LaTeX数学进阶指南第四版：乔治·格拉策访谈

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《More Math into LaTeX》第四版是一本专为数学专业人士和爱好者编写的指南，由George Grätzer撰写，旨在帮助读者更深入地掌握如何在LaTeX排版系统中高效地处理复杂的数学公式和表达式。本书是LaTeX领域的权威之作，适合那些希望提升数学文档制作技能的读者，特别是对于需要频繁撰写科学论文、技术报告或书籍的作者来说，它提供了不可或缺的工具。作者George Grätzer是加拿大曼尼托巴大学数学系的教授，他的专业背景使得书中内容既理论扎实又实践性强。Foreword由Rainer Schöpf撰写，作为LaTeX3团队的一员，他可能对LaTeX的最新发展和技术有深入理解，为读者提供了关于本书与LaTeX技术演进的相关见解。该书的特点包括封面设计由Mary Burgess完成，体现了专业且美观的视觉风格。图书采用了酸性纸张，确保长期保存的耐久性。版权信息表明，本书于2007年出版，由Springer Science+Business Media LLC发行，享有版权，未经授权不得复制或翻译全书或部分内容，除非用于学术评论或研究目的。 LaTeX是一个广泛使用的开源排版系统，特别适合处理数学公式，因为其内建的宏包和环境能够轻松创建复杂的数学符号、矩阵、公式集合等。《More Math into LaTeX》详细介绍了如何利用LaTeX的amsmath、amssymb、amsfonts等宏包，以及诸如align、equation、cases等环境来构建清晰、整洁的数学表达。此外，书中还涵盖了一些高级技巧，如分步公式、矩阵的自动编号、引用和交叉引用、以及如何处理复杂的图形和符号。书中不仅涵盖了基础的数学公式输入方法，还深入探讨了LaTeX与数学领域的交互，如LaTeX与数学软件（如Mathematica或MATLAB）的集成、数学论文中的参考文献管理和索引创建等。对于那些希望将自己的数学知识与LaTeX技术相结合的人来说，这是一本不可多得的参考资料。《More Math into LaTeX》第四版是一本实用的教程，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的用户，都能从中获益匪浅，提高他们在数学文档制作中的效率和专业水准。通过阅读和实践本书中的内容，读者将能够更好地理解和掌握LaTeX在数学领域中的应用，从而创作出高质量的数学出版物。

Contents xvii

16.1.5 Conference proceedings and collections . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

16.1.6 Theses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

16.1.7 Technical reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

16.1.8 Manuscripts and other entry types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

16.1.9 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

16.2 Using BIBT

X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

16.2.1 Sample ﬁles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

16.2.2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

16.2.3 Four steps of BIBT

Xing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

16.2.4 BIBT

X rules and messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

16.2.5 Submitting an article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

16.3 Concluding comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

17 MakeIndex 449

17.1 Preparing the document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

17.2 Index commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

17.3 Processing the index entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

17.4 Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

17.5 Multiple indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

17.6 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

17.7 Concluding comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

18 Books in L

X 465

18.1 Book document classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

18.1.1 Sectioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

18.1.2 Division of the body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

18.1.3 Document class options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

18.1.4 Title pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

18.1.5 Springer’s document class for monographs . . . . . . . . . . 469

18.2 Tables of contents, lists of tables and ﬁgures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

18.2.1 Tables of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

18.2.2 Lists of tables and ﬁgures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

18.2.3 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

18.3 Organizing the ﬁles for a book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

18.3.1 The folders and the master document . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

18.3.2 Inclusion and selective inclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

18.3.3 Organizing your ﬁles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

18.4 Logical design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

18.5 Final preparations for the publisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

18.6 If you create the PDF ﬁle for your book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

xviii Contents

A Installation 489

A.1 L

X on a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

A.1.1 Installing MiKTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

A.1.2 Installing WinEdt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

A.1.3 The editing cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

A.1.4 Making a mistake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

A.1.5 Three productivity tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

A.1.6 An important folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

A.2 L

X on a Mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

A.2.1 Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

A.2.2 Working with TeXShop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

A.2.3 The editing cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

A.2.4 Making a mistake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

A.2.5 Three productivity tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

A.2.6 An important folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

B Math symbol tables 501

B.1 Hebrew and Greek letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

B.2 Binary relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

B.3 Binary operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

B.4 Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

B.5 Miscellaneous symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

B.6 Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

B.7 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

B.7.1 Large operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

B.8 Math accents and fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

B.9 Math spacing commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

C Text symbol tables 515

C.1 Some European characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

C.2 Text accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

C.3 Text font commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

C.3.1 Text font family commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

C.3.2 Text font size changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

C.4 Additional text symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

C.5 Additional text symbols with T1 encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

C.6 Text spacing commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

D Some background 521

D.1 A short history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

D.1.1 T

X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

D.1.2 L

X 2.09 and A

S-T

X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

D.1.3 L

X3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Foreword

It was the autumn of 1989—a few weeks before the Berlin wall came down, President

George H. W. Bush was president, and the American Mathematical Society decided to

outsource T

X programming to Frank Mittelbach and me.

