iOS开发入门指南：从iPhone4到iPad - CSDN文库

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"这是一本英文原版的‘iPhone4开发基础教程’，专注于介绍如何为iPhone、iPad和iPod touch创建应用。尽管不是最新版本，但与最新版的差距很小，且以文字形式呈现。本书适合初学者，由Dave Mark、Jack Nutting和Jeff LaMarche合著，涵盖了使用iOS SDK进行iPad和iPod touch应用开发的内容。" 本书旨在为读者提供一个全面的入门指南，帮助读者理解并掌握iOS应用的开发。随着iOS 4 SDK的发布，开发者工具变得更加完善，使得iOS成为最具吸引力的移动平台之一。书中主要讲解了以下几个方面的知识点： 1. **iOS平台简介**：介绍iOS作为核心软件在iPhone、iPad和iPod touch中的作用，以及为何它是近年来最引人注目的新平台。 2. **iOS SDK概述**：详细介绍iOS软件开发工具包（SDK）的功能，包括它如何提供优雅且文档丰富的工具，以支持iOS应用的开发。 3. **开发环境搭建**：指导读者如何安装和配置Xcode，这是苹果官方推荐的集成开发环境（IDE），用于编写和调试iOS应用。 4. **编程基础**：讲解Objective-C或Swift编程语言的基础知识，这两种语言是开发iOS应用的主要语言。 5. **用户界面设计**：介绍iOS的界面设计原则，包括UIKit框架，以及如何使用故事板（Storyboard）和Auto Layout构建响应式布局。 6. **事件处理与手势识别**：阐述如何处理用户的触摸输入，包括基本的点击事件和复杂的手势识别。 7. **多媒体编程**：展示如何在应用中集成音频、视频和图像处理功能，利用iOS设备的强大多媒体能力。 8. **网络编程**：教授如何进行HTTP请求、JSON解析和数据同步，使应用能够与服务器通信。 9. **Core Data框架**：解释如何使用Core Data进行数据持久化，管理应用的本地数据存储。 10. **多任务处理**：讨论iOS设备上的多任务特性，如后台模式和应用生命周期管理。 11. **测试与调试**：介绍如何使用Xcode内置的调试工具进行单元测试和性能分析，确保应用的质量和稳定性。 12. **App Store发布流程**：引导读者完成应用的提交过程，包括App审核、版本管理和应用内购买。通过书中一系列小型应用的实例，读者将逐步掌握iOS开发的核心概念和技术，从而有能力独立开发自己的iOS应用。无论你是编程新手还是有经验的开发者，这本书都将为你提供宝贵的指导，助你在iOS开发的丛林中找到方向。

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

15

Figure 2–1. The Xcode welcome window. Note that if this is the first time you are running Xcode, there will be no

recent projects. This will change as you make your way through the book.

NOTE: If you have an iOS device connected to your machine, you might see a message when you

first launch Xcode asking whether you want to use that device for development. Alternatively, a

window titled Organizer, designed to list the devices you’ll be working with, might appear. For

now, click the Ignore button or, in the case of the Organizer window, close the window. If you

choose to join the paid iOS Developer Program, you will gain access to a program portal that will

tell you how to use your iOS device for development and testing.

Create a new project by selecting File ➤ New Project..., or by pressing N, which will

bring up the New Project assistant (see Figure 2–2). The pane on the left side of the

sheet is divided into two main sections: iOS and Mac OS X.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

18

Your project window features a toolbar across the top, which gives you ready access to

a lot of commonly used commands. Below the toolbar, the window is divided into three

main sections, or panes.

The pane that runs down the left side of the window is called the Groups & Files pane.

All of the resources that make up your project are grouped here, as are a number of

relevant project settings. Just as in the Finder, clicking the little triangle to the left of an

item expands that item to show available subitems. Click the triangle again to hide the

subitems.

The top-right pane is called the Detail View (or just Detail pane) and shows you detailed

information about items selected in the Groups & Files pane. The lower-right pane is

called the Editor pane. If you select a single file in either the Groups & Files or Detail

pane and Xcode knows how to display that kind of file, the contents of the file will be

displayed in the Editor pane. Editable files, such as source code, can also be edited

here. In fact, this is where you will be writing and editing your application’s source code.

Now that we have the terminology out of the way, take a look at the Groups & Files

pane. The first item in the list should bear the same name as your project, in this case,

Hello World. This item is the gathering point for the source code and the other resources

specific to your project. For the time being, don’t worry about the items in the Groups &

Files pane except those under Hello World.

Take a look at Figure 2–4. Note that the disclosure triangle to the left of Hello World is

open, and there are five subfolders: Classes, Other Sources, Resources, Frameworks,

and Products. Let’s briefly talk about what each subfolder is used for:

 Classes is where you will spend much of your time. This is where most

of the code that you write will go, since this is where all Objective-C

classes rightfully belong. You are free to create subfolders under the

Classes folder to help organize your code. We’ll be using this folder

starting in the next chapter.

 Other Sources contains source code files that aren’t Objective-C

classes. Typically, you won’t spend a lot of time in the Other Sources

folder. When you create a new iPhone application project, there are

two files in this folder:



Hello_World_Prefix.pch: The extension .pch stands for

“precompiled header.” This is a list of header files from external

frameworks that are used by our project. Xcode will precompile

the headers contained in this file, which will reduce the amount

of time it takes to compile your project whenever you select Build

or Build and Go. It will be a while before you have to worry about

this, because the most commonly used header files are already

included for you.

 main.m: This is where your application’s main() function is. You

normally won’t need to edit or change this file.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

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 Resources contains noncode files that will be included as part of your

application. This is where you will include files such as your

application’s icon image and other images, sound files, movie files,

text files, or property lists that your program may need while it’s

running. Remember, since your application runs in its own sandbox,

you will have to include any files you need here, because you won’t be

able to access files located elsewhere on the iPhone except through

sanctioned APIs, such as the ones that provide access to the iPhone’s

photo library and address book. There should be three items in this

folder:

 Hello_WorldViewController.xib: This file contains information

used by the program Interface Builder, which we’ll take for a spin

a bit later in this chapter.

 MainWindow.xib: This is your application’s main Interface Builder

(or “nib”) file. In a simple application like the one we’re building in

this chapter, there’s often no need to touch this file. In later

chapters, when we design more complex interfaces, we will work

with this file and look at it in more depth.

 Hello_World-Info.plist: This is a property list that contains

information about our application. We’ll look at this file a little bit

later in the chapter too.

 Frameworks are a special kind of library that can contain code as well

as resources such as image and sound files. Any framework or library

that you add to this folder will be linked in to your application, and your

code will be able to use objects, functions, and resources contained in

that framework or library. The most commonly needed frameworks

and libraries are linked in to our project by default, so most of the time,

we will not need to do anything with this folder. Less commonly used

libraries and frameworks, however, are not included by default, and

you will see how to link to them into an application later in this book.

 Products contains the application that this project produces when it is

compiled. If you expand Products, you’ll see an item called Hello

World.app. This is the application that this particular project creates.

Hello World.app is this project’s only product. Right now, Hello

World.app is listed in red, which means that the file cannot be found,

which makes sense, since we haven’t compiled our project yet!

Highlighting a file’s name in red is Xcode’s way of telling us that it

can’t find the underlying physical file.

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