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首页Zemax2010中文操作手册:光学设计入门指南
Zemax2010中文操作手册:光学设计入门指南
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"ZEMAX中文使用手册2010年2月版.pdf"
ZEMAX是一款强大的光学设计软件,广泛应用于照明设计、成像设计和衍射光学设计等领域。这款2010年的中文版操作手册对于初学者来说特别友好,其翻译质量高,便于理解和学习。
第一章绪论主要介绍了手册的结构和目的。手册首先说明了其内容旨在帮助用户了解和掌握ZEMAX的基本用法。"ZEMAX能做什么?"部分详述了软件的功能,包括光学系统的建模、优化和分析等。相反,"ZEMAX不能做什么?"则提醒用户注意软件的局限性,可能不适用于某些复杂的物理现象或非光学问题。此外,手册还提到了学习ZEMAX的途径,强调实践和理解的重要性。
系统要求部分列出了运行ZEMAX所需的硬件和软件配置,包括对多处理器计算机的支持,这对于处理复杂计算任务至关重要。安装过程简述了如何在个人电脑上正确安装ZEMAX软件,同时,密钥政策解释了软件授权和激活的方式。支持的定义和获取技术支持的环节为用户提供了寻求帮助的渠道和故障排除的指南。
第二章用户界面详细介绍了ZEMAX的操作环境。引言部分概述了用户界面的基本构成,包括不同类型的窗口,如主窗口、编辑窗口、图形窗口和文本窗口。这些窗口各有特定的用途,比如主窗口用于全局操作,编辑窗口用于编辑和创建光学元件,而图形窗口则显示模拟结果。此外,手册还教授了如何使用注释功能、移动和缩放工具来更有效地查看和理解设计。文ᴀ窗口操作和对话操作则涉及文本输入和设置,而取消长时间计算的技巧对于防止卡死或等待时间过长非常有用。手册还提供了一个常用快捷键的总结,帮助用户提高工作效率。最后,使用Windows剪贴板的功能让数据在其他应用程序间共享变得更加便捷。
ZEMAX的文件扩展名部分详细列出了软件使用的不同文件类型,这些文件名后缀如.ZMX、.ZOS等,分别代表了ZEMAX的设计文件、光学序列文件等,方便用户管理和识别。
这份2010年版的ZEMAX中文手册是光学设计者和研究人员的重要参考资料,它不仅涵盖了软件的基本操作,还提供了深入学习和应用的路径,使得用户能够高效地利用ZEMAX进行光学系统的设计与分析。
光研科学荣誉出品 www.wavelab-sci.com.cn
16 目录
体探测器物体(Detector Volume object) ................... ..... ..................... 391
有关体探测器像素数目的说明(Comments on Detector Volume pixel numbering)....... ...392
作为探测器的物体(Objects as detectors) ............... ..... ....................... 392
有关普通物体作为探测器的像素数目说明(Comments on general objects as detectors pixel
numbering).......... .......... .......... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ............392
光源(Sources) .................................... ..... ............................... 393
将光源置于物体内部(Placing sources inside objects).............. ..... .............. 393
添加新的光源类型(Adding new source types) .................... ..... ................ 393
所有光源体公用的参数(Parameters common to all source objects) . ..... ............... 394
二极管光源(Source Diode) ................................ ..... .................... 394
DLL 光源(Source DLL).................................... ..... ..................... 396
DLL 光源参数(Source DLL parameters).................... ..... ................. 396
创建新的DLL 光源(Creating a new Source DLL)............ ..... ................... 396
DLL 光源相对强度的注释(Comments on Source DLL relative intensity) .. ..... ...... 396
DLL 光源例子(Sample Source DLLs) ..................... ..... .................... 397
椭圆形光源(Source Ellipse)............................. ..... ...................... 397
EULUMDAT 文件光源(Source EULUMDAT File)............... ..... .................... ..398
灯丝光源(Source Filament) .............................. ..... ..................... 398
文件光源(Source File) .................................... ..... ................... 398
ASCII vs.二元格式文件(ASII vs. binary format files) ........ ..... ............. 399
文件光源物体的内存要求(Memory requirements for source file objects). ..... ...... 399
所选择光线数的限制(Restrictions on the number of rays selected).... ..... ....... 399
二进制文件光源的格式(Binary Source File format)............ ..... ............. 399
ASCII 光源文件格式(ASCII Source File format)................. ..... ............ 400
光源文件中光强的归一化(Intensity normalization in source files). ..... .......... 400
高斯光源(Source Gaussian) ................................. ......... ..... ......... 400
IESNA 文件光源(Source IESNA File) ................... ..... ........................ 401
输入光源(Source Imported) ......................... ..... .......................... 401
物体光源(Source Object) ........................... ..... .......................... 401
点光源(Source Point) ................................ ..... ........................ 402
辐射光源(Source Radial) .......................... ..... ........................... 402
光线光源(Source Ray) .......................... ..... .............................. 402
矩形光源(Source Rectangle) .................... ..... .............................. 403
管状光源(Source Tube) ......................... ..... .............................. 403
双角光源(Source Two Angle) ........................ ..... ........................... 403
柱体光源(Source Volume Cylinder) ................. ..... ............................ 403
椭圆体光源(Source Volume Ellipse) ............... ..... ............................. 404
矩形体光源(Source Volume Rectangle) ............. ..... ............................. 404
物体放置(Object Placement) ........................... ..... ........................... 404
物体坐标系统(The object coordinate system) ....... ..... ............................ 404
参考物体(Reference Objects) ..................... ..... ............................. 405
将物体置于其它物体内部或与其它物体相邻(Placing objects inside of ,adjacent to,or
