SCIENCE CHINA
Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy
© Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 phys.scichina.com www.springerlink.com
*Corresponding author (email: tczhang@sxu.edu.cn)
• Article •
September 2012 Vol.55 No.9: 1523–1528
Progress of Projects Supported by NSFC doi: 10.1007/s11433-012-4847-x
Efficient fluorescence detection of a single neutral atom with low
background in a microscopic optical dipole trap
GUO YanQiang, LI Gang, ZHANG YanFeng, ZHANG PengFei,
WANG JunMin & ZHANG TianCai
*
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University,
Taiyuan 030006, China
Received May 23, 2012; accepted July 2, 2012; published online July 19, 2012
A single cesium atom is trapped in a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (FORT) from the magneto-optical trap (MOT) and
directly imaged by using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The binary single-atom steps and photon anti-bunching are
observed by a photon-counting-based HBT system using fluorescence light. The average atom dwelling time in the FORT is
about 9 s. To reduce the background noise in the detection procedure we employ a weak probe laser tuned to the D
1
line to il-
luminate the single atom from the direction perpendicular to the large-numerical-aperture collimation system. The second or-
der degree of coherence g
(2)
(
)=0.12±0.02 is obtained directly from the fluorescence light of the single atom without deducting
the background. The background light has been suppressed to 10 counts per 50 ms, which is much lower compared with the
reported results. The measured g
(2)
(
) is in good agreement with theoretical analysis. The system provides a simple and effi-
cient method to manipulate and measure single neutral atoms, and opens a way to create an efficient controlled single-photon
source.
magneto-optical trap (MOT), far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (FORT), single atom, collisional blockade, second-
order correlation function
PACS number(s): 42.50.-p, 32.80.Pj, 37.10.De
Citation: Guo Y Q, Li G, Zhang Y F, et al. Efficient fluorescence detection of a single neutral atom with low background in a microscopic optical dipole trap.
Sci China-Phys Mech Astron, 2012, 55: 15231528, doi: 10.1007/s11433-012-4847-x
1 Introduction
Quantum information processing [1] is currently attracting
intense interest and is fueled by the promise of many appli-
cations [2]. Controlled neutral atoms are one of the ideal
candidates for demonstrating deterministically the pro-
cessing of quantum information [3–5], quantum computa-
tion [6,7], quantum simulation [8–10] and quantum metrol-
ogy [11,12]. Deterministic manipulation and detection of
single neutral atoms is necessary for all these applications
and exciting perspectives. In the past decade, laser cooling
and trapping techniques [13] allow people to control indi-
vidual neutral atoms either in free space with an optical di-
pole trap [14] or inside an optical cavity [4]. Single atom
detection with high sensitivity (low background) and high
resolution is an important issue for internal state manipula-
tion and further demonstration of quantum information
processing. The ability to manipulate and detect individual
atoms represents a milestone to encoding and processing
information at the quantum level [15,16] and it enables a
neutral-atom-based quantum logic device [17–19]. There
are usually two approaches to trap and address individual
atoms with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The first
one is the cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system,
which provides a route for quantum control of an atom in-