Apache Solr 4.4官方指南：深度解析与安装教程

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Apache Solr Reference Guide 4.4 是一份详尽的指南，专为Apache Solr 4.4版本量身打造。该手册由Apache Software Foundation (ASF)发行，遵循Apache License, Version 2.0。这份文档旨在为读者提供对Solr这款开源搜索解决方案的深入理解，特别适合那些希望在实际操作和配置中掌握Solr技术的专业人士。 Solr是一款强大的全文搜索引擎，它建立在Lucene库之上，为网站和应用程序提供高效的搜索功能。本指南覆盖了从安装和设置开始，帮助用户逐步了解Solr的基础架构、配置选项以及如何优化搜索性能。通过阅读此指南，读者可以学习到以下关键知识点： 1. **许可协议**：文档明确指出，Solr是根据Apache License 2.0发布的，这意味着它可以在符合许可证条款的情况下自由下载和使用，但需保持版权信息，并且软件在没有明确同意的情况下是“原样”提供的，即不附带任何保证或条件。 2. **主要内容**： - **入门指南**：这部分内容为新手提供了安装和配置Solr的基本步骤，包括如何获取最新版本的Solr，可能涉及下载、环境配置、依赖管理等关键环节。 - **系统架构**：深入解析Solr的核心组件，如Searcher、IndexWriter、Query Parser等，帮助理解索引和查询处理的原理。 - **配置与管理**：涵盖了索引配置文件（如schema.xml）、数据导入（如Data Import Handler）、查询参数调整等内容，以实现定制化的搜索体验。 - **性能优化**：介绍如何调整索引设置、优化查询性能、使用缓存、分布式部署等策略来提高搜索效率。 - **高级特性**：探讨如Cloud Search、Facets、Spell Checking等高级功能的使用方法和实现原理。 3. **资源获取**：指南指明了访问Apache Solr官方网站 <http://lucene.apache.org/solr/> 的路径，那里能找到最新的Solr文档、下载链接以及社区支持。 Apache Solr Reference Guide 4.4 是一个不可或缺的参考资料，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中获得深入理解和实用技巧，以便有效地将Solr融入到项目中，提升搜索服务的质量和性能。

16Apache Solr Reference Guide 4.4

The Main Logging Screen

While this example shows logged messages for only one core, if you have multiple cores in a single instance, they will each be listed, with the

level for each.

Selecting a Logging Level

When you select the link on the left, you see theLevel

hierarchy of classpaths and classnames for your instance. A

row highlighted in yellow indicates that the class has logging

capabilities. Click on a highlighted row, and a menu will

appear to allow you to change the log level for that class.

Characters in boldface indicate that the class will not be

affected by level changes to root.

For an explanation of the various logging levels, see

.Configuring Logging

Cloud Screens

When running in SolrCloud mode, an option will appear in

the Admin UI between Logging and Core Admin for Cloud.

It's not possible at the current time to manage the nodes of

the SolrCloud cluster, but you can view them and open the Solr Admin UI on each node to view the status and statistics for the node and each

core on each node.

Click on the Cloud option in the left-hand navigation, and a small sub-menu appears with options called "Tree", "Graph", "Graph (Radial)" and

"Dump". The default view (which is "Tree") shows a graph of each core and the addresses of each node. This example shows a very simple

two-node cluster with a single core:

20Apache Solr Reference Guide 4.4
Core-Specific Tools
In the left-hand
navigation bar, you will
see a pull-down menu
titled "Core Selector".
Clicking on the menu
will show a list of Solr
cores, with a search
box that can be used
to find a specific core
(handy if you have a
lot of cores). When you
select a core, such as 
 in thecollection1
example, a secondary
menu opens under the
core name with the
administration options
available for that
particular core.
After selecting the
core, the central part of
the screen shows
Statistics and other
information about the
core you chose. You can define a file called   that includes links or other information you would like to display in the "Adminadmin-extra.html
Extra" part of this main screen.
On the left side, under the core name, are links to other screens that display information or provide options for the specific core chosen. The
core-specific options are listed below, with a link to the section of this Guide to find out more:
Analysis - lets you analyze the data found in specific fields.
Config - shows the current configuration of the   file for the core.solrconfig.xml
Dataimport - shows you information about the current status of the Data Import Handler.
Documents - provides a simple form allowing you to execute various Solr indexing commands directly from the browser.
Ping - lets you ping a named core and determine whether the core is active.
Plugins/Stats - shows statistics for plugins and other installed components.
Query - lets you submit a structured query about various elements of a core.
Replication - shows you the current replication status for the core, and lets you enable/disable replication.
Schema - describes the   file for the core.schema.xml
Schema Browser - displays schema data in a browser window.
Analysis Screen
The Analysis screen lets you inspect how data will be handled according to the field, field type and
dynamic rule configurations found in  . You can analyze how content would be handledschema.xml
during indexing or during query processing and view the results separately or at the same time. Ideally,
you would want content to be handled consistently, and this screen allows you to validate the settings
in the field type or field analysis chains.
Enter content in one or both boxes at the top of the screen, and then choose the field or field type
definitions to use for analysis.
The standard output (shown if "Verbose Output" is not checked) will display the step of the analysis and the output based on the current settings.
If you click the   check box, you see more information, including transformations to the input (such as, convert to lower case, stripVerbose Output
extra characters, etc.) and the bytes, type and detailed position information. The information displayed
will vary depending on the settings of the field or field type. Each step of the process is displayed in a
separate section, with an abbreviation for the tokenizer or filter that is applied in that step. Hover or
click on the abbreviation, and you'll see the name and path of the tokenizer or filter.
In the examples on the right (click either screenshot for a larger image), several transformations are
applied to the text string "Running is a sport." We've used the field "text", which has rules that remove
the "is" and "a" and the word "running" has been changed to its basic form, "run". This is because we
have defined the field type,   in this scenario, to remove stop words (small words that usually do not provide a great deal of context) andtext_en
"stem" terms when possible to find more possible matches (this is particularly helpful with plural forms of words). If you click the question mark
next to the   pull-down menu, the Schema Browser window will open, showing you the settings for the fieldAnalyze Fieldname/Field Type
specified.
The section   describes in detail what each option is and how it may transform your data.Understanding Analyzers, Tokenizers, and Filters

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