Micro Focus LoadRunner 12.56 & 12.57 教程：脚本录制与场景设计

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"LoadRunner12.56 and 12.57 Tutorial.pdf" 这篇教程是Micro Focus公司的LoadRunner性能测试工具的版本12.56和12.57的详细指南。LoadRunner是一款业界广泛使用的软件测试工具，特别在性能测试领域，它能够模拟大量虚拟用户来检测应用系统的性能瓶颈和稳定性。本教程覆盖了LoadRunner的多个关键功能，包括WebTour的下载安装、脚本录制、脚本增强以及场景设计和分析。 1. **WebTour下载安装**： WebTour是LoadRunner中的一个演示项目，它提供了逐步的教程，帮助初学者快速上手LoadRunner。通过下载和安装WebTour，用户可以实践LoadRunner的基本操作，了解其工作流程。 2. **脚本录制**： LoadRunner支持多种协议的脚本录制，如HTTP/HTTPS、FTP、SQL等。在12.56和12.57版本中，教程会指导用户如何启动录制器，记录用户的网络活动，并将其转化为可执行的脚本。脚本录制是性能测试的关键步骤，它能捕获用户与应用交互的细节。 3. **脚本增强**：录制的脚本可能需要进行优化和增强，以适应不同的测试需求。教程将解释如何添加断言、参数化数据、处理动态内容（如会话ID或验证码）以及错误处理，使脚本更准确地模拟真实用户行为。 4. **场景设计分析**：场景设计是LoadRunner的另一个核心部分，涉及虚拟用户数量的配置、负载模式的设定以及性能指标的监控。教程会详细介绍如何创建和修改测试场景，以及如何分析测试结果，理解系统在压力下的性能表现。 5. **其他功能**： LoadRunner还提供了负载测试、诊断工具、报告生成等功能。这些工具可以帮助测试团队评估系统在高负载下的稳定性、响应时间、资源利用率等关键性能指标。 6. **技术支持和文档更新**：用户可以通过访问http://admhelp.microfocus.com/lr/获取最新的帮助中心在线文档。这个网址提供了详细的技术支持和最新发布的文档，对于解决在使用LoadRunner过程中遇到的问题非常有帮助。 7. **法律条款和免责声明**：文档中包含了Micro Focus的法律条款和免责声明，强调产品和服务的唯一保修在随附的保修声明中，同时指出文档中可能存在技术或编辑错误，且信息可能随时变更。这个教程为LoadRunner的新手和经验丰富的测试人员提供了全面的指导，帮助他们充分利用LoadRunner进行性能测试，确保软件在实际使用中的稳定性和效率。

running. For details, see "Web Tours Sample Application" on page9.

VuGen's floating Recording toolbar opens.

2. Log on to Web Tours.

a. Type in the following information:

- User name: jojo

- Password: bean

b. On the left pane, click Login. Web Tours welcomes you to the application.

3. Enter the flight details.

a. Click Flights. The Find Flight page opens.

b. From Departure City, select Denver (default).

c. Departure Date: Keep the default date.

d. From Arrival City, select Los Angeles.

e. Return Date: Keep the default date.

f. From Seating Preference, select Aisle.

g. Keep the rest of the default settings and click Continue. The Find Flight page opens.

4. Select a flight.

Click Continue to accept the default flight selections. The Payment Details page opens.

5. Enter payment information and book the flight.

a. In the Credit Card box, enter 12345678.

b. In the Exp Date box, enter 06/19.

c. Click Continue. The Invoice page opens, displaying your invoice.

6. In the left pane, click Itinerary. The Itinerary page opens.

7. In the left pane, click Sign Off.

Close the browser, and then click the Stop Recording button on the VuGen floating toolbar to

stop the recording process.

VuGen generates the required code and inserts the code into the Vuser script.

If the Design Studio opens, click Close to close the Design Studio.

9. Save the Vuser script.

a. Select File > Save Script As.

b. Navigate to <LoadRunner root>\tutorial, create a new folder named Scripts, and then navigate

to the new Scripts folder.

LoadRunner Tutorial

Lesson 1: Building a Vuser Script

LoadRunner (12.56 and 12.57) Page 14 of 86

Lesson 2: Preparing Your Script for Replay

After you create a Vuser script, you validate it by running it from VuGen. Sometimes a replay will fail,

even though the same actions succeeded during the recording.

Many applications use dynamic values that change each time you use the application. For example,

some servers assign a unique session ID for every new session. When you try to replay a recorded

session, the application creates a new session ID that differs from the recorded session ID. Dynamic

values, such as these unique session IDs, may pose difficulties when you replay specific types of Vuser

scripts. For example, dynamic session IDs often pose problems when replaying Web-HTTP/HTML

scripts, but not when replaying TruClient scripts.

LoadRunner uses correlations to address the issue of dynamic values. When you correlate a value,

VuGen saves the changing values, in our case the session ID, to a parameter. When running the Vuser

script, the Vuser does not use the recorded value—instead, it uses the new session ID, assigned to it by

the server.

For scripts that contain dynamic parameters, such as session IDs, VuGen automatically prompts you at

the end of the recording to correlate the values. In the previous lesson, we bypassed the correlations, in

order to view the script as is.

In this lesson you will learn how to correlate the dynamic values, and facilitate a successful replay.

How do I correlate my script?

If you try to replay the unmodified Vuser script that you recorded in "Lesson 1: Building a Vuser Script"

on page11, the replay will fail. The new session IDwill not match the recorded ID, and this will cause a

failure.

To overcome this issue, you use VuGen's Design Studio to correlate the session ID. Normally, VuGen

scans the script at the end of the recording session and prompts you with the suggested correlations.

However, you can open the Design Studio at any time to scan the script for correlations. You can also

undo any correlation that you did via the Design Studio.

1. Open the Design Studio.

Click the toolbar's Design Studio button, or select Design > Design Studio.

VuGen scans the script and its associated data, searching for possible dynamic values.

2. Correlate the Session ID.

a. Select the Session ID entry in the Correlation tab, and click Correlate. VuGen changes the status

of the Session ID to Applied, and inserts a new function at the top of the Vuser script. The new

function saves the original session ID to a parameter.

b. Close the Design Studio.

3. Examine the syntax of the correlation statement.

In the VuGen editor, locate the function that VuGen added to the beginning of the script. The new

entry has the following format:

LoadRunner Tutorial

Lesson 2: Preparing Your Script for Replay

LoadRunner (12.56 and 12.57) Page 18 of 86

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