深入学习Visual C# 2013指南

2013

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"Visual C# 2013 Step by Step 是一本由John Sharp编写的教程书籍，由O'Reilly Media, Inc.出版，详细介绍了2013版的Microsoft Visual C#编程语言。该书旨在帮助读者逐步学习和掌握C# 2013的各个方面，提供实践指导。" 在《Visual C# 2013 Step by Step》中，作者John Sharp深入浅出地讲解了C# 2013的关键概念和技术，让初学者和有一定经验的开发者都能从中受益。以下是本书可能涵盖的一些重要知识点： 1. **C#基础知识**：包括变量、数据类型、运算符、控制流（如if语句、switch语句、循环）以及函数的使用，这些都是编写任何程序的基础。 2. **面向对象编程**：讲解类、对象、继承、封装、多态等核心概念，这是C#作为面向对象语言的核心特性。 3. **泛型**：C# 2013中的泛型允许创建可重用的代码，能够处理多种数据类型，提高效率和代码的可读性。 4. **LINQ（Language Integrated Query）**：C# 2013中强大的查询语言，允许开发者以更直观的方式处理数据集合，支持数据库、XML和内存中的数据源。 5. **异步编程**：C# 2013引入了async和await关键字，使得编写异步代码变得更加简单，提高了程序的响应性和性能。 6. **Lambda表达式**：一种简洁的匿名函数表示方式，常用于 LINQ 查询和事件处理中。 7. **.NET Framework**：介绍.NET Framework的基础知识，包括类库、Common Language Runtime (CLR) 和垃圾回收机制。 8. **Windows Forms和WPF**：C# 2013可以用于创建桌面应用，书中会介绍如何使用Windows Forms或Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 创建用户界面。 9. **ASP.NET Web应用开发**：C# 2013也可以用于构建Web应用，可能会涉及ASP.NET MVC、Web API和Web Forms等技术。 10. **调试和异常处理**：学习如何在Visual Studio中调试代码，以及如何处理运行时错误和异常。 11. **单元测试和持续集成**：理解测试驱动开发(TDD)的重要性，使用Visual Studio的内置工具进行单元测试，并介绍持续集成的概念。 12. **代码版本控制**：讲解使用Git或其他版本控制系统来管理代码的重要性，以及如何与团队协作。 13. **最佳实践和设计模式**：介绍软件开发中的最佳实践，如SOLID原则，以及常见的设计模式（如工厂模式、单例模式等）。 14. **安全性**：讲解如何在C# 2013中实现安全编码，包括身份验证、授权和数据保护。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅可以学习到C# 2013的语法和特性，还能了解到如何在实际项目中应用这些知识，从而成为一个更熟练的C#开发者。同时，书中提供的实例和练习有助于巩固学习，确保读者能够逐步掌握所学内容。

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xiv Contents

A simple iterator .......................................... 444

Dening an enumerator for the Tree<TItem> class by

using an iterator ...........................................446

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

Quick reference .................................................449

Chapter 20 Decoupling application logic and handling events 451

Understanding delegates ........................................452

Examples of delegates in the .NET Framework class library ......453

The automated factory scenario .............................455

Implementing the factory control system without

using delegates ...........................................455

Implementing the factory by using a delegate ................456

Declaring and using delegates ..............................459

Lambda expressions and delegates ................................468

Creating a method adapter .................................469

The forms of lambda expressions ............................469

Enabling notications by using events .............................471

Declaring an event .........................................472

Subscribing to an event. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472

Unsubscribing from an event ................................473

Raising an event ...........................................473

Understanding user interface events ..............................474

Using events ..............................................475

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

Quick reference .................................................483

Chapter 21 Querying in-memory data by using

query expressions 485

What is Language-Integrated Query? ..............................485

Using LINQ in a C# application ...................................486

Selecting data .............................................488

Filtering data ..............................................490

Ordering, grouping, and aggregating data ...................491

Contents xv

Joining data ...............................................493

Using query operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

Querying data in Tree<TItem> objects ........................497

LINQ and deferred evaluation ...............................503

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507

Quick reference .................................................508

Chapter 22 Operator overloading 511

Understanding operators ........................................511

Operator constraints .......................................512

Overloaded operators ......................................512

Creating symmetric operators ...............................514

Understanding compound assignment evaluation ...................516

Declaring increment and decrement operators .....................517

Comparing operators in structures and classes ......................518

Dening operator pairs ..........................................518

Implementing operators .........................................520

Understanding conversion operators ..............................526

Providing built-in conversions ...............................527

Implementing user-dened conversion operators .............528

Creating symmetric operators, revisited ......................529

Writing conversion operators ...............................529

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

Quick reference .................................................532

PART IV BUILDING PROFESSIONAL WINDOWS 8.1

APPLICATIONS WITH C#

Chapter 23 Improving throughput by using tasks 537

Why perform multitasking by using parallel processing? .............537

The rise of the multicore processor ..........................538

Implementing multitasking by using the Microsoft .NET Framework ...540

Tasks, threads, and the ThreadPool ..........................540

xvi Contents

Creating, running, and controlling tasks ......................541

Using the Task class to implement parallelism ................ 544

Abstracting tasks by using the Parallel class ...................556

When not to use the Parallel class ...........................560

Canceling tasks and handling exceptions ...........................562

The mechanics of cooperative cancellation ...................562

Using continuations with canceled and faulted tasks ...........576

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577

Quick reference .................................................578

Chapter 24 Improving response time by performing

asynchronous operations 581

Implementing asynchronous methods .............................582

Dening asynchronous methods: the problem ................582

Dening asynchronous methods: the solution .................585

Dening asynchronous methods that return values ............591

Asynchronous methods and the Windows Runtime APIs ........592

Using PLINQ to parallelize declarative data access ...................595

Using PLINQ to improve performance while iterating

through a collection .......................................596

Canceling a PLINQ query ...................................601

Synchronizing concurrent access to data ...........................602

Locking data ..............................................604

Synchronization primitives for coordinating tasks ..............605

Cancelling synchronization .................................607

The concurrent collection classes ............................608

Using a concurrent collection and a lock to implement

thread-safe data access .....................................609

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .619

Quick reference .................................................619

Chapter 25 Implementing the user interface for a

Windows Store app 623

What is a Windows Store app? ....................................624

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