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计算机图形学几何算法深度解析
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"《计算机图形学几何工具算法详解》是一本深入探讨计算机图形学中几何算法的书籍,由Philip Schneider和David Eberly合作撰写,属于Morgan Kaufmann系列的计算机图形学和几何建模部分。书中包含大量健壮的算法以伪代码形式呈现,覆盖了二维和三维图形编程中的各种问题。每个算法和解决方案都独立成篇,旨在帮助读者理解算法,并提供了必要的数学和几何基础知识,以便将这些算法应用于实际项目。"
在计算机图形学领域,几何工具和算法是构建虚拟世界、游戏引擎、图像渲染、动画以及许多其他应用的基础。本书首先可能会介绍基础的几何概念,如点、线、面以及它们之间的关系。这包括向量代数和矩阵运算,这些都是处理几何数据的核心。
接着,书中的内容可能涉及二维图形处理,如线条绘制算法(Bresenham's Algorithm)、多边形填充算法以及轮廓线生成。在三维方面,可能会讨论点、线和平面在三维空间中的表示,以及三维变换(旋转、平移、缩放)的矩阵表示。
对于三维几何,书中会深入讲解基本的几何体构造,如立方体、球体、圆锥体等的建模方法。此外,还可能涵盖曲线和曲面理论,如贝塞尔曲线和曲面、NURBS(非均匀有理B样条)以及细分表面技术,这些都是创建复杂形状的关键工具。
为了优化图形性能和视觉效果,层次细节(Level of Detail, LOD)技术可能会被提及,它允许根据观察距离动态调整模型的复杂性。此外,书中还可能涉及碰撞检测、光照模型、阴影算法以及纹理映射等重要主题。
非真实感渲染(Non-Photorealistic Rendering, NPR)也是现代计算机图形学的一个分支,它可以模拟手绘或艺术风格的视觉效果,书中可能会有相关的介绍和实现方法。
最后,为了使读者能够将理论知识转化为实践,本书可能包含实例项目和练习,帮助读者掌握将所学应用于实际编程环境的能力。《计算机图形学几何工具算法详解》是一本全面的指南,旨在提升读者在计算机图形学领域的算法理解和应用能力。

Planar Components and Quadric Surfaces 547............................
Plane and General Quadric Surface 547....................................................
Plane and Sphere 548................................................................................
Plane and Cylinder 551..............................................................................
Plane and Cone 563...................................................................................
Triangle and Cone 583...............................................................................
Planar Components and Polynomial Surfaces 587.......................
Hermite Curves 589....................................................................................
Geometry Definitions 590...........................................................................
Computing the Curves 591.........................................................................
The Algorithm 592......................................................................................
Implementation Notes 595..........................................................................
Quadric Surfaces 595....................................................................
General Intersection 596............................................................................
Ellipsoids 604.............................................................................................
Polynomial Surfaces 608...............................................................
Subdivision Methods 608...........................................................................
Lattice Evaluation 609................................................................................
Analytic Methods 610.................................................................................
Marching Methods 610...............................................................................
The Method of Separating Axes 611.............................................
Separation of Stationary Convex Polyhedra 611........................................
Separation of Moving Convex Polyhedra 615............................................
Intersection Set for Stationary Convex Polyhedra 616...............................
Contact Set for Moving Convex Polyhedra 616..........................................
Miscellaneous 624.........................................................................
Oriented Bounding Box and Orthogonal Frustum 624...............................
Linear Component and Axis-Aligned Bounding Box 626............................
Linear Component and Oriented Bounding Box 630..................................
Plane and Axis-Aligned Bounding Box 634................................................
Plane and Oriented Bounding Box 635......................................................
Axis-Aligned Bounding Boxes 637.............................................................
Oriented Bounding Boxes 639....................................................................
Sphere and Axis-Aligned Bounding Box 644..............................................
Cylinders 646..............................................................................................
Linear Component and Torus 659..............................................................
12 Miscellaneous 3D Problems 663.........................................
Projection of a Point onto a Plane 663..........................................
Projection of a Vector onto a Plane 665........................................
Angle between a Line and a Plane 666.........................................
Angle between Two Planes 667....................................................
Plane Normal to a Line and through a Given Point 667................

