡议的一部分，旨在简化STM32系列MCU的开发流程。STM32CubeMX提供了以下关键特性： 1. **广泛的MCU选择**：STM32CubeMX覆盖了STM32全系列的微控制器，方便用户根据项目需求选择合适的芯片。 2. **板卡选择**：用户可以从STMicroelectronics提供的板卡列表中选择开发板，这有助于快速建立与特定硬件平台相关的项目。 3. **轻松配置**：工具允许用户方便地配置微控制器的各项参数，如引脚分配、时钟树、外设以及中间件，然后自动生成相应的初始化C代码，大大减少了手动编写这些基础代码的工作量。 4. **跨MCU切换**：如果需要更换微控制器，用户可以将之前保存的配置导入到新的MCU项目中，减少了重复配置的时间。 5. **导出配置**：用户可以将当前的配置导出到兼容的MCU，便于在不同环境中复用或共享配置。 6. **生成配置报告**：STM32CubeMX可以生成详细的配置报告，帮助开发者了解和记录配置细节，提高项目管理的透明度。 7. **嵌入式C项目生成**：该工具可以为选定的集成开发环境（IDE）生成项目，包括生成的初始化C代码、符合MISRA 2004标准的STM32 HAL驱动程序以及中间件等，为开发者提供了一站式的开发解决方案。通过STM32CubeMX，开发者能够更高效地进行STM32项目的初始化设置，加速软件开发进程。手册详细阐述了如何使用STM32CubeMX进行各项操作，对于想要掌握STM32开发的人来说，是一份必不可少的学习资料。

General information UM1718

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1 General information

STM32CubeMX supports 32-bit Arm

Cortex

-based microcontrollers.

2 STM32Cube overview

STMCube™ is an STMicroelectronics original initiative to make developers’ lives easier by

reducing development effort, time and cost. STM32Cube is the implementation of

STMCube™ that covers the whole STM32 portfolio.

STM32Cube

includes:

• STM3

2CubeMX, a graphical software configuration tool that allows the generation of C

initialization code using graphical wizards.

• A comprehensive embedded software platform, delivered per Series (such as

STM32CubeF2 for STM32F2 Series and STM32CubeF4 for STM32F4 Series)

– The STM32Cube HAL, STM32 abstraction layer embedded software ensuring

maximized portability across the STM32 portfolio

– Low-layer APIs (LL) offering a fast light-weight expert-oriented layer which is

closer to the hardware than the HAL. LL APIs are available only for a set of

peripherals.

– A consistent set of middleware components such as RTOS, USB, TCP/IP,

Graphics

– All embedded software utilities, delivered with a full set of examples.

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UM1718 Getting started with STM32CubeMX

318

3 Getting started with STM32CubeMX

3.1 Principles

Customers need to quickly identify the MCU that best meets their requirements (core

architecture, features, memory size, performance…). While board designers main concerns

are to optimize the microcontroller pin configuration for their board layout and to fulfill the

application requirements (choice of peripherals operating modes), embedded system

developers are more interested in developing new applications for a specific target device,

and migrating existing designs to different microcontrollers.

The time taken to migrate to new platforms and update the C code to new firmware drivers

adds unnecessary delays to the project. STM32CubeMX was developed within STM32Cube

initiative which purpose is to meet customer key requirements to maximize software reuse

and minimize the time to create the target system:

• Software reuse and application design portability are achieved through STM32Cube

firmware solution proposing a common Hardware Abstraction Layer API across STM32

portfolio.

• Optimized migration time is achieved thanks to STM32CubeMX built-in knowledge of

STM32 microcontrollers, peripherals and middleware (LwIP and USB communication

protocol stacks, FatFs file system for small embedded systems, FreeRTOS).

STM32CubeMX graphical interface performs the following functions:

• Fast and easy configuration of the MCU pins, clock tree and operating modes for the

selected peripherals and middleware

• Generation of pin configuration report for board designers

• Generation of a complete project with all the necessary libraries and initialization C

code to set up the device in the user defined operating mode. The project can be

directly open in the selected application development environment (for a selection of

supported IDEs) to proceed with application development (see Figure 1).

During the configuration process, STM32CubeMX detects conflicts and invalid settings and

highlights them through meaningful icons and useful tool tips.

