C++网络编程：基于ACE框架的高性能网络应用开发

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C++网络编程 C++网络编程是指使用C++语言进行网络编程的过程。C++语言是当前最流行的编程语言之一，具有高效、灵活、可移植性强等特点，使其在网络编程中得到了广泛应用。在网络编程中，C++语言可以用于开发各种网络应用程序，例如网络游戏、网络聊天室、网页服务器、数据库服务器等。C++语言提供了丰富的标准库和扩展库，例如STL、Boost等，使得开发者可以快速、高效地开发网络应用程序。 C++网络编程的优点包括： 1. 高效性：C++语言可以生成高效的机器代码，从而提高网络应用程序的性能。 2. 灵活性：C++语言提供了丰富的语法和库函数，使得开发者可以轻松地开发出复杂的网络应用程序。 3. 可移植性强：C++语言可以在多种操作系统上运行，从而使得开发者可以轻松地将网络应用程序移植到不同的平台上。 C++网络编程的常用技术包括： 1. 套接字编程：使用C++语言开发套接字程序，实现网络通信。 2. 网络协议编程：使用C++语言开发网络协议，例如HTTP、FTP、SMTP等。 3. 网络应用程序开发：使用C++语言开发网络应用程序，例如网络游戏、网络聊天室等。 ACE（ADAPTIVE Communication Environment）是一个开源的工具包，用于构建高性能的网络应用程序。ACE提供了一个灵活的框架，允许开发者使用C++语言快速开发网络应用程序。ACE的优点包括： 1. 高性能：ACE可以生成高性能的网络应用程序。 2. 灵活性：ACE提供了一个灵活的框架，允许开发者快速开发网络应用程序。 3. 可扩展性：ACE可以轻松地扩展到不同的网络应用程序中。本书《C++ Network Programming, Volume 2》是 ACE框架的实践指南，提供了 ACE框架的详细介绍和使用规则。该书涵盖了ACE框架的概念、模式和使用规则，旨在帮助开发者快速掌握ACE框架的使用。 C++网络编程是当前网络编程的热门技术之一，具有高效性、灵活性和可移植性强等优点。ACE框架是C++网络编程中的一个重要工具，提供了一个灵活的框架，允许开发者快速开发网络应用程序。

Structure and Content

Our C++NPv1 book addressed how to master certain complexities of developing networked applications, focusing

on the use of ACE's wrapper facades to avoid problems with operating system APIs written in C. This book (which

we call C++NPv2) elevates our focus to motivate and demystify the patterns, design techniques, and C++ features

associated with developing and using the ACE frameworks. These frameworks help reduce the cost and improve the

quality of networked applications by reifying proven software designs and patterns into frameworks that can be

reused systematically across projects and enterprises. The ACE frameworks expand reuse technology far beyond

what can be achieved by reusing individual classes or even class libraries.

This book presents numerous C++ applications to reinforce the design discussions by showing concrete examples of

how to use the ACE frameworks. These examples provide step-by-step guidance that can help you apply key

object-oriented techniques and patterns to your own networked applications. The book also shows how to enhance

your design skills, focusing on the key concepts and principles that shape the design of successful object-oriented

frameworks for networked applications and middleware.

The chapters in the book are organized as follows:

•

• Chapter 1 introduces the concept of an object-oriented framework and shows how frameworks differ from

other reuse techniques, such as class libraries, components, patterns, and model-integrated computing. We

then outline the frameworks in the ACE toolkit that are covered in subsequent chapters.

•

• Chapter 2 completes the domain analysis begun in C++NPv1, which covered the communication protocols

and mechanisms, and the concurrency architectures used by networked applications. The focus in this book

is on the service and configuration design dimensions that address key networked application properties,

such as duration and structure, how networked services are identified, and the time at which they are bound

together to form complete applications.

•

• Chapter 3 describes the design and use of the ACE Reactor framework, which implements the Reactor

pattern [POSA2] to allow event-driven applications to demultiplex and dispatch service requests that are

delivered to an application from one or more clients.

•

• Chapter 4 then describes the design and use of the most common implementations of the ACE_Reactor

interface, which support a wide range of OS event demultiplexing mechanisms, including select(),

WaitForMultipleObjects(), XtAppMainLoop(), and /dev/poll.

•

• Chapter 5 describes the design and use of the ACE Service Configurator framework. This framework

implements the Component Configurator pattern [POSA2] to allow an application to link/unlink its

component service implementations at run time without having to modify, recompile, or relink the application

statically.