Plane through Three Points 669....................................................
Angle between Two Lines 670.......................................................
13 Computational Geometry Topics 673.................................
Binary Space-Partitioning Trees in 2D 673....................................
BSP Tree Representation of a Polygon 674...............................................
Minimum Splits versus Balanced Trees 680..............................................
Point in Polygon Using BSP Trees 683......................................................
Partitioning a Line Segment by a BSP Tree 684........................................
Binary Space-Partitioning Trees in 3D 687....................................
BSP Tree Representation of a Polyhedron 688.........................................
Minimum Splits versus Balanced Trees 690..............................................
Point in Polyhedron Using BSP Trees 691.................................................
Partitioning a Line Segment by a BSP Tree 692........................................
Partitioning a Convex Polygon by a BSP Tree 694....................................
Point in Polygon 695......................................................................
Point in Triangle 695...................................................................................
Point in Convex Polygon 697.....................................................................
Point in General Polygon 700.....................................................................
Faster Point in General Polygon 706..........................................................
A Grid Method 707.....................................................................................
Point in Polyhedron 708.................................................................
Point in Tetrahedron 708............................................................................
Point in Convex Polyhedron 709................................................................
Point in General Polyhedron 711................................................................
Boolean Operations on Polygons 714...........................................
The Abstract Operations 715......................................................................
The Two Primitive Operations 717.............................................................
Boolean Operations Using BSP Trees 719................................................
Other Algorithms 724..................................................................................
Boolean Operations on Polyhedra 726..........................................
Abstract Operations 726.............................................................................
Boolean Operations Using BSP Trees 727................................................
Convex Hulls 729...........................................................................
Convex Hulls in 2D 729..............................................................................
Convex Hulls in 3D 744..............................................................................
Convex Hulls in Higher Dimensions 750....................................................
Delaunay Triangulation 756...........................................................
Incremental Construction in 2D 757...........................................................
Incremental Construction in General Dimensions 761...............................
Construction by Convex Hull 766...............................................................
Polygon Partitioning 767................................................................
Visibility Graph of a Simple Polygon 767....................................................

Triangulation 771........................................................................................
Triangulation by Horizontal Decomposition 775.........................................
Convex Partitioning 789.............................................................................
Circumscribed and Inscribed Balls 798.........................................
Circumscribed Ball 799...............................................................................
Inscribed Ball 801.......................................................................................
Minimum Bounds for Point Sets 803.............................................
Minimum-Area Rectangle 803....................................................................
Minimum-Volume Box 806.........................................................................
Minimum-Area Circle 807...........................................................................
Minimum-Volume Sphere 811....................................................................
Miscellaneous 813......................................................................................
Area and Volume Measurements 816...........................................
Area of a 2D Polygon 816..........................................................................
Area of a 3D Polygon 820..........................................................................
Volume of a Polyhedron 824......................................................................
Appendix A Numerical Methods 827.......................................
Solving Linear Systems 827..........................................................
A.1.1 Special Case: Solving a Triangular System 828...............................
A.1.2 Gaussian Elimination 829.................................................................
Systems of Polynomials 832..........................................................
A.2.1 Linear Equations in One Formal Variable 833..................................
A.2.2 Any-Degree Equations in One Formal Variable 835.........................
A.2.3 Any-Degree Equations in Any Formal Variables 837........................
Matrix Decompositions 847...........................................................
A.3.1 Euler Angle Factorization 847...........................................................
A.3.2 QR Decomposition 852.....................................................................
A.3.3 Eigendecomposition 853...................................................................
A.3.4 Polar Decomposition 854..................................................................
A.3.5 Singular Value Decomposition 857...................................................
Representations of 3D Rotations 857............................................
A.4.1 Matrix Representation 857................................................................
A.4.2 Axis-Angle Representation 858.........................................................
A.4.3 Quaternion Representation 860........................................................
A.4.4 Performance Issues 861...................................................................
Root Finding 869...........................................................................
A.5.1 Methods in One Dimension 869........................................................
A.5.2 Methods in Many Dimensions 874....................................................
A.5.3 Stable Solution to Quadratic Equations 875.....................................
Minimization 876............................................................................
A.6.1 Methods in One Dimension 876........................................................
A.6.2 Methods in Many Dimensions 877....................................................
A.6.3 Minimizing a Quadratic Form 880.....................................................