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UM1718 Getting started with STM32CubeMX

318

3.2 Key features

STM32CubeMX comes with the following features:

• Project management

STM32CubeMX allows creating, saving and loading previously saved projects:

– When STM32CubeMX is launched, the user can choose to create a new project or

to load a previously saved project.

– Saving the project saves user settings and configuration performed within the

project in an .ioc file that will be used the next time the project will be loaded in

STM32CubeMX.

STM32CubeMX also allows importing previously saved projects in new projects.

STM32CubeMX projects come in two flavors:

– MCU configuration only: .ioc file are saved anywhere, next to other .ioc files.

– MCU configuration with C code generation: in this case .ioc files are saved in a

dedicated project folder along with the generated source C code. There can be

only one .ioc file per project.

• Easy MCU and STMicroelectronics board selection

When starting a new project, a dedicated window opens to select either a

microcontroller or an STMicroelectronics board from STM32 portfolio. Different filtering

options are available to ease the MCU and board selection.

• Easy pinout configuration

– From the Pinout view, the user can select the peripherals from a list and configure

the peripheral modes required for the application. STM32CubeMX assigns and

configures the pins accordingly.

– For more advanced users, it is also possible to directly map a peripheral function

to a physical pin using the Chip view. The signals can be locked on pins to prevent

STM32CubeMX conflict solver from moving the signal to another pin.

– Pinout configuration can be exported as a .csv file.

• Complete project generation

The project generation includes pinout, firmware and middleware initialization C code

for a set of IDEs. It is based on STM32Cube embedded software libraries. The

following actions can be performed:

– Starting from the previously defined pinout, the user can proceed with the

configuration of middleware, clock tree, services (RNG, CRC, etc...) and

peripheral parameters. STM32CubeMX generates the corresponding initialization

C code. The result is a project directory including generated main.c file and C

header files for configuration and initialization, plus a copy of the necessary HAL

and middleware libraries as well as specific files for the selected IDE.

– The user can modify the generated source files by adding user-defined C code in

user dedicated sections. STM32CubeMX ensures that the user C code is

preserved upon next C code generation (the user C code is commented if it is no

longer relevant for the current configuration).

– STM32CubeMX can generate user files by using user-defined freemarker .ftl

template files.

– From the Project settings menu, the user can select the development tool chain

(IDE) for which the C code has to be generated. STM32CubeMX ensures that the

IDE relevant project files are added to the project folder so that the project can be

Getting started with STM32CubeMX UM1718

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directly imported as a new project within third party IDE (IAR

™

EWARM, Keil

™

MDK-ARM, Atollic

TrueSTUDIO

and AC6 System Workbench for STM32).

• Power consumption calculation

Starting with the selection of a microcontroller part number and a battery type, the user

can define a sequence of steps representing the application life cycle and parameters

(choice of frequencies, enabled peripherals, step duration). STM32CubeMX Power

Consumption Calculator returns the corresponding power consumption and battery life

estimates.

• Clock tree configuration

STM32CubeMX offers a graphical representation of the clock tree as it can be found in

the device reference manual. The user can change the default settings (clock sources,

prescaler and frequency values). The clock tree is then updated accordingly. Invalid

settings and limitations are highlighted and documented with tool tips. Clock tree

configuration conflicts can be solved by using the solver feature. When no exact match

is found for a given user configuration, STM32CubeMX proposes the closest solution.

• Automatic updates of STM32CubeMX and STM32Cube MCU packages

STM32CubeMX comes with an updater mechanism that can be configured for

automatic or on-demand check for updates. It supports STM32CubeMX self-updates

as well as STM32Cube firmware library package updates. The updater mechanism

also allows deleting previously installed packages.

• Report generation

.pdf and .csv reports can be generated to document user configuration work.

3.3 Rules and limitations

• C code generation covers only peripheral and middleware initialization. It is based on

STM32Cube HAL firmware libraries.

• STM32CubeMX C code generation covers only initialization code for peripherals and

middlewares that use the drivers included in STM32Cube embedded software

packages. The code generation of some peripherals and middlewares is not yet

supported.

• Refer to Appendix A for a description of pin assignment rules.

• Refer to Appendix B for a description of STM32CubeMX C code generation design

choices and limitations.

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