overlapping other objects) ..................... ..... ..... ....................... 405
胶合距离(Glue distance) ................ ..... ...................................... 405
嵌套物体限制(Nesting Object limits) ......... ..... ................................. 405
嵌套体(Nesting volumes) .......................... ..... ........................... 405
嵌套面(Nesting Surfaces) ............................. ..... ....................... 406
NSC 物体的折射和反射(Refraction and reflection from NSC objects) . ..... ................ 406
没有定义材料(No material defined)........................ ..... ................. ..406
镜面或吸收(MIRROR or ABSORB)............................. ..... ........ ...........407
由玻璃名称定义的材料(Material defined by a glass name)..... ..... ............... ..407
由表格玻璃定义的材料(Material defined by a table glass)...... ..... ......... ..........407
由MIL数定义的材料(Material defined by MIL number)............. ..... ....... ......407
光研科学荣誉出品 www.wavelab-sci.com.cn
目录 17
由玻璃模型定义的材料(Material defined by a glass model)....... ..... ....... ......407
物体材料属性(Object properties by material)...................... ..... ......... ..407
来自NSC 物体的衍射(Diffraction from NSC Objects) ..................... ..... ............ 407
物体特性对话框(The Obeject propeties dialog box) ................. ..... ................ 408
类型标签(Type tab) ............................................. ....... ............ 408
膜层/散射列表(coating/Scattering tab) ........................ ..... .............. 409
散射标签(Scatter To tab)..................................... ..... ............ ..409
面标签(Face tab) .................................... ..... ........................ 410
体散射标签(Bulk Scattering tab) ....................... ..... ....................... 410
渐变折射率标签(GRIN tab) ............................. ..... ....................... 411
衍射标签(Diffraction tab) ............................. ..... ...................... 411
光源标签(Source tab) ...................................... ..... .................. 411
随机vs.索伯采样(Random vs.Sobol sampling) ............ ..... ................... 412
模拟光源阵列(Modeling arrays of sources)............... ..... ............... ..413
定义光源颜色和光谱成分(Defining the color and spectral content of sources)........414
光谱匹配算法( The spectrum fitting algorithm)....... ... ..... ............ .........415
定义一个光谱文件(Defining a spectrum file)........ ........ ..... .............416
光线如何从光谱中选择(How rays are selected from the spectrum)... ..... ........416
绘图标签(Draw tab) .............................................. ..... ............ 416
关于画图分辨率和边界范围的注释(Comments about drawing resolution and bounding
regions) ............................................ ..... ..... ..... ......... 416
用优先考虑物体列表定义路径(Defining paths using the Consider Objects list). ..... ....... 417
定义一个忽略物体列表(Defining an Ignore Objects list) .................. ..... .......... 417
用户定义孔径(User defined apertures) .......................... ..... .................. 418
物体面(Objects faces) ........................................ ..... .................. 418
偏振和薄膜膜层(Polarization and thin film coatings) ........... ......................... 418
在接触表面上膜层(Coating on surfaces in contact) ......... .......................... 418
散射(Scattering) .......................................... ..... ..................... 418
散射分数和散射光线的数目(Fraction to scatter and number of scatter rays)..... ...... 418
散射模型(scatter models) .......................................... ..... .......... 419
双向散射分布函数(Bi-Directional Scatter Distribution Function).... ..... ........ ..420
可用散射模型(Available scatter models)...................... ..... .............. ..420
无散射(No Scattering) ........................................ ..... ............... 420
朗伯型散射(Lambertian Scattering) ............................ ..... ............... 420
高斯型散射(Gaussian scattering) ............................... ..... .............. 420
ABg 散射模型(ABg model scattering).......................... ..... ................. 421
定义ABg 数值(Defining ABg data)............... ..... ........................... 421
用户定义散射(User defined scattering) ............. ..... ........................... 422
在物体上定义用DLL 定义的面散射(Defining an object to use DLL defined surface
scattering)...................................... ... ..... ..... .......... ..... 422
DLL 参数(DLL parameters)...................... ..... ........................... 422
创建新的DLL(Creating a new DLL) ............ ..... ............................. 422
面散射例子:Two Gaussian.DLL(Sample surface scattering: TwoGaussian.DLL) ...... 422
