使用Ubuntu进行x86-64汇编语言编程实战指南

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"《x86-64 Assembly Language Programming with Ubuntu》是由Ed Jorgensen博士编写的电子书，旨在为大学级别的汇编语言和系统编程课程提供参考。该书专注于使用Ubuntu 64位操作系统进行x86-64架构处理器的指令集编程。虽然书中提供的代码和示例主要在Ubuntu 14/16/18 LTS版本上测试，但它们理论上可以在任何基于Linux的64位操作系统下运行。" 本书的内容覆盖了x86-64汇编语言的基础知识和实践应用，适合对底层计算机系统有深入理解需求的读者。作者强调了学习汇编语言的重要性，指出它能够帮助理解计算机系统的内部工作原理，提升软件性能优化的能力，并为系统级编程和低级别调试提供基础。书中的章节包括但不限于以下主题： 1.0 引言：介绍本书的目标读者和预期的先修知识，以及为何要学习x86-64汇编语言。 1.1 先决条件：可能需要的基本计算机科学知识，如计算机体系结构和操作系统概念。 1.2 什么是汇编语言：解释汇编语言与机器语言、高级语言之间的关系，以及它的特点和用途。 1.3 为什么学习汇编语言：详细阐述学习汇编语言的好处，包括更深入地理解硬件和软件交互，以及在特定场合下实现高效代码的能力。 1.3.1 可能会继续讨论学习汇编语言对于系统编程、逆向工程或嵌入式开发等领域的价值。通过这本书，读者将有机会学习如何在Ubuntu环境下编写、编译和调试汇编程序，了解x86-64指令集，掌握基本的数据类型、运算符、控制流程以及内存管理。此外，书中还可能包含实际的代码示例和练习，以帮助读者巩固所学知识并提升技能。学习本书不仅有助于理解计算机系统的底层运作，还可以为那些希望进一步探索操作系统、硬件交互或者需要编写高效代码的开发者提供宝贵的学习资源。无论是计算机科学的学生还是专业的软件工程师，都能从中受益。

Chapter 1.0 ◄ Introduction

1.2 What is Assembly Language

The typical question asked by students is 'why learn assembly?'. Before addressing that

question, let's clarify what exactly assembly language is.

Assembly language is machine specific. For example, code written for an x86-64

processor will not run on a different processor such as a RISC processor (popular in

tablets and smart-phones).

Assembly language is a “low-level” language and provides the basic instructional

interface to the computer processor. Assembly language is as close to the processor as

you can get as a programmer. Programs written in a high-level language are translated

into assembly language in order for the processor to execute the program. The high-

level language is an abstraction between the language and the actual processor

instructions. As such, the idea that “assembly is dead” is nonsense.

Assembly language gives you direct control of the system's resources. This involves

setting processor registers, accessing memory locations, and interfacing with other

hardware elements. This requires a significantly deeper understanding of exactly how

the processor and memory work.

1.3 Why Learn Assembly Language

The goal of this text is to provide a comprehensive introduction to programming in

assembly language. The reasons for learning assembly language are more about

understanding how a computer works instead of developing large programs. Since

assembly language is machine specific, the lack of portability is very limiting for

programming projects.

The process of actually learning assembly language involves writing non-trivial

programs to perform specific low-level actions including arithmetic operations, function

calls, using stack-dynamic local variables, and operating system interaction for activities

such as input/output. Just looking at small assembly language programs will not be

enough.

In the long run, learning the underlying principles, including assembly language, is what

makes the difference between a coding technician unable to cope with changing

languages and a computer scientist who is able to adapt to the ever-changing

technologies.

The following sections provide some detail on the various, more specific reasons for

learning assembly language.

Page 2

Chapter 1.0 ◄ Introduction

1.3.1 Gain a Better Understanding of Architecture Issues

Learning and spending some time working at the assembly language level provides a

richer understanding of the underlying computer architecture. This includes the basic

instruction set, processor registers, memory addressing, hardware interfacing, and

Input/Output. Since ultimately all programs execute at this level, knowing the

capabilities of assembly language provides useful insights into what is possible, what is

easy, and what might be more difficult or slower.

1.3.2 Understanding the Tool Chain

The tool chain is the name for the process of taking code written by a human and

converting it into something that the computer can directly execute. This includes the

compiler, or assembler in our case, the linker, the loader, and the debugger. In reference

to compiling, beginning programmers are told “just do this” with little explanation of the

complexity involved in the process. Working at the low-level can help provide the basis

for understanding and appreciating the details of the tool chain.

1.3.3 Improve Algorithm Development Skills

Working with assembly language and writing low-level programs helps programmers

improve algorithm development skills by practicing with a language that requires more

thought and more attention to detail. In the highly unlikely event that a program does

not work the first time, debugging assembly language also provides practice debugging

and requires a more nuanced approach since just adding a bunch of output statements is

more difficult at the assembly language level. This typically involves a more

comprehensive use of a debugger which is a useful skill for any programmer.

1.3.4 Improve Understanding of Functions/Procedures

Working with assembly language provides a greatly improved understanding of how

function/procedure calls work. This includes the contents and structure of the function

call frame, also referred to as the activation record. Depending on the specific instance,

the activation record might include stack-based arguments, preserved registers, and/or

stack dynamic local variables. There are some significant implementation and security

implications regarding stack dynamic local variables that are best understood working at

a low-level. Due to the security implications, it would be appropriate to remind readers

to always use their powers for good. Additionally, use of the stack and the associated

call frame is the basis for recursion and understanding the fairly straightforward

implementation of recursive functions.

Page 3

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汪宁宇

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