C# 3.0设计模式：编程指南

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"C# 3.0 Design Patterns.PDF" C# 3.0设计模式是面向对象编程中的一个重要话题，它涉及到一系列的最佳实践，用于解决常见的软件开发问题。这本书可能涵盖了各种经典的设计模式，如工厂模式、单例模式、观察者模式、装饰器模式、策略模式、命令模式等，这些都是在.NET框架下使用C# 3.0进行高效开发的关键知识。在C# 3.0中，最重要的新特性之一是语言集成查询（LINQ），它引入了新的语法来处理数据源，如数据库、集合、XML文档等。设计模式在与LINQ结合时尤为重要，帮助开发者更好地组织代码，实现可读性、可维护性和可扩展性。例如，使用迭代器模式可以方便地创建自定义数据流，而LINQ的延迟执行特性则与工厂模式相结合，允许在需要时动态生成查询。此外，C# 3.0还引入了匿名方法和lambda表达式，这使得函数式编程风格成为可能，对于处理事件和在策略模式中定义行为非常有用。同时，C# 3.0也加强了对泛型的支持，泛型接口和泛型委托的使用可以配合工厂模式实现更强大的类型安全和代码重用。书中的内容可能还会涵盖WCF（Windows Communication Foundation）和WF（Windows Workflow Foundation），这两个是.NET 3.0框架的重要组成部分，与设计模式的结合可以帮助构建可伸缩的分布式系统和服务。比如，使用代理模式可以隐藏服务的实现细节，而状态机模式则可以用于管理WF的工作流状态。 O'Reilly Media是一家知名的出版机构，提供多种关于.NET技术和C#的资源，包括《C# 3.0 in a Nutshell》、《C# 3.0 Cookbook》、《Head First C#》以及《Head First Design Patterns》等书籍。这些资源提供了深入浅出的教程和实用的代码示例，帮助读者快速掌握C#和设计模式的应用。 .NET Books Resource Center和ON Dotnet.com是学习.NET技术和C#的宝贵平台，提供书籍样本章节、代码示例，以及对.NET和相关技术的独立报道。O'Reilly的会议和Safari Bookshelf在线参考图书馆进一步提供了与业界专家交流的机会和即时访问数千本书籍的便利，是持续学习和提升技能的重要工具。 "C# 3.0 Design Patterns"这本书将帮助开发者理解如何在C# 3.0环境中有效地应用设计模式，从而提高代码质量，优化软件架构，并为未来的维护和扩展打下坚实的基础。

Preface2

Why I Wrote This Book

In 2002, Microsoft Research hosted an international meeting in Cambridge, U.K., to

reveal its Rotor system, which would bring C# and .NET to non-Windows program-

mers. Once back home, writing software, papers, and a book on the topic, I came to

realize that we had witnessed the beginning of a real revolution in programming.

Since the advent of Java in 1996, programming had become platform-independent:

with Java byte-code, programs could run anywhere. This independence, however,

extended only to programs written in the Java language. .NET, on the other hand,

was language-independent: it allowed programs in different languages to interact,

but, up until that day, only on Windows.

In the ensuing five years, new platforms have come to support .NET (Mono, for

example) and new hardware has come to support Intel chips (on which Windows

runs). The result is that .NET now runs almost anywhere. Consequently, expertise in

C# programming is a very transportable skill to acquire. But C# keeps improving as

a language, and we are currently at the beginning of a new leap forward into C# 3.0,

which offers enormous benefits in terms of productivity and ease of programming.

Having already written an introductory C# text in 2003,

I realized that the benefits

of the new features announced now in 2007, four years later, would be felt at a much

more advanced level of software development. I wanted to write a second book that

introduced C# 3.0 to developers who already knew the basic language—but what

would be the formula that could introduce a language and address a reader’s needs

of precision, examples, and a heavy dose of reality?

Enter design patterns. Design patterns encapsulate common, accepted, and proven

ways of using language features together. They form a level of discourse at a higher

plane, and they exercise and promote good programming practices. However, there

is an element of unreality surrounding design patterns, and one gets the impression

* Judith Bishop and Nigel Horspool, C# Concisely (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003).

xvi

Preface

that they are more talked about than used. I wanted to change that and make design

patterns really accessible to ordinary programmers, using the best language for them:

C# 3.0. The result is this book.

Who This Book Is For

If you are a programmer who loves your code, for whom every line has a precise

meaning and every feature has a correct place, this book is for you. It will help you

with your primary job of making your code correct, elegant, extensible, and effi-

cient. If you serve the business ends of your organization by focusing on the quality

of your code, you need a book like C# 3.0 Design Patterns. Knowledge about design

patterns is also a big step forward for those working up from low-level programmers

to software engineers and architects.

Through reading this book, you will acquire skills in:

• Programming design patterns

• Basic UML modeling notation for representing patterns

• Selecting patterns appropriate for given scenarios and comparing alternative

implementations

• Using advanced language features of C# 3.0 to realize patterns efficiently and

elegantly

Although not written as a textbook, C# 3.0 Design Patterns could fit in very well for

a mid-degree course on design patterns or advanced programming.