用RI_BSDF 散射DLL模拟测量BSDF数据(Modeling measured BSDF data with the RI_BSDF
scattering DLL)......................... ..... ..... ..... .................. ....423
如何有效模拟散射(How to model scattering efficiently)..... ..... ............. ....423
散射到列表(The Scatter To list)...................... ..... .............. ....423
重要性采样(Importance Sampling)....................... ..... ..... .......... ....423
体散射(Bulk scattering) ..................................... ..... .................... 424
无体散射(No Bulk Scattering)........................... ..... ...................... 424
角散射(Angle scattering) ................................. ..... . .................. 424
DLL 定义的散射(DLL Defined Scattering)..................... .. ..... .............. 425
采样体散射(Sample bulk scattering): Poly_bulk_scat.DLL...... ..... .......... ..425
光研科学荣誉出品 www.wavelab-sci.com.cn
18 目录
采样体散射(Sample bulk scattering): Henyey-Greenstein-bulk.DLL... ..... ..... ..425
DLL定义的体散射来定义物体(Defining an object to use DLL defined bulk scattering)....425
DLL参数(DLL Parameters)..................................... ..... ......... ..425
创建一个新的DLL文件(Creating a new DLL).................. ..... .. .............. ..425
相干长度建模(Coherence length modeling) ............................. ..... ............ 426
定义用于非序列光线追迹的渐变折射率介质(Defining GRIN media for non-sequential ray
tracing)..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....426
定义一个具有渐变折射率材料的物体(Defining an object to be of gradient index material)..
426
关于GRIN 物体最大步长的讨论(Discussion on maximum step size for GRIN objects).. .....426
GRIN DLL 参数(GRIN DLL parameters) .................... ..... ....................... 427
创建一个新的GRIN DLL(Creating a new GRIN DLL) ......... ............................. 427
样例GRIN DLLs(Samples GRIN DLLs) .................. ..... ........................... 427
定义在衍射表面分光的DLL(Defining DLLs for ray splitting at diffractive surfaces )..........428
用衍射DLL 定义物体(Defining an object to use the diffraction DLL) ................... 428
衍射DLL 参数(Diffraction DLL parameters) ......................... ..... ........... 429
创建一个新的衍射DLL(Creating a new Diffraction DLL) ...................... .......... 429
光线分束(Ray splitting) ................................ ..... .......................... 429
光线分束和偏振(Ray splitting and polarization) ........ ..... ....................... 430
综合所有特性(Putting it all together) ...................... ..... ...................... 430
进行蒙特卡罗光线追迹(Performing a Monte Carlo ray trace) ..... ..... .................... 430
光线追迹探测器控制(The Ray Trace/Detector Control) ...... ..... .................... 430
保存光线数据至文件中(Saving ray data to a file)........ ..... ............. ............432
损失的能量(Lost energy) ...................................... ..... ............... 432
光线数据库文件(Ray database(ZRD) files) ..................... ..................... 433
光线数据库查看器(Ray Database Viewer) .......................... ..... .................. 434
探测器查看器(The Detector Viewer) ................................ ..... ............... 436
有关面探测器物体的讨论(Comments regarding Detector Surface objects). ..... .. ..........437
过滤字符串(The filter string) ....................................... ..... ............. 438
样例过滤字符串(Filter string examples) ....................... ...... ............... 441
定义多边形物体(Defining Polygon Objects) ............. ..... ............................ 441
注释符号:! ......................................... ..... ......................... 442
面名称符号:C ....................................... ..... ......................... 442
不可见符号:I ....................................... ..... ......................... 442
顶点符号:V ......................................... ..... ......................... 442
三角形符号:T ...................................... ..... .......................... 442
矩形符号:R ........................................ ..... .......................... 443
多边形物体中的最大三角形............................. ..... ............... ......... 443
POB 文件示例......................................... .. .... ....................... 443
定义STL 物体(Defining STL Objects) ..................... ..... ......................... 444
STL 物体中的最大三角形数(Maximum triangles in STL objects) ...... ..... ............. 444
STL 文件实例(Example STL files) ................................. ..... ............. 444
NSC 编辑工具(NSC 编辑工具) ......................................... ..... ............ 444
复制物体工具(Replicate Object Tool) .......................... ..... ............... 444
创建多边形工具(Create Polygon Object Tool) ................... ..... ............... 445