A.6.4 Minimizing a Restricted Quadratic Form 880....................................
Least Squares Fitting 882..............................................................
A.7.1 Linear Fitting of Points 882...............................................................
A.7.2 Linear Fitting of Points Using Orthogonal Regression 882...............
A.7.3 Planar Fitting of Points 884...............................................................
A.7.4 Hyperplanar Fitting of Points Using Orthogonal Regression 884......
A.7.5 Fitting a Circle to 2D Points 886........................................................
A.7.6 Fitting a Sphere to 3D Points 887.....................................................
A.7.7 Fitting a Quadratic Curve to 2D Points 888.......................................
A.7.8 Fitting a Quadric Surface to 3D Points 889.......................................
Subdivision of Curves 889.............................................................
A.8.1 Subdivision by Uniform Sampling 889..............................................
A.8.2 Subdivision by Arc Length 890..........................................................
A.8.3 Subdivision by Midpoint Distance 891..............................................
A.8.4 Subdivision by Variation 892.............................................................
Topics from Calculus 894..............................................................
A.9.1 Level Sets 894..................................................................................
A.9.2 Minima and Maxima of Functions 898..............................................
A.9.3 Lagrange Multipliers 910...................................................................
Appendix B Trigonometry 923.................................................
Introduction 923.............................................................................
B.1.1 Terminology 923...............................................................................
B.1.2 Angles 923........................................................................................
B.1.3 Conversion Examples 925................................................................
Trigonometric Functions 926.........................................................
B.2.1 Definitions in Terms of Exponentials 930..........................................
B.2.2 Domains and Ranges 931.................................................................
B.2.3 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions 931............................................
B.2.4 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions 931......................................
B.2.5 Integration 934..................................................................................
Trigonometric Identities and Laws 934..........................................
B.3.1 Periodicity 935...................................................................................
B.3.2 Laws 936...........................................................................................
B.3.3 Formulas 940....................................................................................
Inverse Trigonometric Functions 945............................................
B.4.1 Defining arcsin and arccos in Terms of arctan 945...........................
B.4.2 Domains and Ranges 945.................................................................
B.4.3 Graphs 946.......................................................................................
B.4.4 Derivatives 946.................................................................................
B.4.5 Integration 948..................................................................................
Further Reading 948......................................................................

Appendix C Basic Formulas for Geometric Primitives 949...
Introduction 949.............................................................................
Triangles 949.................................................................................
C.2.1 Symbols 949.....................................................................................
C.2.2 Definitions 950..................................................................................
C.2.3 Right Triangles 952...........................................................................
C.2.4 Equilateral Triangle 953....................................................................
C.2.5 General Triangle 953........................................................................
Quadrilaterals 954.........................................................................
C.3.1 Square 954.......................................................................................
C.3.2 Rectangle 954...................................................................................
C.3.3 Parallelogram 954.............................................................................
C.3.4 Rhombus 955....................................................................................
C.3.5 Trapezoid 955...................................................................................
C.3.6 General Quadrilateral 955.................................................................
Circles 956.....................................................................................
C.4.1 Symbols 956.....................................................................................
C.4.2 Full Circle 956...................................................................................
C.4.3 Sector of a Circle 956.......................................................................
C.4.4 Segment of a Circle 957...................................................................
Polyhedra 957................................................................................
C.5.1 Symbols 957.....................................................................................
C.5.2 Box 957.............................................................................................
C.5.3 Prism 958..........................................................................................
C.5.4 Pyramid 958......................................................................................
Cylinder 958...................................................................................
Cone 959.......................................................................................
Spheres 959..................................................................................
C.8.1 Segments 959...................................................................................
C.8.2 Sector 960.........................................................................................
Torus 960.......................................................................................
Index 960....................................................................................
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