精通PHP编程：探索现代应用与移动开发

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"Pro PHP Programming 英文原版" 是一本面向高级PHP开发者的指南，涵盖了PHP 5.3以后的新特性和现代Web开发的应用。这本书旨在帮助读者深入理解面向对象的PHP编程，异常处理，以及如何利用PHP在移动编程、社交网络应用、数据库集成、数据过滤与呈现等方面发挥重要作用。书中的章节涵盖了广泛的主题，从基础的面向对象概念开始，引导读者进入PHP的核心应用领域。第1章介绍了对象导向编程，讲解了如何在PHP中实现面向对象的设计模式。第2章涉及异常处理和引用，帮助开发者更有效地处理程序中的错误和异常情况。第3章聚焦移动PHP，讲解如何利用PHP开发基于地理位置的移动应用。第4章讨论社交媒体应用，让读者了解如何利用PHP与各种社交网络API交互。第5章探讨了PHP的最新特性，如闭包和命名空间，使开发者能够利用这些新功能编写更高效、更模块化的代码。第6章关注表单设计与管理，包括用户输入的验证和过滤，确保数据安全。第7-9章详细阐述了数据库集成，不仅涉及关系型数据库，还涵盖了NoSQL数据库的使用。第10章介绍了库和框架的使用，可能包括如何集成和利用现有的PHP库来扩展功能。第11章重点讲解安全性，指导开发者如何防止常见的Web攻击，如SQL注入和跨站脚本攻击。第12章介绍了使用Zend Studio for Eclipse、Bugzilla、Mylyn和Subversion进行敏捷开发的实践方法。第13章涵盖重构、单元测试和持续集成，强调了代码质量保证的重要性。第14章深入XML，讲解如何在PHP中处理XML数据。第15章涉及JSON和Ajax，展示了如何通过这两种技术实现动态网页交互。最后的第16章为结论，总结全书内容，并可能提出未来PHP发展的趋势和建议。此外，书中还包含一个正则表达式附录，为开发者提供处理字符串和数据匹配的工具。索引部分则方便读者快速查找特定主题。"Pro PHP Programming"是一本全面而深入的PHP教程，适合希望提升PHP技能和扩展开发视野的专业人士。

CHAPTER 1 ■ OBJECT ORIENTATION

// be created.

function __construct($ename, $sal = 100) {

$this->ename = $ename;

$this->sal = $sal;

}

function give_raise($amount) {

$this->sal+= $amount;

printf("Employee %s got raise of %d dollars\n", $this->ename, $amount);

printf("New salary is %d dollars\n", $this->sal);

}

function __destruct() {

printf("Good bye, cruel world: EMPLOYEE:%s\n", $this->ename);

}

} // End of class "employee"

class manager extends employee {

protected $dept;

function __construct($ename, $sal, $dept) {

parent::__construct($ename, $sal);

$this->dept = $dept;

}

function give_raise($amount) {

parent::give_raise($amount);

print "This employee is a manager\n";

}

function __destruct() {

printf("Good bye, cruel world: MANAGER:%s\n", $this->ename);

parent::__destruct();

}

} // End of class "manager"

This code is completely equivalent to the original script1.2.php in Listing 1-2, except it is much

easier to read, because the most important part is contained in the file script1.3.php in Listing 1-3. The

other file, ACMEmanager.php, only contains the class declarations. If we’re not really interested in the

internals of the class declarations, we don’t have to read them; we only have to know how the objects of

the declared classes behave. Also, note that the file is named after the first class that is being

instantiated. When that file is loaded, the class employee will also be defined, because the definition of

both classes is in the same file.

The second thing to note is that the class name was prefixed by “ACME.” This is to alert the reader of

the possibility of creating specialized, per-project class libraries. The function __autoload implemented

here uses require_once instead of an include directive. The reason for that is the behavior of PHP, which

will terminate the script if a file requested by the require directive is not available. The execution will

proceed if the file simply included by an include directive is not available. Executing a script that

depends on class definitions without those definitions being available doesn’t make much sense.

Also, class definition files should not have a trailing ?> defined. This is because they can often be

autoloaded or included in a “header” file before the page is assembled, and any extra white space

between the ?> and EOF will be injected into the html output stream of the page at the start. PHP is quite

happy not to have the trailing ?>, omitting it is a best practice. This is probably the single biggest cause of

“output already started” errors when using the header() function to send HTTP headers back to the

browser, and for the unaware it is a death trap.

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CHAPTER 1 ■ OBJECT ORIENTATION

When executed, this script will produce the following result:

No such luck!

Speed limit is set to 65 MPH

The method __isset() was called.

Class member speed_limit is not defined but referencing it did not produce an error because the

__get method was executed when we referenced non-existing member and the __set method was

executed when an assignment was made to a non-existing member. It is a frequent practice to have all

members (or properties) defined in an associative array and refer to them as if they were defined as

separate class properties. That practice makes classes easier to extend.

The __isset Method

In addition to the __get and __set methods, Listing 1-4 also demonstrates the use of the __isset

function, which is used for examining whether a non-existing property, usually defined as an array

element, is set (has a value). Of course, there’s also the __unset function. It is called when unset is called

on a non-existing property. The __isset method is also called when checking whether the variable is

empty by using the empty() function. The empty() function tests whether the argument is set, and

whether its length is greater than 0. It returns true if the argument is not set or if its length is equal to

zero; otherwise, it returns false. In particular, when the argument is set to an empty string, the empty()

function will also return true.

The __call method

Finally, when talking about non-existing members, the __call function gets called when a non-existing

method is called. In my experience, that method is used relatively rarely, but Listing 1-5 is a little

example, just for completeness.

Listing 1-5. The __call Function Is Called When a Non-existing Method Is Called.

<?php

# Demonstrating the use of "__call" method

class test2 {

function __call($name, $argv) {

print "name:$name\n";

foreach ($argv as $a) {

print "\t$a\n";

}

$x = new test2();

$x->non_existing_method(1, 2, 3);

When executed, that script will produce the following result:

name:non_existing_method

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