Why did the AMS outsource T

X programming to us? This was, after all, a decade

before the words “outsourcing” and “off-shore” entered the lexicon. There were many

American T

X experts. Why turn elsewhere?

For a number of years, the AMS tried to port the mathematical typesetting features

of A

S-T

X to L

X, but they made little progress with the AMSFonts. Frank and I

had just published the New Font Selection Scheme for L

X, which went a long way

to satisfy what they wanted to accomplish. So it was logical that the AMS turned to

us to add AMSFonts to L

X. Being young and enthusiastic, we convinced the AMS

that the A

S-T

X commands should be changed to conform to the L

X standards.

Michael Downes was assigned as our AMS contact; his insight was a tremendous help.

We already had L

X-NFSS, which could be run in two modes: compatible with

the old L

X or enabled with the new font features. We added the reworked A

S-

X code to L

X-NFSS, thus giving birth to A

S-L

X, released by the AMS at the

August 1990 meeting of the International Mathematical Union in Kyoto.

S-L

X was another variant of L

X. Many installations had several L

variants to satisfy the needs of their users: with old and new font changing commands,

with and without A

S-L

X, a single and a multi-language version. We decided

to develop a Standard L

X that would reconcile all the variants. Out of a group of

interested people grew what was later called the L

X3 team—and the L

X3 project

got underway. The team’s ﬁrst major accomplishment was the release of L

X 2

June 1994. This standard L

X incorporates all the improvements we wanted back in

1989. It is now very stable and it is uniformly used.

Under the direction of Michael Downes, our A

S-L

X code was turned into

AMS packages that run under L

X just like other packages. Of course, the L

xxii Foreword

team recognizes that these are special; we call them “required packages” because they

are part and parcel of a mathematician’s standard toolbox.

Since then a lot has been achieved to make an author’s task easier. A tremendous

number of additional packages are available today. The L

X Companion, 2nd edition,

describes many of my favorite packages.

George Gr

atzer got involved with these developments in 1990, when he got his

copy of A

S-L

X in Kyoto. The documentation he received explained that A

S-

X is a L

X variant—read Lamport’s L

X book to get the proper background.

S-L

X is not A

S-T

X either—read Spivak’s A

S-T

X book to get the proper

background. The rest of the document explained in what way A

S-L

X differs from

X and A

S-T

X. Talk about a steep learning curve . . .

Luckily, George’s frustration working through this nightmare was eased by a

lengthy e-mail correspondence with Frank and lots of telephone calls to Michael. Three

years of labor turned into his ﬁrst book on L

X, providing a “simple introduction to

S-L

X”.

This fourth edition is more mature, but preserves what made his ﬁrst book such

a success. Just as in the ﬁrst book, Part I is a short introduction for the beginner,

dramatically reducing the steep learning curve of a few weeks to a few hours. The

rest of the book is a detailed presentation of what you may need to know. George

“teaches by example”. You ﬁnd in this book many illustrations of even the simplest

concepts. For articles, he presents the L

X source ﬁle and the typeset result side-by-

side. For formulas, he discusses the building blocks with examples, presents a Formula

Gallery, and a Visual Guide to multiline formulas.

Going forth and creating “masterpieces of the typesetting art”—as Donald Knuth

put it at the end of the T

Xbook—requires a fair bit of initiation. This is the book for

the L

X beginner as well as for the advanced user. You just start at a different point.

The topics covered include everything you need for mathematical publishing.

Starting from scratch, by installing and running L

X on your own computer

Instructions on creating articles, from the simple to the complex

Converting an article to a presentation

Customize L

X to your own needs

The secrets of writing a book

Where to turn to get more information or to download updates

The many examples are complemented by a number of easily recognizable fea-

tures:

Rules which you must follow

Tips on how to achieve some speciﬁc results

Experiments to show what happens when you make mistakes—sometimes, it can be

difﬁcult to understand what went wrong when all you see is an obscure L

error message

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