组合物体工具(Combine Objects Tool) ........................... ..... ............... 445
修改参考物体工具(Modify Reference Objects Tool) .............. ..... ................ 446
从最后一个几何错误创建光源光线工具(Create Source Ray From Last Geometry Error Tool).. 447
插入/删除Z点工具(Insert/Delete Z Point Tools)...... ..... ..... ............. ..........447
面元物体的特殊考虑(Special considerations for faceted objects) .... ..... ............... 447
关于DLL 的注释(Comments about DLLs) ............................ ..... ................. 448
光研科学荣誉出品 www.wavelab-sci.com.cn
目录 19
十三章 解
引言(Introduction) ......................................... ..... ..................... 449
曲率:边缘光线角(Curvature:Marginal Ray angle) ........... ..... ....................... 450
曲率:主光线角(Curvature:Chief ray angle) .................. ........................... 451
曲率:跟随(Pick up) ........................................ ..... ...................... 451
曲率:边缘光线法线(Curvature:Marginal ray normal) ...................................... 451
曲率:主光线法线(Curvature:Chief ray normal) ........................................... 451
曲率:等光程的(Curvature:Aplanatic) ............................. ...................... 451
曲率:器件光焦度(Curvature:Element power) ........................ ..................... 451
曲率:同心面(Curvature:Concentric with surface) ................. ...................... 451
曲率:同心半径(Curvature:Concentric with radius) ................ ...................... 451
曲率:F 数( Curvature:F number) ................................. ....................... 451
曲率:ZPL 宏( Curvature:ZPL Macro) ...................... ..... ......................... 452
厚度:边缘光线高度(Curvature:Marginal ray height) ...................................... 452
厚度:主光线高度(Thickness:Chief ray height) .............. ............................ 452
厚度:边缘厚度(Thickness:Edge thickness) ................. ............................. 452
厚度:跟随(Pick up) ...................................... ..... ........................ 452
厚度:光程差(Thickness:Optical path difference) ........................................ 452
厚度:位置(Thickness:Position) ........................... ..... ....................... 453
厚度:补偿器(Thickness:Compensator) ..................... ..... ........................ 453
厚度:曲率中心(Thickness:Center of curvature) ............ ............................. 453
厚度:光瞳位置(Thickness:Pupil Position)............... ..... .............. ..............453
厚度:ZPL宏( ZPL Macro)........................................... .. ...... ..............453
玻璃:模型(Glass:Model) ................................... ............................ 453
玻璃:跟随(Pick up) ......................................... ..... ..................... 453
玻璃:替代物(Glass:Substitute) ............................. ........................... 453
玻璃:偏移(Glass:Offset) ................................... ........................... 454
半直径:跟随(Semi-Diameter:Pick up) ......................... ..... .................... 454
半直径:最大值(Semi-Diameter:Maximum) ....................... .... ..................... 454
半直径:ZPL宏(ZPL Macro).................................... ..... ....................454
二次曲面系数:跟随(Conic:Pick up) ...................... ............................... 454
二次曲面系数:ZPL宏( ZPL Macro)......................... ..... ...........................454
参数:跟随(Parameter:Pick up) ......................... ................................ 454
参数:主光线(Parameter:Chief ray) ...................... ............................... 455
参数:ZPL 宏( Parameter:ZPL Macro) ................. ..... .............................. 455
TCE:跟随(TCE:Pickup) ................................ ..... ........................... 455
附加数据值:跟随(Extra Data Value:Pickup) ........... ..... ............................ 455
附加数据值:ZPL 宏(Extra Data Value:ZPL Macro) ........ ..... .......................... 455
解限制(Solve restrictions) ........................... ..... ........................... 455
使用ZPL 宏解(Using ZPL Macro solves) .................. ..... ........................... 455
ZPL 宏的重要思考(Important consideration for ZPL Macro solves) .... ..... ........... 456
数据栏序号的编码(Integer codes for column numbers) .............. ..... ................. 456
使用建议(Suggestions for use) .................................. ..... ................. 456
十四章 优化
引言(Introduction) ................................ ..... ............................. 457
选择变量(Selecting variables) ........................... ..... ........................ 457
定义默认的评价函数(Defining the default merit function) ... ............................. 457
选择优化的类型(Selecting the type of optimization) ..... ............................ 457
