洛伦兹不变性约束下p↑p→πX中AN现象学研究
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本文探讨了在高能物理领域，特别是在质子散射过程中πX介子产生的洛伦兹不变性关系对Transverse Spin Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (TSPQC)的影响。研究聚焦于非线性效应下的"共线性Twist-3"因子分解，这是理解粒子在碰撞过程中动量转移和自旋相关性质的关键组成部分。
Lorentz不变性原理确保了物理定律在所有惯性参照系中都保持一致，这对于解析像p↑p→πX这样的过程中的动量转移和结构函数具有重要意义。在这个特定的散射过程中，AN是一个重要的动量转移相关的动量空间分布函数，它反映了在非标准轴向动量配置下的粒子自旋相关效应。
文章的作者们利用了最新的Sivers和Collins函数的提取结果，这些函数是TMD（Transverse Momentum Dependent）函数的一部分，它们描述了粒子的动量和自旋之间的关联。通过将这些函数纳入分析，他们能够更精确地计算AN中的某些项，从而对未知的动态Twist-3相关器（这些相关器涉及粒子在三维空间中的动力学行为）的贡献进行了限制。
研究者们在Penn State University Berks、University of California洛杉矶分校以及Los Alamos National Laboratory等机构合作，利用了Jefferson Lab的理论中心资源，进行了一系列深入的理论计算。他们的工作有助于深化我们对高能粒子碰撞过程中非perturbative QCD效应的理解，特别是那些涉及到粒子自旋和动量的复杂相互作用。
总结来说，这篇Open Access的文章提供了一个新的分析框架，通过洛伦兹不变性关系，研究人员得以约束p↑p→πX过程中AN的行为，这不仅推动了对基本粒子相互作用的理论认识，也为实验测量提供了理论指导。这种理论研究对于理解和预测未来实验数据，尤其是在探究强相互作用中的量子色动力学效应方面具有重要意义。
Physics Letters B 770 (2017) 242–251
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Phenomenological constraints on A
N
in p
↑
p →π X from Lorentz
invariance relations
Leonard Gamberg
a
, Zhong-Bo Kang
b,c,d
, Daniel Pitonyak
a,∗
, Alexei Prokudin
a,e
a
Division of Science, Penn State University Berks, Reading, PA 19610, USA
b
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
c
Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
d
Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
e
Theory Center, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
6 February 2017
Received
in revised form 19 April 2017
Accepted
25 April 2017
Available
online 27 April 2017
Editor:
A. Ringwald
Keywords:
Transverse
spin
Perturbative
QCD
Collinear
factorization
JLAB-THY-17-2405
We present a new analysis of A
N
in p
↑
p → π X within the collinear twist-3 factorization formalism.
We incorporate recently derived Lorentz invariance relations into our calculation and focus on input
from the kinematical twist-3 functions, which are weighted integrals of transverse momentum dependent
(TMD) functions. In particular, we use the latest extractions of the Sivers and Collins functions with
TMD evolution to compute certain terms in A
N
. Consequently, we are able to constrain the remaining
contributions from the lesser known dynamical twist-3 correlators.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
1. Introduction
The endeavor to probe the spin structure of the proton through transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs), denoted A
N
, in high-energy
single inclusive lepton–hadron and hadron–hadron scattering processes, i.e., A
↑
+ B → C + X,
1
has received considerable attention from
both the experimental and theoretical communities [1,2]. For the case where the produced particle C’s transverse momentum P
CT
QCD
, TSSAs manifest themselves as sub-leading twist (twist-3) effects calculable within perturbative QCD (pQCD). The computational
techniques and methodology of this collinear twist-3 factorization framework were developed rigorously in Refs. [3–27]. Over the last 40
years, there have been many measurements of large TSSAs [28–44], whose description, therefore, has become a fundamental test of this
pQCD formalism.
Schematically,
one writes the (polarized) differential cross section for A
↑
+ B →C + X as
dσ (S
T
) = H ⊗ f
a/A(3)
⊗ f
b/B(2)
⊗ D
C/c(2)
+ H
⊗ f
a/A(2)
⊗ f
b/B(3)
⊗ D
C/c(2)
+ H
⊗ f
a/A(2)
⊗ f
b/B(2)
⊗ D
C/c(3)
, (1)
where S
T
is the transverse spin vector of hadron A, f
a/A(t)
is the twist-t parton distribution function (PDF) associated with parton a in
hadron A (similarly for f
b/B(t)
), while D
C/c(t)
is the twist-t fragmentation function (FF) associated with hadron C in parton c. The twist-3
correlators can either be of the 2-parton or 3-parton type and are categorized into intrinsic, kinematical, and dynamical functions [1,26].
The intrinsic functions are twist-3 Dirac projections of collinear 2-parton correlators, while the kinematical functions are first transverse
momentum moments of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) 2-parton functions. The dynamical functions are 3-parton correlators.
The factors H , H
, and H
are the hard parts for each term, and the symbol ⊗ denotes convolutions in the appropriate parton momentum
fractions. One then can calculate the TSSA A
N
as
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail
addresses: lpg10@psu.edu (L. Gamberg), zkang@physics.ucla.edu (Z.-B. Kang), dap67@psu.edu (D. Pitonyak), prokudin@jlab.org (A. Prokudin).
1
One could also have C transversely polarized instead of A.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.061
0370-2693/
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.
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