单标量暗物质：希格斯门户的重启与新扩展
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更新于2024-07-16
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"Reopening the Higgs Portal for Single Scalar Dark Matter"
这篇学术文章探讨了单重态标量暗物质模型，该模型通过希格斯玻色子与标准模型相互作用。希格斯门户是一种理论框架，允许暗物质与普通物质之间存在微弱的相互作用，这种交互主要通过希格斯玻色子作为媒介进行。然而，随着实验技术的进步，特别是直接和间接暗物质探测实验，以及大型强子对撞机（LHC）的观测结果，单重态标量暗物质模型的参数空间已被大量排除。
文章提出了一种最小的、可重整化的理论扩展，以应对当前的实验限制。这一扩展包括在暗物质领域引入一个额外的实数单重态标量场。通过分析这个扩展模型，作者发现新的湮灭和/或共湮灭通道可以解释正确的暗物质剩余密度，同时避开对于质量大于50 GeV的暗物质粒子的直接和间接探测限制。
文章进一步指出，在特定的参数空间区域，额外的粒子可以被整合出去，形成一个"智能"的有效理论。这个理论仅涉及暗物质粒子和希格斯粒子，其基本行为与原始的单重态标量模型相符。这样的简化使得理论更易于处理，并可能帮助解释尚未被现有实验排除的区域。
JHEP05(2017)036是文章的引用格式，表明它发表于2017年5月的《欧洲核子研究组织的高能物理杂志》(Journal of High Energy Physics)。该研究由SISSA（国际高等研究院）授权，由Springer出版，反映了粒子物理学和暗物质领域的最新研究动态。
这篇论文提供了一种创新的方法来重新考虑希格斯门户中的单重态标量暗物质模型，通过理论扩展和新的湮灭机制，以应对实验挑战并保持模型的可行性。这对于理解宇宙中的暗物质成分及其与标准模型粒子的相互作用具有重要意义。
JHEP05(2017)036
direct detection predictions, the model has to be extended. For example, the mediator
(Higgs) sector can be enlarged with new scalars [
69–71]. Non-linear Higgs portals [72] and
high-dimensional operators in models with composite Higgs [
73] have been considered as
well. One can also extend the dark sector to incl ude new parti c l e s charged under the SM
gauge group, such as a doublet, a triplet, or a top-partner (see , e.g., [
74–77]), or even
consider multicomponent dark matte r scenarios [
71, 78–81]. More complex scenarios have
also been analysed, where both the dark matter and mediator sectors are enlarged [
82], for
example, adding new portals related to neutrino physics [
83–86]. There i s also the possi-
bility that the dark matter is a singlet-fermion, in which case the Higgs-portal int er ac ti on s
occur at the non-renormalizable le vel. Finally, one can consider changing the natur e of the
DM candidate, see for example refs. [
87, 88].
The goal of thi s paper is to consider and examine the mos t economical modific at i on
of the convent i onal SHP model that could e sc ape the present and future searches, thus
offering a viable (slightly modified) Higgs-port al sc enar i o if a positive detection does not
occur. The model consists of the addi ti on of a second singlet scalar i n the dark sector,
which opens up new anni h i l ati on and coannihilation channels (previous work in thi s line
has been c ar ri e d out in ref. [
89]). We should stress that our solution is not unique: for
example, this model has a simplicity simi l ar to the secluded-dark-matter scenario [
90], but
it works in a different way.
The article is organised as fol l ows. The model is introduced in section
2, where we
explain how the cor r ec t relic abundance can be achieved for large regions of the parameter
space. In section
2.2, we describe the various experimental constraints to which the model
is subject, and explain the way we have evaluated the m. They include bounds from direct
and indirect DM detection, the lifetime of the extra particle and the invisibl e decay of the
Higgs boson. In section
3 we perform a scan in the parameter space, explicitly showing that
our model is viable for any DM mass above 50 GeV, thereby reop e ni ng the Higgs portal for
scalar DM. In section
4 we discuss the interpre tat i on of this model in terms of an Effective
Field Theory. Finally, the conclusions of our study are presented in section
5. The appendix
is devoted to the calculation of the relevant radiative corrections for DM processes.
2 The extended singlet -scal ar Higgs portal (ESHP)
The modification of the conventional SHP model that we consider consists simply of ex-
tending the DM sector with the addition of a second scal ar . Denoting S
1
, S
2
the two scalar
particles, and imposing a global Z
2
symmetry (S
1
→ −S
1
, S
2
→ −S
2
) in order to guarantee
the stability of the lightest one, the most general renormalizable Lagrangian reads
L
ESHP
= L
SM
+
1
2
X
i=1,2
(∂
µ
S
i
)
2
− m
2
i
S
2
i
−
1
12
λ
i4
S
4
i
−
1
6
λ
13
S
1
S
3
2
−
1
6
λ
31
S
3
1
S
2
−
1
4
λ
22
S
2
1
S
2
2
−
1
2
λ
1
S
2
1
|H|
2
−
1
2
λ
2
S
2
2
|H|
2
− λ
12
S
1
S
2
|H|
2
−
v
2
2
, (2.1)
where the subscript ESHP stands for “extended singlet-scalar Higgs portal”. The terms in
the second line describe the DM/SM interactions, which occur through the Higgs sector.
– 4 –
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