The diagrams and code for all the patterns and associated examples and case studies

in this book can be found on the book’s web site, http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/

9780596527730.

What You Need to Know

This book is for programmers who know how to program in C# 1.0 or Java 1.4 and

who would like to move on to the more modern features of the latest language. All

the new features of C# 3.0, as well as many novel features from C# 2.0, are intro-

duced by example and summarized in sidebars for easy reference. Thus, the book

serves as a programmers’ guide as well.

The book does not assume any acquaintance with design patterns. It covers the full

set of 23 patterns that were originally proposed in Erich Gamma, Richard Helm,

Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides’s Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-

Oriented Software in 1994 and now form a common introductory base to the pat-

terns that are emerging in many other domains (such as security, concurrency, and

architectural design). At the end of the book, the reader will have a thorough

grounding in design patterns as they are commonly understood.

Preface

xvii

How This Book Is Organized

After the introduction in Chapter 1, the book takes a tour through the 23 core design

patterns. Each chapter discusses two or three patterns, chosen because they have

some common applicability and can be compared at the end of the chapter. The pat-

terns are subdivided into three groups: structural, creational, and behavioral.

We begin with the structural patterns, studying the Decorator, Proxy, and Bridge

patterns in Chapter 2; the Composite and Flyweight patterns in Chapter 3; and the

Adapter and Façade patterns in Chapter 4. We then move on to the creational pat-

terns, exploring the Prototype, Factory Method, and Singleton patterns in Chapter 5

and the Abstract Factory and Builder patterns in Chapter 6. The last four chapters

deal with the largest category, the behavioral patterns: Chapter 7 focuses on the

Strategy, State, and Template Method patterns; Chapter 8 on the Chain of Responsi-

bility and Command patterns; Chapter 9 on the Iterator, Mediator, and Observer

patterns; and Chapter 10 on the Visitor, Interpreter, and Memento patterns.

Our discussion of each pattern will consist of the following parts:

Role

A short, high-level description of the pattern and what it is meant to achieve

Illustration

An example of where the pattern might be used in programming a modern com-

puter system, illustrating a real-world context with a photo or diagram to help

you remember the pattern

Design

An identification of the interconnected players in the pattern and their roles,

explained in a UML diagram, with links back to the key players in the

illustration

Implementation

A stepwise refinement development of a short program that illustrates the pat-

tern using the terms introduced in the “Design” section

Example

A second program that gives an example of the pattern, usually in terms of the

illustrative example, where the programming moves away from a strict adher-

ence to the pattern terms

Use

A discussion of real-world scenarios where the pattern might be used, ending

with a table listing the conditions that would make its use applicable

Exercises

A list of exercises of differing degrees of difficulty designed to enhance your

understanding of the pattern under discussion

xviii

Preface

At the end of each chapter you will find a comparison of the patterns discussed

therein and a discussion of how they fit in with those that have gone before.

The ordering of the patterns has been carefully chosen so as to represent a gradual

progression in C# 3.0 maturity. Implementing the earlier patterns in each section

requires very little that is not available in C# 1.0, while the later patterns are more

sophisticated in their implementation and take advantage of more advanced features

present in C# 3.0. This approach allows new features to be introduced inline, as they

become relevant, rather than all at once at the start or end of the text.

This book is not intended to be a reference guide to the whole of C# or even C# 3.0,

but rather to be a practical guide to using the most interesting features of the lan-

guage. Although the emphasis is on developments in the most recent version, I also

pick out some features of C# 1.0 and 2.0 that I think are really useful but that are

not often employed in code. The list of C# features explicitly covered follows this

Preface.

Special features of this book include:

• Pictorial illustrations of patterns, to help you focus on the meaning of what each

pattern can accomplish in real life

• Quizzes that relate the illustrations to the UML diagrams

• Uncluttered “theory” code that can be adapted to many situations

• Tables that give guidance on when to choose a specific pattern

• Comparison tables for patterns that are similar, showing how they differ

• Lists of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each pattern

• Challenges and exercises to help you take your knowledge further

What You Need to Use This Book

To run the programs in this book, you need:

• A computer that will run Windows XP or Vista. Compatible platforms are any

PC or Intel-based Mac with a virtual machine.

• Microsoft’s .NET Framework 3.5. As of October 2007, this version is still in Beta

2, but it is very stable now. It is available at http://www.microsoft.com/downloads.

• A program editor or programming environment. Visual Studio 2008 is an ideal

companion to C# 3.0 programming, but it is not essential.

• The C# 3.0 reference documentation, available on the Microsoft web site (http://

msdn2.microsoft.com/vcsharp, 529 pages).

All the programs in this book were prepared on an iMac Intel Core 2 Duo running

Mac OS X 10.4 and 5 (Tiger and Leopard) and Windows XP on top of the Parallels

virtual machine. The editor used was SciTE.

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