SD卡物理层简化规范3.01版解析

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"SD卡物理层简化规范3.01版" SD卡物理层简化规范3.01版是SD卡协会发布的一个重要技术文档，由松下公司、闪迪公司和东芝公司技术委员会共同制定。这份规范详细定义了SD 3.0标准的物理层特性，旨在确保不同制造商生产的SD卡和读卡器之间的兼容性和互操作性。自2006年以来，该规范经历了多次更新，从1.10版到2.00版，再到2010年5月18日发布的3.01版。在3.01版中，SD卡物理层的改进可能包括以下几个方面： 1. **速度等级**：SD 3.0引入了更高的速度等级，如UHS-I（Ultra High Speed Interface - 1），以支持更快的数据传输速率。这使得SD卡能够满足高清视频录制和其他高带宽应用的需求。 2. **接口技术**：规范可能详细描述了UHS-SPI模式（Ultra High Speed Serial Peripheral Interface）和UHS-I的并行接口，这两种接口都提升了数据传输速率。UHS-I通过增加额外的数据线来实现高速传输。 3. **电气特性**：物理层规范会涵盖SD卡的电压等级、信号电平、阻抗匹配、时钟同步等电气特性，确保在不同环境下的稳定工作。 4. **机械设计**：包括SD卡的尺寸、引脚布局、耐久性和防误插设计，以确保物理兼容性。 5. **错误检测与纠正**：可能增加了更先进的错误检测和纠正机制，如CRC（循环冗余校验）和ECC（错误校正码），以提高数据的可靠性和完整性。 6. **电源管理**：规范可能详细规定了SD卡的电源需求和功耗限制，支持低功耗模式以适应移动设备。 7. **兼容性**：3.01版规范会确保新版本的SD卡能与旧版本的读卡器兼容，同时旧版本的卡也能在新版本的读卡器上正常工作。 8. **知识产权（IP）政策**：文档中提到了IP政策，意味着使用这个规范的成员需要获得必要的许可，特别是涉及到SD 1.0或1.01版本的任何部分。此规范的发布对于推动SD卡技术的发展和广泛应用至关重要，它为制造商提供了明确的技术指导，同时也为消费者提供了性能一致且可靠的存储解决方案。随着技术的进步，SD卡物理层规范的更新将持续优化存储设备的性能和功能。

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

• Protocol attributes of the communication channel:

SD Memory Card Communication Channel

Six-wire communication channel

(clock, command, 4 data lines)

Error-protected data transfer

Single or Multiple block oriented data transfer

• SD Memory Card Form-factor

There are three Part 1 mechanical addenda as follows:

Standard Size SD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 Standard Size SD Card Addendum"

miniSD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 miniSD Card Addendum"

microSD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 microSD Card Addendum"

• Standard Size SD Memory Card thickness is defined as both 2.1 mm (normal) and 1.4 mm (Thin

SD Memory Card).

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

3. SD Memory Card System Concept

Description here is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.1 Read-Write Property

In terms of read-write property, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Read/Write (RW) cards (Flash, One Time Programmable - OTP, Multiple Time Programmable -

MTP). These cards are typically sold as blank (empty) media and are used for mass data storage,

end user video, audio or digital image recording

• Read Only Memory (ROM) cards. These cards are manufactured with fixed data content. They are

typically used as a distribution media for software, audio, video etc.

3.2 Supply Voltage

In terms of operating supply voltage, one type of SD Memory Cards is defined:

• High Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the voltage range of 2.7-3.6 V.

3.3 Card Capacity

3.3.1 User Area and Protected Area

SD Memory Card has two accessible independent areas: User Area and Protected Area. User Area is

main memory area and Protected Area can be accessed by the authentication defined by the Part 3

Security Specification. Card Capacity means the sum of User Area Capacity and Protected Area

Capacity.

3.3.2 Card Capacity Classification

In terms of card capacity, three types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Standard Capacity SD Memory Card (SDSC) supports capacity up to and including 2 G bytes (2

bytes). All versions of the Physical Layer Specifications define the Standard Capacity SD Memory

Card.

• High Capacity SD Memory Card (SDHC) supports capacity more than 2 G bytes (2

bytes) up to 32

G bytes and is defined from the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00.

• Extended Capacity SD Memory Card (SDXC) supports more than 32 G bytes (2

bytes) up to 2TB.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00 or later and the File

System Specification Ver2.00 or higher can access High Capacity SD Memory Cards and Extended

Capacity SD Memory Cards. Other hosts fail to initialize High Capacity SD Memory Cards and

Extended Capacity SD Memory Cards.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification Version 3.00 or higher and the File

System Specification Ver3.00 or later (exFAT supported) can access Extended Capacity SD Memory

Note:

1. The Part 1 Physical Layer Specification Version 3.00 and Part 2 File System Specification Version

3.00 allow Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including 2 GB, High

Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including 32 GB and Extended Capacity

SD Memory Card to have capacity up to 2 TB.

2. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 2 GB

and up to and including 32 GB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a capacity of

2 GB or less.

3. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 32 GB

and up to 2 TB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a capacity of 32 GB or less.

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

3.6 Bus Protocol

3.6.1 SD Bus

Communication over the SD bus is based on command and data bit streams that are initiated by a start

bit and terminated by a stop bit.

• Command: a command is a token that starts an operation. A command is sent from the host either

to a single card (addressed command) or to all connected cards (broadcast command). A command

is transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Response: a response is a token that is sent from an addressed card, or (synchronously) from all

connected cards, to the host as an answer to a previously received command. A response is

transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Data: data can be transferred from the card to the host or vice versa. Data is transferred via the

data lines.

Figure 3-1: "no response" and "no data" Operations

Card addressing is implemented using a session address, assigned to the card during the initialization

phase. The structure of commands, responses and data blocks is described in Chapter 4. The basic

transaction on the SD bus is the command/response transaction (refer to Figure 3-1). This type of bus

transaction transfers their information directly within the command or response structure. In addition,

some operations have a data token.

Data transfers to/from the SD Memory Card are done in blocks. Data blocks are always succeeded by

CRC bits. Single and multiple block operations are defined. Note that the Multiple Block operation mode

is better for faster write operation. A multiple block transmission is terminated when a stop command

follows on the CMD line. Data transfer can be configured by the host to use single or multiple data lines.

command response

block read operation

data stop operation

CMD

DAT

from

host

to card

stop command

stops data transfer

data from card

to host

from

card

to host

data block crc

data block crc data block crc

multiple block read operation

Figure 3-2: (Multiple) Block Read Operation

The block write operation uses a simple busy signaling of the write operation duration on the DAT0 data

line (see Figure 3-3) regardless of the number of data lines used for transferring the data.

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