使用Visual Studio部署ASP.NET Web应用到Azure

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"ASPNET_Web_Deployment_using_Visual_Studio.pdf 是一个关于使用Visual Studio进行ASP.NET Web应用程序部署的英文教程。作者是Tom Dykstra，该教程旨在教你如何将ASP.NET web应用发布到Windows Azure Web Site或第三方托管提供商，支持Visual Studio 2012和2010版本。教程内容包括从开发环境部署到本地IIS服务器进行测试，再到Azure或第三方平台的预发布和生产环境。示例应用是一个使用Entity Framework、SQL Server和ASP.NET会员系统的Web应用程序项目，虽然基于ASP.NET Web Forms，但展示的步骤同样适用于ASP.NET MVC和Web API。" 这篇教程详细讲解了ASP.NET Web应用程序部署的关键知识点： 1. **Visual Studio的发布功能**：教程介绍了如何利用Visual Studio的集成工具来打包和部署Web应用程序，无论是针对本地IIS测试还是云端发布。 2. **Windows Azure Web Sites**：学习如何配置和发布到Azure云服务，理解Azure Web Sites的概念，以及如何与Visual Studio无缝协作进行云部署。 3. **本地IIS测试**：在实际发布前，先在本地IIS服务器上部署和测试应用，确保其在不同环境下的兼容性和稳定性。 4. **ASP.NET membership系统**：了解如何使用ASP.NET的会员系统来实现用户身份验证和授权，这是许多Web应用的基础安全功能。 5. **Entity Framework**：深入理解如何结合Entity Framework进行数据访问，这是一款ORM（对象关系映射）工具，简化了数据库操作。 6. **SQL Server**：探讨与SQL Server的集成，包括数据库创建、迁移和配置，以及如何处理数据库连接字符串。 7. **跨平台部署**：教程不仅限于Azure，还涵盖了第三方托管提供商的部署，使你能够适应不同的托管环境。 8. **ASP.NET Web Forms与MVC**：尽管教程主要基于Web Forms，但也强调了同样的部署步骤适用于ASP.NET MVC和Web API，展示了技术间的通用性。 9. **步骤指南**：教程以分步的方式进行，适合初学者和有经验的开发者，帮助他们更好地理解和执行Web应用程序的部署流程。 10. **最佳实践**：除了基本操作，教程可能还会涉及一些最佳实践，如代码版本控制、持续集成和自动化部署，这些都是现代Web开发的重要组成部分。通过这个教程，开发者将全面掌握从开发环境到生产环境的完整部署流程，提升项目管理与运维的能力。

Review application features that affect deployment

The following features of the application affect how you deploy it or what you have to do to

deploy it. Each of these is explained in more detail in the following tutorials in the series.

 Contoso University uses a SQL Server database to store application data such as student

and instructor names. The database contains a mix of test data and production data, and

when you deploy to production you need to exclude the test data.

 The application uses the ASP.NET membership system, which stores user account

information in a SQL Server database. The application defines an administrator user who

has access to some restricted information. You need to deploy the membership database

without test accounts but with an administrator account.

 The application uses a third-party error logging and reporting utility. This utility is

provided in an assembly which must be deployed with the application.

 The error logging utility writes error information in XML files to a file folder. You have

to make sure that the account that ASP.NET runs under in the deployed site has write

Preparing for Database Deployment

Overview

This tutorial shows how to get the project ready for database deployment. The database structure

and some (not all) of the data in the application's two databases must be deployed to test, staging,

and production environments.

Typically, as you develop an application, you enter test data into a database that you don't want

to deploy to a live site. However, you might also have some production data that you do want to

deploy. In this tutorial you'll configure the Contoso University project and prepare SQL scripts

so that the correct data is included when you deploy.

Reminder: If you get an error message or something doesn't work as you go through the tutorial,

be sure to check the troubleshooting page.

SQL Server Express LocalDB

The sample application uses SQL Server Express LocalDB. SQL Server Express is the free

edition of SQL Server. It is commonly used during development because it is based on the same

database engine as full versions of SQL Server. You can test with SQL Server Express and be

assured that the application will behave the same in production, with a few exceptions for

features that vary between SQL Server Editions.

LocalDB is a special execution mode of SQL Server Express that enables you to work with

databases as .mdf files. Typically, LocalDB database files are kept in the App_Data folder of a

web project. The user instance feature in SQL Server Express also enables you to work with .mdf

files, but the user instance feature is deprecated; therefore, LocalDB is recommended for

working with .mdf files.

Typically SQL Server Express is not used for production web applications. LocalDB in

particular is not recommended for production use with a web application because it is not

designed to work with IIS.

In Visual Studio 2012, LocalDB is installed by default with Visual Studio. In Visual Studio 2010

and earlier versions, SQL Server Express (without LocalDB) is installed by default with Visual

Studio; that is why you installed it as one of the prerequisites in the first tutorial in this series.

For more information about SQL Server editions, including LocalDB, see the following

resources Working with SQL Server Databases.

Entity Framework and Universal Providers

For database access, the Contoso University application requires the following software that

must be deployed with the application because it is not included in the .NET Framework:

 ASP.NET Universal Providers (enables the ASP.NET membership system to use

Windows Azure SQL Database)

 Entity Framework 5.0

Because this software is included in NuGet packages, the project is already set up so that the

required assemblies are deployed with the project. (The links point to the current versions of

these packages, which might be newer than what is installed in the starter project that you

downloaded for this tutorial.)

If you are deploying to a third-party hosting provider instead of to Windows Azure, make sure

that you use Entity Framework 5.0 or later. Earlier versions of Code First Migrations require Full

Trust, and most hosting providers will run your application in Medium Trust. For more

information about Medium Trust, see the Deploy to IIS as a Test Environment tutorial.

Configure Code First Migrations for application database

deployment

The Contoso University application database is managed by Code First, and you'll deploy it by

using Code First Migrations. For an overview of database deployment by using Code First

Migrations, see the first tutorial in this series.

When you deploy an application database, typically you don't simply deploy your development

database with all of the data in it to production, because much of the data in it is probably there

only for testing purposes. For example, the student names in a test database are fictional. On the

other hand, you often can't deploy just the database structure with no data in it at all. Some of the

data in your test database might be real data and must be there when users begin to use the

application. For example, your database might have a table that contains valid grade values or

real department names.

To simulate this common scenario, you'll configure a Code First Migrations Seed method that

inserts into the database only the data that you want to be there in production. This Seed method

shouldn't insert test data because it will run in production after Code First creates the database in

production.

In earlier versions of Code First before Migrations was released, it was common for Seed

methods to insert test data also, because with every model change during development the

database had to be completely deleted and re-created from scratch. With Code First Migrations,

test data is retained after database changes, so including test data in the Seed method is not

necessary. The project that you downloaded uses the method of including all data in the Seed

method of an initializer class. In this tutorial you'll disable that initializer class and `enable

Migrations. Then you'll update the Seed method in the Migrations configuration class so that it

inserts only data that you want to be inserted in production.

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