物理意义上的RMS 评价函数的(Physically significant RMS merit functions). ..... ....... 459
选择瞳面积分方法(Selecting the pupil integration method) ........... ..... .............. 459
光研科学荣誉出品 www.wavelab-sci.com.cn
20 目录
圆环(Rings) ................................................... ..... ............. 460
辐条(Arms) ....................................................... ..... .......... 460
对圆环和辐条的采样考虑(Sampling considerations for Rings and Arms) ... ... .............460
栅格(Grid) .............................................. ..... ................... 460
删除渐晕(Delete Vignetted) ................................ ..... .................. 460
设置边缘厚度值(Setting thickness boundary values) ........ ..... .................... 461
起始点(Start At) ......................................... ..... ................... 461
假设轴对称(Assume Axial Symmetry) .......................... ..... .................. 461
忽略横向色差(Ignore Lateral Color) ......................... ..... .................. 461
相对X 权重(Relative X Weight) .............................. ..... .................. 462
整体权重(Over all Weight) .................................... ..... ................ 462
默认评价函数的缺陷(Pitfalls with the default merit function) ..... ...................... 462
用有分布的光束优化(Pitfalls with the default function) ......... ..... .................. 462
修改评价函数(Modifying the merit function) .................. ........................... 462
HX,Hy,Px 和Py ............................ ..... ................................... 462
目标,值和权重(Targer,Value,and weight) ........ ..... ........................... 462
贡献百分比(Percent Contribution) ................ ..... ............................ 463
操作数的权重小于零(operand weights less than zero) ...... ........................... 463
操作数的权重等于零(Operand weights equal to zero) ......... ......................... 463
操作数的权重大于零(Operand weights greater than zero) .. ............................ 463
评价函数的定义(Merit function definition) ............... ..... ..................... 463
优化操作数(Optimization operands) ....................... ..... ........................ 463
理解边界操作数(Understanding boundary operands) ........ ..... ........................ 498
使用MTF操作数(Using MRF Operands) ........................ ..... ........................ 498
进行优化(Performing and Optimization) ................... ..... ......................... 499
定义复杂的操作数(Defining Complex Operands) ............. ..................... ......... 500
优化玻璃的选择(Optimizing glass selection) ...................... ..... ................ 501
使用模型玻璃(Using model glasses) ......................... ..... ................... 501
使用玻璃替换(Using glass substitution) ..................... ..... .................. 503
优化变焦和多重结构镜头(Optimizing zoom and multi-configuration lenses). ..... .......... 503
优化附加数据(Optimizing extra data) .................................... ..... .......... 503
优化公差敏感度(Optimizing tolerance sensitivity) ................... ..... ............. 503
用序列光线优化非序列组中的物体(Optimizing objects in a non-sequential group with sequential
rays) .................................................. ..... ..... ..... .............. 504
在非序列模式中优化光源和探测器(Optimizing with sources and detectors in non-sequential
mode) ................................................ ..... ..... ..... ..... ........... 504
随机数和NSTR 的注释(Comments about random numbers and NSTR) ... ..... .............. 505
探测器上的像素编号(Pixel numbering for detectors) ............... ..... ............. 505
用IMAE操作数进行优化(Optimizing with the IMAE operand) .................. ............... 505
使用梯度折射率操作数(Using gradient index Operands) ................ ..... .............. 505
DLTN ........................................................... ..... ............. 505
LPTD ........................................................ ..... ................ 506
用户定义的操作数(User defined Operands) ......................... ..... ................. 506
用ZPL 宏优化(Optimizing with ZPL macros) .................... ..... ................. 506
在ZPLM宏中改变镜头数据(Change made to the lens from within the ZPLM macro).....507
ZPLM和默认评价函数(ZPLM and the default merit function)..... .... ...... ...........507
用外部汇编程序优化(optimizing with externally complied programs) .... ............... 508
使用建议(Suggestions for use) .......................................... ..... .......... 510
全局优化(The global optimum) .......................................... ..... ........... 510
十五章 全局优化
引言(Introduction) ......................................... ..... ..... ................ 511
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