•

• Chapter 6 describes the design and effective use of the ACE Task framework. This framework can be used

to implement key concurrency patterns, such as Active Object and Half-Sync/Half-Async [POSA2].

•

• Chapter 7 describes the design and effective use of the ACE Acceptor-Connector framework. This

framework implements the Acceptor-Connector pattern [POSA2] to decouple the connection and

initialization of cooperating peer services in a networked system from the processing they perform once

connected and initialized.

•

• Chapter 8 describes the design and use of the ACE Proactor framework. This framework implements the

Proactor and Acceptor-Connector patterns [POSA2] to allow event-driven applications to efficiently

demultiplex and dispatch service requests triggered by the completion of asynchronously initiated operations.

•

• Chapter 9 describes the design and use of the ACE Streams framework. This framework implements the

Pipes and Filters pattern [POSA1] to provide a structure for systems that process streams of data.

•

• The book concludes with a glossary of technical terms, a list of references for further study, and a general

subject index.

•

The chapters are organized to build upon each other and to minimize forward references. We therefore recommend

that you read the chapters in order.

Although this book illustrates the key capabilities of ACE's most important frameworks, we don't cover all uses and

methods of those frameworks. For additional coverage of ACE, we refer you to The ACE Programmer's Guide [HJS

] and the online ACE reference documentation, generated by Doxygen [Dim01]. ACE's reference documentation is

available at http://ace.ece.uci.edu/Doxygen/ and http://www.riverace.com/docs/.

This document is created with the unregistered version of CHM2PDF Pilot

Acknowledgments

Champion reviewing honors go to Alain Decamps, Don Hinton, Alexander Maack, Chris Uzdavinis, and Johnny

Willemsen, who reviewed the book multiple times and provided extensive, detailed comments that improved its form

and content substantially. Many thanks also to the official reviewers, Timothy Culp, Dennis Mancl, Phil Mesnier, and

Jason Pasion, who read the entire book and gave us many helpful comments. Many other ACE users provided

feedback on this book, including Marc M. Adkins, Tomer Amiaz, Vi Thuan Banh, Kevin Bailey, Stephane Bastien,

John Dilley, Eric Eide, Andrew Finnell, Dave Findlay, Jody Hagins, Jon Harnish, Jim Havlicek, Martin J3ohnson,

Christopher Kohlhoff, Alex Libman, Harald Mitterhofer, Llori Patterson, Nick Pratt, Dieter Quehl, Tim Rozmajzl,

Irma Rastegayeva, Eamonn Saunders, Harvinder Sawhney, Christian Schuhegger, Michael Searles, Kalvinder Singh,

Henny Sipma, Stephen Sturtevant, Leo Stutzmann, Tommy Svensson, Bruce Trask, Dominic Williams, and Vadim

Zaliva.

We are deeply indebted to all the members, past and present, of the DOC groups at Washington University in St.

Louis and the University of California, Irvine, as well as the team members at Riverace Corporation and Object

Computing Inc., who developed, refined, and optimized many of the ACE capabilities presented in this book. This

group includes Everett Anderson, Alex Arulanthu, Shawn Atkins, John Aughey, Luther Baker, Jaiganesh

Balasubramanian, Darrell Brunsch, Don Busch, Chris Cleeland, Angelo Corsaro, Chad Elliot, Sergio Flores-Gaitan,

Chris Gill, Pradeep Gore, Andy Gokhale, Priyanka Gontla, Myrna Harbibson, Tim Harrison, Shawn Hannan, John

Heitmann, Joe Hoffert, James Hu, Frank Hunleth, Prashant Jain, Vishal Kachroo, Ray Klefstad, Kitty Krishnakumar,

Yamuna Krishnamurthy, Michael Kircher, Fred Kuhns, David Levine, Chanaka Liyanaarachchi, Michael Moran,

Ebrahim Moshiri, Sumedh Mungee, Bala Natarajan, Ossama Othman, Jeff Parsons, Kirthika Parameswaran, Krish

Pathayapura, Irfan Pyarali, Sumita Rao, Carlos O'Ryan, Rich Siebel, Malcolm Spence, Marina Spivak, Naga

Surendran, Steve Totten, Bruce Trask, Nanbor Wang, and Seth Widoff.

We also want to thank the thousands of C++ developers from over 50 countries who've contributed to ACE for

over a decade. ACE's excellence and success is a testament to the skills and generosity of many talented developers

and the forward-looking companies that had the vision to contribute their work to ACE's open-source code base.

