宽视场角视网膜多目标肖克-哈特曼波前传感器设计与性能

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本文主要探讨了一种针对宽视场角（Field of View, FOV）视网膜的多目标Shack-Hartmann波前传感器（Multiple-object Shack–Hartmann Wavefront Sensor, MOSHWFS）的设计与应用。Shack-Hartmann波前传感器是一种广泛用于光学系统中，用于测量和校正光波前畸变的重要工具，尤其在高分辨率视觉应用如眼科的视觉矫正中发挥关键作用。设计的关键在于如何在大面积视场上同时对多个目标进行精确的波前测量。作者提出的新设计旨在解决传统单目标Shack-Hartmann传感器在大FOV情况下可能出现的测量不准确的问题。通过模拟研究，他们发现MOSHWFS能够在6.7°的大视场内实现对多个目标的波前重建，即使在眼睛的最大像差情况下，测量误差也能控制在光波长（λ）的七分之一以下，即小于λ/7。这表明该传感器具有出色的稳定性和精度，对于复杂的视觉场景有显著优势。实验结果进一步验证了这一设计的有效性，当在实际操作中处理两个目标时，测量误差甚至可以达到光波长的一半，即λ/14，这显示了MOSHWFS在宽视场条件下对复杂眼动引起的畸变检测能力的提升。这一设计对于视网膜成像、散光矫正以及可能的应用于虚拟现实或远程手术等领域的光学系统优化具有重要的实践价值。这篇论文不仅提出了一个创新的MOSHWFS设计，还展示了其在眼科适应性光学中的应用潜力。它对于提高视网膜区域的波前测量精度，尤其是在大视场和多目标情况下，是一个重要的技术突破。随着光学技术的发展，这种传感器可能会在未来的视力矫正和视觉科学研究中发挥越来越重要的作用。

Multiple-object Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor

design for a wide field of view on the retina

Lebao Yang (杨乐宝)

1,2

, Lifa Hu (胡立发)

, Dayu Li (李大禹)

, Zhaoliang Cao (曹召良)

Quanquan Mu (穆全全)

,JiMa(马骥)

1,3

, and Li Xuan (宣丽)

State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China

Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA

*Corresponding author: xuanli1957@sina.com

Received September 7, 2015; accepted October 27, 2015; posted online December 10, 2015

In order to detect the aberration from a wide field of view (FOV) on the retina with adaptive optics, we present a

multiple-object Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (MOSHWFS) design. The simulated results indicate that

the wavefront from our MOSHWFS can be reconstructed for multiple objects, and the measurement error

can be less than λ∕7 with an MOSHWFS with an FOV of 6.7°, for maximum eye aberration. The experimental

result with two objects indicates that the measurement error can be less than λ∕14, with the root mean square of

the reference wavefront as 0.798λ and 0.895λ, respectively.

OCIS codes: 080.1010, 330.7321, 330.4460.

doi: 10.3788/COL201513.120801.

Adaptive optics (AO) originating from astronomical obser-

vation techniques has been widely used in ophthalmology

to obtain retinal images with high resolution

[1–3]

. However,

the imaging field of view (FOV) on the retina is limited by

the isoplanatic angle of the human eye, which leads to a

small FOV ranging from 1.5° to 2.5° at a wavelength of

785 nm

[4]

. However, retina imaging clinic applications

require a larger FOV for a large imaging area.

Several designs were reported to obtain a large FOV

[5–7]

All of the reported Shack–Hartma nn wavefront sensor

(SHWFS) for large FOVs have several microlens arrays

and/or CCDs, which makes the whole system expensive,

complex, and have a large volume. To solve the problem,

we present a design of a multiple-object SHWFS

(MOSHWFS). It has a large FOV and simple structure like

a traditional SHWFS with a large dynamic range and high

precision. In addition, our method is cost effective and com-

pact, even compared with scanning laser ophthalmology

(SLO)

[8,9]

The presented MOSHWFS includes only one microlens

array and a CCD, which is as simple as a single-object

SHWFS. The schematic structure of the proposed

MOSHWFS is shown in Fig.

1(a). Light from five objects

on the retina with different fields goes through the optical

relay lenses and reaches the CCD. Simulating the process

with Zemax software, we get the light spots array shown in

Fig.

1(b).

The FOV of 6.7° is designed for the MOSHWFS, which is

large enough for clinic applications. The specific parame-

ters of five objects on the retina and their images are shown

in Fig.

2. As the isoplanatic angle of the human eye is varied

among objects in the range from 1.5° to 2.5°, we select the

isoplanatic angle as 1.5° to accommodate most people’s

eyes. However, the angle between the peripheral objects

and the central object is 3.1°, which is larger than the iso-

planatic angle. A simple eye model is shown in Fig.

2(b).

The spots on the CCD are shown in F ig.

2(c) and the detail

in one subaperture is shown in Fig.

2(d).

Although we have a large FOV, it is most important to

obtain a high precision and large dynamic range of the

MOSHWFS for high-resolution imaging. So, it is neces-

sary to avoid the cross talking of light spots by selecting

reasonable number of CCD pixels in one subaperture and

the magnification of the optic system.

The dynamic range (θ

max

) derived from Fig. 2(d) can be

written as

max

ΔS

max

; (1)

where f is the focal length of the microlens. For conven-

ience, we define ΔS

max

as the size of several pixels; that is,

ΔS

max

¼ M  S

pixel

, M is the number of pixels, and S

pixel

the pixel size. In theory, increasing the size of the micro-

lens or decreasing the focal length can increase the

dynamic range.

Fig. 1. (a) Layout of the SHWFS and (b) the image spots on the

CCD in the SHWFS. L1 and L2 are used to accommodate to the

pupil of the eye and the diameter of the SHWFS. The square

indicates the subarea of the SHWFS. The five spots in every sub-

area are the images of five objects in the retina, respectively.

COL 13(12), 120801(2015) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS December 10, 2015

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