精通C# 5.0编程指南

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"《程序员指南：C# 5.0 第4版》是Apress出版社在2012年11月7日发行的一本详细介绍C#编程语言的书籍，作者通过472页的内容深入浅出地讲解了C# 5.0的核心概念和技术。本书使用英文撰写，ISBN号分别为143024593X和978-1430245933。" 在《程序员指南：C# 5.0 第4版》中，读者将学习到： 1. 理解C#特性的背后原理：本书旨在帮助读者不仅学会如何使用C#的各种特性，而且要理解这些特性设计的初衷和目的，从而更好地应用在实际项目中。 2. 有效利用C#新特性：C# 5.0引入了一些新的功能，如异步编程支持（Async/Await），这本书会指导读者如何利用这些新特性解决实际的编程问题，提升代码效率。 3. Linq数据库操作优化：Linq（Language Integrated Query）是C#中一个强大的数据查询工具，它使得数据库操作更加简洁、高效。书中会详细解释如何使用Linq来简化数据库代码，提高代码的可读性和可维护性。 4. 异步编程（Async/Await）：异步编程是C# 5.0的一个重要改进，它允许开发者编写非阻塞式的代码，提高了程序的响应性和性能。书中的这部分内容将教你如何利用异步支持来编写更简洁、易于理解和维护的代码。此外，书中还涵盖了广泛的C#主题，包括但不限于： - 第1章：C#与.NET运行时和库：讲解C#与.NET框架的关系，以及如何利用.NET库进行开发。 - 第2章：C#快速入门和开发：为初学者提供C#编程的基础知识，快速上手编程实践。 - 第3章至第18章：逐步深入讲解类、继承、异常处理、访问修饰符、运算符和表达式、数组、属性、泛型类型、接口、版本控制、变量作用域、枚举器等多个核心概念，全面覆盖C# 5.0的关键特性。通过这些章节的学习，无论是初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能从本书中获得宝贵的指导，提升对C# 5.0的理解和应用能力。

Chapter 3

Classes 101

Classes are the heart of any application in an object-oriented language. This chapter is broken into several

sections. The first section describes the parts of C# that will be used often, and the later sections describe things

that won’t be used as often, depending on what kind of code is being written.

A Simple Class

A C# class can be very simple:

class VerySimple

{

int m_simpleValue = 0;

}

class Test

{

public static void Main()

{

VerySimple vs = new VerySimple();

}

This class is a container for a single integer. Because the integer is declared without specifying how accessible it

is, it’s private to the VerySimple class and can’t be referenced outside the class. The private modifier could be

specified to state this explicitly.

The integer m_simpleValue is a member of the class; there can be many different types of members, and a

simple variable that is part of the class is known as a field.

In the Main() function, the system creates an instance of the class and returns a reference to the instance.

A reference is simply a way to refer to an instance.

There is no need to specify when an instance is no longer needed. In the preceding example, as soon as the

Main() function completes, the reference to the instance will no longer exist. If the reference hasn’t been stored

elsewhere, the instance will then be available for reclamation by the garbage collector. The garbage collector will

reclaim the memory that was allocated when necessary.

For those of you used to pointers, a reference is a pointer that you can only assign to and dereference.

The garbage collector used in the .NET Runtime is discussed in Chapter 39. At this point it is reasonable to just assume that it

handles all the memory for you.

CHAPTER 3 ■ CLASSES 101

Console.WriteLine("myPoint.x {0}", myPoint.m_x);

Console.WriteLine("myPoint.y {0}", myPoint.m_y);

}

In this example, there is a class named Point, with two integers in the class named m_x and m_y. These

members are public, which means that their values can be accessed by any code that uses the class.

In addition to the data members, there is a constructor for the class, which is a special function that is called to

help construct an instance of the class. The constructor takes two integer parameters. It is called in the Main() method.

In addition to the Point class, there is a Test class that contains a Main function that is called to start the

program. The Main function creates an instance of the Point class, which will allocate memory for the object and

then call the constructor for the class. The constructor will set the values for m_x and m_y. The remainder of the

lines of Main() print out the values of m_x and m_y.

In this example, the data fields are accessed directly. This is usually a bad idea, because it means that users

of the class depend on the names of fields, which constrains the modifications that can be made later.

In C#, rather than writing a member function to access a private value, a property would be used, which gives the

benefits of a member function while retaining the user model of a field. Chapter 16 discusses properties in more detail.

Member Functions

The constructor in the previous example is an example of a member function; a piece of code that is called on an

instance of the object. Constructors can only be called automatically when an instance of an object is created with new.

Other member functions can be declared as follows:

using System;

class Point

{

public Point(int x, int y)

{

m_x = x;

m_y = y;

}

// accessor functions

public int GetX() {return m_x;}

public int GetY() {return m_y;}

// variables now private

int m_x;

int m_y;

}

class Test

{

public static void Main()

{

Point myPoint = new Point(10, 15);

Console.WriteLine("myPoint.X {0}", myPoint.GetX());

Console.WriteLine("myPoint.Y {0}", myPoint.GetY());

}

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