Without their support, constant feedback, and encouragement, we would never have written this book. In recognition

of the efforts of the ACE open-source community, we maintain a list of all contributors at

http://ace.ece.uci.edu/ACE-members.html.

We are also grateful for the support from colleagues and sponsors of our research on patterns and development of

the ACE toolkit, notably the contributions of Ron Akers (Motorola), Steve Bachinsky (SAIC), John Bay (DARPA),

Detlef Becker (Siemens), Frank Buschmann (Siemens), Dave Busigo (DARPA), John Buttitto (Sun), Becky Callison

(Boeing), Wei Chiang (Nokia Inc.), Joe Cross (Lockheed Martin), Lou DiPalma (Raytheon), Bryan Doerr (Savvis),

Karlheinz Dorn (Siemens), Scott Ellard (Madison), Matt Emerson (Escient Convergence Group, Inc.), Sylvester

Fernandez (Lockheed Martin), Nikki Ford (DARPA), Andreas Geisler (Siemens), Helen Gill (NSF), Inc.), Jody

Hagins (ATD), Andy Harvey (Cisco), Sue Kelly (Sandia National Labs), Gary Koob (DARPA), Petri Koskelainen

(Nokia Inc.), Sean Landis (Motorola), Patrick Lardieri (Lockheed Martin), Doug Lea (SUNY Oswego), Joe Loyall

(BBN), Kent Madsen (EO Thorpe), Ed Margand (DARPA), Mike Masters (NSWC), Major Ed Mays (U.S.

Marine Corps), John Mellby (Raytheon), Jeanette Milos (DARPA), Stan Moyer (Telcordia), Ivan Murphy

(Siemens), Russ Noseworthy (Object Sciences), Adam Porter (U. of Maryland), Dieter Quehl (Siemens), Vijay

Raghavan (Vanderbilt U.), Lucie Robillard (U.S. Air Force), Craig Rodrigues (BBN), Rick Schantz (BBN),

Andreas Schulke (Siemens), Steve Shaffer (Kodak), Tom Shields (Raytheon), Dave Sharp (Boeing), Naval Sodha

(Ericsson), Paul Stephenson (Ericsson), Tatsuya Suda (UCI), Umar Syyid (Storetrax, Inc.), Janos Sztipanovits

(Vanderbilt U.), Gautam Thaker (Lockheed Martin), Lothar Werzinger (Krones), and Don Winter (Boeing).

Very special thanks go to Susan Cooper, our copy editor, for enhancing our written material. In addition, we are

grateful for the encouragement and patience of our editor, Debbie Lafferty, our production coordinator, Elizabeth

Ryan, the series editor and inventor of C++, Bjarne Stroustrup, and everyone else at Addison-Wesley who made it

possible to publish this book.

Finally, we would also like to acknowledge our gratitude and indebtedness to the late W. Richard Stevens, the father

of network programming literature. The following poem by Samuel Butler sums up our view of Richard's enduring

influence:

Not on sad Stygian shore, nor in clear sheen

Of far Elysian plain, shall we meet those

Among the dead whose pupils we have been . . .

Yet meet we shall, and part, and meet again,

Where dead men meet, on lips of living men.

Steve's Acknowledgments

Wow. . . C++NPv1 took almost 3 years to complete?his volume took roughly nine months. Thank you to my wife

Jane who cheerfully endured this process. Your persistent exhortation to keep life in balance and "be the tortoise"

really helped me stay the course, and without your infinite patience through many long days and nights, I would not

have completed this?hank you! Thanks to Doug Schmidt for getting the bulk of this book down and organized in

world-class time amidst a full-time job and his usual, amazing amount of work on ACE. Finally, thank you to

Riverace's customers who supported this work so enthusiastically. It's a privilege to serve you.

Doug's Acknowledgments

I'd like to thank my wife Sonja and my parents for their love and support during the writing of this book. Now that

it's done we'll have lots more time to have fun! Thanks also to Steve Huston, who time-shared his overloaded

schedule to wrap up the book. I'd also like to thank my friends and colleagues at the College of William and Mary;

Washington University, St. Louis; University of California, Irvine; Vanderbilt University; DARPA; and Siemens?s

well as the thousands of ACE and TAO developers and users worldwide?ho have greatly enriched my intellectual

and interpersonal life over the past two decades. I look forward to working with all of you in the future.

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